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Contemporary International/World Novels’ Transmissibility from Partial Connections to Hermeneutics of Situation (With References to Glissant, Volpi, Murakami, and Rushdie)

Contemporary International/World Novels’ Transmissibility from Partial Connections to Hermeneutics of Situation (With References to Glissant, Volpi, Murakami, and Rushdie)

Author(s): Jean Bessière / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Due to its formal and semantic flexibility, the novel is often viewed as exemplarily associated with globalization. Most interpretations of this view lead to a paradox – presentations that the genre of the novel offers can be specific, and yet, widely circulated – and refer it to transnationalism, to the worlding of many cultural identities, or to some kind of literary space. These interpretations leave open the questioning of the cultural denotations or literary features that empower novels to be widely circulated and universalized. This article identifies and analyzes this explicit questioning in Glissant’s Toutmonde, Murakami’s Kafka on the Shore, Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh, and Volpi’s In Search of Klingsor, and suggests a quadruple answer. 1. Contemporary novels, that are read as world novels, reflect the paradox that qualifies their world circulation: they designate and deconstruct the signs of the universal by offering totalizing and detotalizing perspective and by questioning their universalization potential. 2. This formal and semantic paradox is presented by means of “partial connec tions”, i.e. objective or imagined references to distant or non-identical cultural references that can be viewed as partially overlapping. Partial connections impose a metonymic view of all chains of cultural mentions, and, between the latter, delineate special kinds of union – differences coexist and unite, and their discontinuities invite to view them as equally real. Partial connections found world novels’ rhetoric and transmissibility. 3. Due to these partial connections, some kind of specific hermeneutics is developed or implied – hermeneutics of situation. No overall inter pretation of their own universalizability is offered by world novels – they generate symptomatic readings. 4. Remarkably, these literary and cultural montages apply to canonical kinds of novel – investigation novel (In Search of Klingsor), historical novel (The Moor’s Last Sigh), Bildungsroman (Tout-monde, Kafka on the Shore), that are most often recognized as universal because of their canonicity and the readability they show. On the one hand, these montages alter the canonicity and readability of these kinds of novels, on the other, they trigger their wide circulation because they negate any rule of reading and any overall interpretation, and however suggest some kind of universal hermeneutics – the use of partial connections is of utmost importance.

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The Imagination of Criminals in Victorian London in Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

The Imagination of Criminals in Victorian London in Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

Author(s): Wong Hiu Wai / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In this article I write about the split of London described in Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Dr. Jekyll, decent and belonging to the middle class, fail s to resist the transformation into Mr. Hyde, gross and belonging to the lower class. It represents the fear of the West Enders, who thought that the East Enders were uncivilized and threatening. In order to rationalize their fear, the West Enders imagined the East Enders as criminals, which corresponds to Edward Said’s discussion of Orientalism. In Orientalism, Said discusses how the West represents the Orient as the Other, and produces the category of the Orient grounded on a geographical framework of thinking. In much the same way, the story of Jekyll and Hyde demonstrates a narrative construction of the lower class living in the East End London as criminals. The influence of Cesare Lombroso’s theory of criminology present in the story serves as important evidence of the West Enders’ imagination. In Criminal Man (1876), Lombroso investigates the atavistic criminal, which illustrates the middle-class imagination of the body of the East Enders. Establishing the notion of atavism, Lombroso belittles the lower class by criticizing them as the demonstration of “regression to an earlier stage of evolution.” Examining the details of the geographical demarcation portrayed in the story, this paper hopes to elucidate the cultural imagination of criminals in Victorian London.

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Essence of Technology and Ecological Disaster: A Heideggerian Reading of Margaret Atwood’s The Year of the Flood

Essence of Technology and Ecological Disaster: A Heideggerian Reading of Margaret Atwood’s The Year of the Flood

Author(s): Wu Lanxiang,Zhou Xiaolin / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In his criticism about modern technology, Martin Heidegger etymologically examines the word “Technē” and points out that, technology, as a mode of revealing, does not solely refer to the bringing forth of truth through machine-based experiments and exploration, it also contains the poetic revealing inside which a saving power can be found. Following this argument, this paper conducts a textual analysis of Margaret Atwood’s 2009 novel The Year of the Flood and argues that the Compound elites are so delivered over to technology that they have turned everything into standing-reserve, and thereby have fueled the impending ecological disaster in their pursuit of bioengineering innovation. By contrast, a Heideggerian meditative person – Adam One, the leader of God’s Gardeners, illustrates the practice of “arts of the mind” by his words and his deeds, exemplifying the possibility of poetic revealing in an emblematic way. Although the trajectory of environmental deterioration cannot be reversed, the ending of the novel does strike a promising note by referring to music, an old form of fine arts.

