‘IN DRAG’: PERFORMATIVITY AND AUTHENTICITY IN ZADIE SMITH’S NW

Author(s): Beatriz Pérez Zapata / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

Zadie Smith’s latest novel, NW, presents a multiverse in which multiplicity is driven into homogeneization by the forces of those dominant discourses that attempt to suppress the category of the “Other.” This paper focuses on the development of the two female protagonists. Their opposing attitudes towards motherhood, together with their confrontation with their origins, bring to the fore the performativity found in the discourses of gender, sexuality, class, and race. Thus, this paper will explore authenticity and performativity in a contemporary context, where patriarchal and neocolonial discourses still apply.

‘Kızıl Konağın Rüyası’nda Karşılıksız Aşk: Jia Rui’nin Akıbeti

Author(s): Gökhan Kırılen / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 76/2013

The “Dream of Red Chambers” also known with its original name “Hong Lou Meng” has a unique place in Chinese history of literature. Along with the “Journey to the West”, “Outlaws of the Marsh” and the “Romance of the Three Kingdoms”, “Dream of Red Chambers” belongs to the very well known “four classical novels” in China. Among them, the “Dream of Red Chambers” occupies the highest place in terms of subject matter, style and richness of its language use. The most subtle and exhaustive depictions of traditional Chinese society also can be seen in this voluminous work. Social relations, ceremonies, etiquette, education, love and sex are among the prominent themes in the novel. Especially the relations between women and men displayed very complex features throughout the book. The women are depicted in detail for their beauty and manner and for the roles they played. Lady Feng (Anka) is one of those women who took part in such complex relations. She is also an outstanding figure among the woman characters and in a narrow sense, she displays an example for the “chaste women” of the gentry. In the 11th chapter, a coincidental encounter between her and Jia Rui brings about a story subtly criticizing some traditional values and morality of the 18th century in China. On the other hand, Jia Rui is a youngster who is short in such moral ambitions and has a strong sexual desire for her. In the end, his untamed desire led him to his collapse. The chapter concluded with a passage relating his hallucinative plight as a reflection of earlier events.

“Anayurt Oteli” Ve “Dünya Ağrisi”Nda Otel (S)İmgesi

Author(s): Mehmet Baştürk / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 84/2015

The novel owes its popularity as a literary type in modern times to its explaining and discussing the person and society reality with its all aspects in detail. In novels where every status of the person and the society is reflected, one of the indispensable basic elements of the fiction is “place”. Place doesn’t confront us just as a scene element in narrations. With its various functions, symbolic value, it may be one of the narration heroes carrying the thematic power on itself. Readers and researchers can follow the human and society’s progress in history and their later journey from the places in the works. In this regard, one of the important symbolical places in society-time-place mechanism is “hotel”. The access of hotel to our novels is the result of the fact of urbanisation in modern times. Hotels are handled with their symbolical connotations like loneliness, homelessness, statelessness, temporariness, rootlessness, state of disidentification. In the place typology of the times after modernisation, the hotels which take part in the list of absent places become the places of consumption and pleasure besides being the symbol of the values which are mentioned. In this work, heading from the information mentioned, Yusuf Atılgan’s work “Anayurt Oteli” (1973) and Ayfer Tunç’s work named “Dünya Ağrısı” (2014) are examined around the symbol and image of “hotel” with analysis and comparison method. The hotels in the works are tried to be analysed under the titles of “hero of the novel”, “land of the landlessness”, “the one making preventer” and “compulsory shelter”. As a conclusion, in both works, “hotel” doesn’t take part just as a scene element. It becomes an important part of the fiction with its various functions.

“Ateş Etme İstanbul” Celil Oker Polisiyelerinde Mekânin Kullanimi

Author(s): Ayşe Ulusoy Tunçel,Banu Altınova / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 76/2013

Celil Oker is one of the important authors of crime fiction which has been leapt forward after 1990s in Turkey. Oker is the great contributor to development of domestic crime fiction with his eight novels and a story book published until today, he cut a wide swath as being an author by understanding the importance of details and space in crime novels beyond fullfiling of all conditions which are required by the fiction. The top place of his novels is İstanbul where bears the stamp of the time with its neighbourhood, streets and people. The author managed to interline the details special to Istanbul along with the physical beauties of the city, the chaos of modern life and the changing aspect of the city in parallel with social changes without disrupting the plot of the detective story. Detective story has come forward as a leading genre which reflects the modern city life by means of the observations made by wandering detectives who are reminiscent of contemporary ‘flaneur’ type. While his audience walks through İstanbul with Detective Remzi Ünal who is Oker’s ”a man of action “ on the one hand they read realistic novels which composed of spirited space descriptions, on the other hand they enjoy the tramping of İstanbul with a sense of awareness which has developed against the problems of the metropolis. The author has perceived indoors as an follow-up of İstanbul streets and either he has created the required atmosphere and could send his social critics through oppositions in his pieces that he has brought together the rich and poor communities from various environments by those spaces that he diversified. Celil Oker has prompted to a new and lasting way in field of crime fiction among the authors who tell İstanbul with Ahmet Ümit.