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Virtue or Vice? Trauma Reflected in Mo Yan’s Frog

Virtue or Vice? Trauma Reflected in Mo Yan’s Frog

Author(s): Wang Jinghui / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The preoccupation with human nature is deeply rooted in literature. This paper starts from the ancient Chinese rudimentary understanding of human nature, then passes through Mo Yan’s Frog, an epistolary novel which covers the 30-year history of the Chinese population control policy through the description of an obstetrician in quest of her own human nature, and ends with her mediation and effort to retrieve goodness in the face of state will. Mo Yan, as well as many other Chinese people, does not deny that the onechild family policy had been laid down with a good intention to promote the general welfare of all citizens in China. But through a detailed reading of the novel Frog, it is argued that this policy might be a legalized illegality, which results in the schizophrenia of the main character out of the dilemma of justifying her deeds as virtue or vice. It is suggested that the experience of the female character in the novel, as well as in the contemporary Chinese society, should be investigated allegorically, and it reveals a universal issue about the complexity of human nature, for in a certain sense, one may start aiming to be Mother Theresa, but end in finding himself or herself merely a devoted clownlike servant of the state will.

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Ştefania Mihalache, Copilăria: reconstituiri literare după 1989

Ştefania Mihalache, Copilăria: reconstituiri literare după 1989

Author(s): Andrea Bodan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18-19/2020

Review of: Ştefania Mihalache, Copilăria: reconstituiri literare după 1989, Piteşti, Editura Paralele 45, 2019, 374 p.

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Sense of Loss in Willa Cather’s My Ántonia

Sense of Loss in Willa Cather’s My Ántonia

Author(s): Smaranda Ştefanovici / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2015

Traditionally, we think of the American dream as owning a home and having a happy family accompanied by financial success. Immigrants included dream in their visions about America as a promised land. Willa Cather’s approach to the American Dream goes beyond this goal of happiness and success and shows the ephemeral character of the American Dream and how life is influenced by these destructive western dreams. The paper argues for western men and women’s freedom to choose their lifestyles in the wild prairie but also deals with the elusive fulfillment of the American Dream when characters do not make the right choices in life and all that remains are regrets and lost choices.

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Drama unei familii țărănești din Ardeal

Drama unei familii țărănești din Ardeal

Author(s): Gabriela Chiciudean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

As the traditional village had gradually faded with time, writing a novel encompassing this subject has become a predicament, yet Lucian Domșa undertook writing about the Transylvanian rural context, revealing his most authentic sense of artistry. Măriuca is a novel portraying the tragic existence of a countryman returning home after World War I. The realities of the traditional village are depicted in the background, for it is the character development, the representation of the profound history of a family, the history of an existence lived according to the old ways of the countryside, all explored under the veil of most authentic vernacular language, that notably constitute the centre of the novel. The typical tragedy of a family from a village in Transylvania is gradually built in the novel, in sync with the space it inhabits, and with the action, also capturing several monographical elements of the Transylvanian village. Although the novel is entitled Măriuca, the main character is Manole a lui Țapu’, however, in virtue of the way the female heroine is composed, through her desire for emancipation, Măriuca becomes the main important character who announces a change of mentality and attitude in the interwar period in the rural environment.

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Vesna Goldsworthy la răscruce de culturi

Vesna Goldsworthy la răscruce de culturi

Author(s): Octavia Nedelcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2019

In this paper we set out to discuss the phenomenon of exile, which is still current and extremely varied from the perspective of identifying one’s belonging to one of the national literatures deriving from Yugoslavia after the nineties. During the history, wars were one of the major causes of exile, encompassing the entire range of typologies: economic, political, cultural, ethnic exile. During the war in the former Yugoslavia of the nineties of the last century, a number of writers decided to leave their country. Among them there were: Alexandar Hemon, Dubravka Ugrešić and David Albahari, all of them being currently recognized and famous authors. However, the paper focuses on the literary profile of the writer Vesna Goldsworthy, who, by marriage, decided to settle in the UK. Being "stuck" between two cultures, she cannot give up either of them as they both are part of her being both in literary and in personal terms.

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Sufletul rus și evadarea din postmodernism în literatura rusă. De la Erofeev la Vodolazkin

Sufletul rus și evadarea din postmodernism în literatura rusă. De la Erofeev la Vodolazkin

Author(s): Cristian Chirca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2019

The Russian soul has been and remains the main theme of Russian culture and civilization. Often at the center of artistic, philosophical, political, journalistic and daily speech, both in Russia and abroad, the Russian soul marked the classical and modern period of Russian culture, as well as postmodernism, in all its forms and stages. The leaders of modern postmodernism - Erofeev, Sorokin and Prigov – mastered the Russian soul on a negative and even on a nihilistic dimension. At present, Russia's dialogue with itself, but also with Others, indicates a growing tendency to overcome the postmodern stage. The promoter of this trend is the writer Evgeny Vodolazkin, and his novel Laurus can be regarded as an undeniable proof. In Laurus novel, Vodolazkin seems to represent the Russian soul in a new dimension.

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Putovanje i reprezentacije identiteta i alteriteta u dječjem romanu od početka 20. st. do 1941.

Putovanje i reprezentacije identiteta i alteriteta u dječjem romanu od početka 20. st. do 1941.

Author(s): Lana Molvarec / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2016

The intention of this paper is to research how travel narratives construct representations of identity and alterity in selected children's novels published from 1907. to 1941. The paper aims contextualised, local and political reading instead of pedagogical or impressionist-esthetical approach. A main thesis is that production of knowledge through discursive practices constitutes identity or alterity of characters as well as the knowledge depends on relations of power and its distribution within social and cultural field. Thus, I differentiate, using R. Williams's terminology, residual, dominant and emergent forms of discursive practices that product identity and alterity in analysed novels.

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Българска историческа проза от 20. и 21. век. Геостратегия и геополитика

Българска историческа проза от 20. и 21. век. Геостратегия и геополитика

Author(s): Antoaneta Alipieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The article discusses emblematic Bulgarian historical novels of the 20th and 21st centuries. It refers to various types of nationalisms and their strategies towards the geopolitics of the Balkans. Literary interpretation of historical events contains Bulgarian perspective on the important geopolitical processes in the Balkan region.

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Strategii narative în proza lui Iren Rozdobuzko

Strategii narative în proza lui Iren Rozdobuzko

Author(s): Maria Hoșciuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

Украинская проза конца ХХ-го – начала ХХI-го века является частью очень разнообразной картины с точки зрения стилистических тенденций, развития худежественных систем, которые сформировались как в постмодернизме, так и отднльно от этого течения. Художественная проза современной украинской писательницы Ирен Роздобудько представляется как плод «новой волны», которое независимо идеологически и отличается творческой свободой автора. Целью нашей статьи является определение повествовательных стратегий автора, которые являються его ключом к успеху, при помощи понятия доступности.

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Danilo Kiš și Europa Centrală – heterotopie și identitate

Danilo Kiš și Europa Centrală – heterotopie și identitate

Author(s): Lidija Čolević / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2015

Paying attention to understanding the identity of the Central European space through a brief review of the contemporary studies of culture, politics, imagology, we have based upon the most diverse and above all topical narrative formula that Danilo Kiš has offered in his novels, essay reflections and interviews. In consideration of Central Europe as a part of cultural policy and as part of the aesthetic doctrine, we have been helped by the principles of heterotopia offered by M. Foucault. Going into some sensitive issues of incomplete inferior cultural identity and viability of the concept of cultural identity of Serbian literature in relation to the imminent epochal developments of postcolonialism and multiculturalism, would mean to take into account the fact that in this complex field any peripherical society, including Serbian, has to deal with the specific historical contingencies. And after more than two decades since the collapse of the Yugoslav community, within the social and political implications of the above-mentioned new trends and cultural orientations, the contemporary Serbian scene again is facing with the experience of political and cultural discontinuity. In such an atmosphere, that it is still ongoing, the consequences of Kiš’s understanding of the phenomenon of Central Europe continue to provoke.