“Ava‟s body is a good one”: (Dis)Embodiment in Ex Machina

Author(s): JENNIFER HENKE / Language(s): English / Issue: 29/2017

This article discusses the role of the body in Alex Garland’s film Ex Machina (2015). It focuses on Ava’s female cyborg body against the backdrop of both classic post-humanist theories and current reflections from scholars in the field of body studies. I argue that Ex Machina addresses but also transcends questions of gender and feminism. It stresses the importance of the body for social interaction both in the virtual as well as the real world. Ava’s lack of humanity results from her mind that is derived from the digital network Blue Book in which disembodied communication dominates. Moreover, the particular construction of Nathan’s progeny demonstrates his longing for a docile sex toy since he created Ava with fully functional genitals but without morals. Ex Machina further exhibits various network metaphors both on the visual and the audio level that contribute to the (re)acknowledgement that we need a body in order to be human.

“Bohem” Kavrami Ve “Bir Tereddüdün Romani” Üzerine

Author(s): Efnan Dervişoğlu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 62/2010

“Bohemian”, in its origin, is a name given to those who live in a region within the borders of Chech Republic and the “gypsies” in the Western Europe; but in due course it has turned into a term which is used to describe a lifestyle that is observed in the artistic world. In this study, Bohemian lifestyle centered in Paris in the 19th and 20th century has been addressed. “Bir Tereddüdün Romanı”, which is appraised as the reflection of the so called lifestyle, matters in terms of depicting the place of the Bohemian in the Turkish society and giving details about the life of Peyami Safa. In this regard, the novel is appraised in terms of “bohemian” concept.

“Brevity is the soul of wit”: Ian McEwan’s Short Prose

Author(s): Monica Cojocaru / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Though often relegated to ancillary scholarly inquiry and overshadowed by the popularity of the novel typically at the centre of academic consideration and appreciation, short prose has captured the attention of contemporary critics who have rehabilitated it as a living form of literature and a valid subject for academic debate. Making his literary debut with two collections of short stories largely regarded as ‘shock lit,’ Ian McEwan has staged repeated comebacks to short prose throughout his career, a form that he has remodelled and refined in different manners and contexts. Centring on the writer’s early short stories as well as his more ‘mature’ novellas and his integration of the short story form into his lengthier works, my article discusses McEwan’s career-long interest in the short form and the ways in which he handles the genre, evolving from his initial shocking tales devoid of all morality to more ethically infused and self-reflexive renditions of short fiction.

“Cash Is Better than Tenure”: (De)Constructing the “Posthistorical University” in James Hynes’s Gothic Academic Satire The Lecturer’s Tale

Author(s): Raluca Andreescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 26/2016

This article analyzes the manner in which James Hynes’s novel The Lecturer’s Tale (2001) can be read as a satire of what Bill Readings identified in his influential The University in Ruins (1996) as the “posthistorical university.” I argue that, in the contemporary context in which higher education establishments are becoming more like corporations and the idea of culture is replaced by the “discourse of excellence,” Hynes’s novel offers an insightful discussion of universities‟ negotiation of the Scylla of the pursuit of profit and the Charybdis of selfabsorbed literary theorizing and its association with political correctness, the exploitation of junior and non-tenured faculty, and the quest for academic stardom. At the same time, I discuss the way in which the Gothic elements that permeate the novel fittingly double and deepen the critique of contemporary educational establishments and professors.

„Realizm profetyczny”: emancypacyjna poetyka powieści George Sand

Author(s): Katarzyna Nadana-Sokołowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 42/2019

The article recalls George Sand as a writer whose works, especially those of the 1830s and 1840s, inspired the development of a democratic European society. It shows how Sand’s involvement in the democratisation of post-revolutionary France is intertwined with the poetics of her prose. The author introduces the term “not-entirely-realistic” to describe Sand’s writing, which at the same time consciously uses and transcends the poetics of contemporary realism, introducing into the novel the idealisation of chosen characters and fabulous or idyllic motifs in the creation of the world. On the example of selected works, the article discusses common features of typical Sandian protagonists. They are at the same time idealised (noble, selfless, generous, compassionate, and helpful) and idealists themselves, who dream of a better, more equitable social world, and believe that social commitment is consistent with the true message of the Gospel. The article also demonstrates how idyllic space in Sand’s fiction becomes a utopian sphere in which people from different social strata meet and interact as equals.

„Socialistinio humanizmo“ literatūra: užuojauta kaip ideologinės manipuliacijos atmaina

Author(s): Rita Tūtlytė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 1/2017

In this article, we examine the “socialist humanism” that unfolds in Mykolas Sluckis’s novel Laiptai į dangų (Stairway to the Skies, 1963); we examine the contents, rhetorical means for building the text and the forms of ideological expression of said “socialist humanism.” In deconstructing the text, we put emphasis on the strategies of suggestion. One of such strategies is the following one: an individual wronged by destiny, one in need of care and compassion, is thrown into a whirlwind of political events. In such a way, the conflict of ideologies is transferred into the domestic environment and the psychological realm. A “naked” political argumentation is refused, and emotions are instead utilized for suggestion. The figure of the cripple, which appeared in the works of the “socialist humanism” program, provides the said cripple figure with a dimension of humanity and links it with tradition; on the other hand, it is also manipulated. An idea is being instilled that the only society that can be created on the principles of mutual aid and compassion is the socialist society. We study in the article whether the rhetorical operations of the novel, and especially the novel’s ending, affirm these ideological schemes or demonstrate their ambiguity. Several methods of suggestion employed by the author are observable: an emotional love story is being narrated with the help of inner monologues, the presented characteristics of the story’s characters are tendentious, the ambivalence of aposiopeses and hints is maintained, deliberate comments are inserted, passions relating to pity are being manipulated, and the relationships between parents and children have an undertone resembling Pavlik Morozov, the parents’ traitor. The unfurled paradigm of compassion in Sluckis’s book aids in understanding the reception of “socialist humanism” in the Soviet-era society of Lithuania – to understand why manipulation based on the means of kindness and compassion was being rejected in the underground movements of the Soviet period. What is also observable is that in the 1980s, literature works of the silent modernism gave a new sense to the portrayal of the cripple: the cripple of the last generation, manipulated and devoid of any autonomous value, is opposed by the cripple as a free individual who possesses an independent worldview.

„Tri moćne žene“ Mari Ndijaj – jedinstvo narativnog triptiha

Author(s): Vesna R. Cakeljić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 4/2011

Marie Ndiaye structures her piece of 'Three Strong Women' as a music composition whose three parts are connected by a recurring theme: the internal strength that the three protagonists, African-American women, demonstrate challenged with life's hardships. It is essential for understanding this triptych, around which the text is articulated. The stories are subtly intertwined, with a series of elements fitting like pieces of a puzzle at a narrative and symbolic level, uniting these short novels into a complex whole.

„ВЕРБАЛНИОТ“ ДЕТАЉ ВО „ПИРЕЈ“ (за женскиот стенограматски говор)

Author(s): Lusi Karanikolova-Chochorovska / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 59/2012

The article "The "Verbal" detail in Pirej" treats the problematics of the detail in Petre M. Andreevski`s novel "Pirej". The attention is primarily directed towards the literary tools that are applied in the construction of the female character Velika. The narration, which is linear and of parallel type, allows the usage of the category "verbal" detail. As a part of a larger unit, description or portrait (description of a character) the detail occurs through a synegdotic operation which results in creation of the so called "verbal" detail. It may also be defined as an entity of ideal nature which leaves a unique mark on the authentic female characteristics in the discourse of I- the storyteller.

„ПОМЕЃУ“ - АПОРИЈА НА ДВОАГОЛНИОТ ТРИЈАГОЛНИК

Author(s): Drasko Kostovski / Language(s): Macedonian / Issue: 61/2013

The following discourse analyses of the novel „In between“ (2008) from Irena Jordanova is focused on the literary categories of character and focalization. Using the feministic and sociological paradigm the article aims to show that the homosocial desire is crucial in establishing the patriarchal regimes for complete objectification and appropriation of the female in the erotic triangle. Even more, the analysis tends to describe the homosocial relationships of different masculinities, from the marginalized and subordinated, trough the complicit and the hegemonic as well as their transition the patriarchal network . In the specific case, the article finds out that the female is not only objectified on the story (fabula) level, but even more, the female is used as an object of symbolichomosocial transaction in the realm of the discourse (syuzhet). In this process, romance serves as homosocial normalizing and cloaking devise for safekeeping the patriarchal position.

„Самотният крояч“ на романа

Author(s): Roumiana L. Stantcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2021

In the 1920s and 1930s, the theory of the novel started becoming visible in the texts of novels themselves. This article examines novels with experimental narrative structures, comparing for the first time Bulgarian, Romanian, and French texts that tried new literary ‘cuts’. These writers discussed the role of the narrator throughout the text itself, either in their own name or through the narrator’s voice. They declared a search for authenticity and sought the connection of literature with another ‘fashionable tailor’: Cubism in art. It became apparent that these Modernists displayed a negative attitude towards Paul Bourget, a French writer who had at the time ‘cut out’ an emblematic figure of a successful European novelist. An increased interest in America and the Americans – in a tentative mixture of admiration or rejection – could also be observed in these novels.

„Слушкињина прича“ Маргарет Атвуд: феминистички приступ језику дистопије

Author(s): Milan D. Živković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 5/2012

This paper deals with the specifi c use of language within the literary subgenre of feminist dystopia. In the center of analysis lies Margaret Atwood’s distopian novel, A Handmaid’s Tale. It is inevitable to compare this novel to other classics of dystopian literature, predominantly in the context of language use and its relationship with dystopian surrounding. In particular, the feminist context of this novel is emphasized as well as the dystopian society seen from the female author’s position. Also, an important issue is her specifi c relationship to language seen as a manipulative tool as well as a refl ection of individual freedom in society where this concept is constantly susceptible to limitations. Particular focus is on the semantic and morphological analysis of concrete words, phrases and sentences where the unity of language and dystopian surrounding is fully recognizable. The result of this research indicates a specifi c occurence of dystopian language which, with its characteristics, belongs both to linguistics and literature. All this could not only motivate further research about the relationship between language and literary dystopia, but other literary genres as well.

›Kanonische Menschen‹? Zum Verhältnis von literarischer Form und Lebensform

Author(s): Christine Magerski,Aida Alagić / Language(s): German / Issue: 29/2020

Novalis formulated the imperative that the life of a canonical human being must be symbolic. A novel made by us should be life. Friedrich Schlegel added that every educated person contains a novel inside him, but does not need to write it. Those who do, however, publish themselves. But can life be shaped into a novel? Georg Lukács’ volume of essays entitled "Soul and Form" revolves around this question. The first part of this article is also devoted to this question. The second part attempts to provide an answer to this question by pointing to the ›artist’s novel‹ as the decisive link between art and life. The concluding, third part of the article illustrates the significance of the artist’s novel with the example of Michel Houellebecq’s "Map and Territory".

Ђенерал на бијелом коњу

Author(s): Ramiz Salihović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 1-2/2017

Како туговати без игдје иког свог?! Смрт оца и мајке откинула je и дио мене. Чини ми се да нећу никад довољно одрасти за тај чин, нити ћу успјети научити да живим без њих. Ни плакање за мушкарца није срамотно. Желио сам, али нисам имао с ким да се исплачем, како бих се лакше носио са својом тугом. Сада се присјећам неких мојих пропуста које сам према њима учинио.

Љубав и друштвена моћ у роману „Теса од д`Урбервила“

Author(s): Ognjen M. Kurteš / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 11/2015

This paper analyses the relations of love and social power in the novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles. Through the stories of the main characters we point out the most important aspects of social power and its victory over the principle of love. This victory destroys all attempts of the characters to try to find existence in the external world. Love is defeated by a false Victorian society moral code, thus causing uncertainty on a spiritual level, which creates a rich psychological layer within this novel.

Џи.

Author(s): John P. Berger / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 49/2/2012

Этнамаркiраваная лексiка беларускай мовы ў перакладах на англiйскую

Author(s): Światłana Padabiedawa / Language(s): Belarussian / Issue: 10/2018

The article discusses the problem of translation of ethno-marked Belarusian vocabulary into English on the example of the novel by V. Karatkevich “King Stakh’s Wild Hunt”. Ethno-marked vocabulary is a special layer of the Belarusian language, which reflects people’s world view and their way of life. The text contains names of dishes, food and beverages, names of clothes and decorative elements, names of dances, songs, celebrations and games, and names of mythical creatures. The author identifies transliteration/transcription, combined translation, descriptive translation, adaptation and dropping which help to establish equivalence of translation from Belarusian into English.