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Reflectarea prozei lui Cinghiz Aitmatov în teatru și cinematografie (de la tradiție la modernitate)

Reflectarea prozei lui Cinghiz Aitmatov în teatru și cinematografie (de la tradiție la modernitate)

Author(s): Marta-Teodora Boboc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2014

The literary skills of Chingiz Aitmatov, a writer of Kyrgyz origin, have left a strong imprint on Russian literature, due to the complex themes that he makes use of in his literary works. Based on a series of norms bearing a traditional character, Aitmatov’s short stories and novels are endowed with a modern aura and they highlight a wide range of universally valid concepts, whose reception and decoding require a careful reading. The film adaptations and plays based on Chingiz Aitmatov’s works are an interesting interpretation of his literary universe and the director’s point of view offers the reader – that becomes now a spectator – new perspectives in decoding the message hidden behind the literary work in itself. This article focuses on two of Aitmatov’s creations – „The White Steamboat” (1970) and „Cassandra’s Brand” (1996) – as well as on the film adaptation and, respectively, the play with scenarios that have been written according to the given short story and novel.

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Paratopia operei ilf-petroviene în cultura română a secolului al XXI-lea

Paratopia operei ilf-petroviene în cultura română a secolului al XXI-lea

Author(s): Ionela Dumitruț / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2014

Literary interpretations of Ilf and Petrof’s works are almost inexistent in the Romanian culture. The decisive background of their novels, the possibility of a circular reading which is given by various stylistic devices, the emphasised intertextuality of the paragraphs and the paratopic game of the satire, as well as the indirect discourse of irony and the construction of comic and humour, offer the reader the opportunity to see an original piece of writing of a remarkable tension. Therefore, 12 Chairs, Golden Calf and America without Levels represent certainly a fascinating and fresh evidence of all these.

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Д-р К. Кръстев за „Под игото” – първи модерен критически прочит на романа

Д-р К. Кръстев за „Под игото” – първи модерен критически прочит на романа

Author(s): Antonia Velkova-Gaidarjieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2014

The study problematizes the first modern literary critical reading of “Under the Yoke”, a pioneer classic novel in Bulgarian literature. It deals specifically with Dr Krastev’s article of the eponymous name “Under the Yoke” which he wrote in 1890, a forgotten text remarkable for its exceptional insightfulness, thorough examination of artistic detail, as well as for its deep penetration into the overall philosophical significance of the novel. The article is a proof of Krastev’s great analytical skills and testifies to his assertion of highest modern standards in the aesthetic and artistic evaluation of a literary work. With his text, Bulgaria’s first professional literary critic sets the criteria and the norm for reading this representative work of Bulgarian literature. The present study also comments on a literary fact which has remained unnoticed by literary historians, the first book translated from Russian by Krastyo Krastev – “A Textbook in the History of Poetry”. In it the translator openly attacks “the head” of the Romantic school of thought Victor Hugo from the same ideological stand which he used to assault some aspects of Ivan Vazov’s work. Either way, this first in its kind conceptual reading of the novel “Under the Yoke” makes it stand out as one of the masterpieces in the work of the author.

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„Ha ott a föld alattad, verhetetlen vagy”

„Ha ott a föld alattad, verhetetlen vagy”

Author(s): Attila Zsolt Papp / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 842/2022

An interview with Király Lászlóval.

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Aspecte ale romanului comic slovac

Aspecte ale romanului comic slovac

Author(s): Dagmar Maria Anoca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2013

The author makes a presentation of the Slovak comic novel based on the related bibliographies (especially the works of M.M. Bahtin, Corneliu Barborică and Peter Darovec). Novels such as René mládenca, príhody a skúsenosti (René, a Young Man, Events and Experiences) by Jozef Ignác Bajza (1783), Bendegúz (1841) by Ján Chalupka, Reštavrácia (The Restauration) by Ján Kalinčiak (1822- 1871), Faustiáda by Jonáš Záborský (1812-1876) and Večne je zelený (Forever Green) (1989) that was written much later fall into this category. Yet, the author thouroughly focuses only on Bendegúz (1841) by Ján Chalupka and Faustiáda by Jonáš Záborský. In these works laughter shapes into comic, humor, irony, satire, pamphlet, anecdote etc., which are meant to reveal the most stringent aspects of reality (national oppression, lack of national consciousness, social relations, and immorality).

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Chiril şi Metodiu între istorie şi literatură

Chiril şi Metodiu între istorie şi literatură

Author(s): Octavia Nedelcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2013

Undoubtedly, Milorad Pavić is the writer who makes way to a new literary genre in Serbian literature, who experiments a new poetics of metatextual and postmodernist type, trying to learn the meaning of the wandering words belonging to a lost in times past language. The Dictionary of the Khazars, first in the series of Milorad Pavić’s great literary creations, is a labyrinth-novel, bearing a historical enigma as grounds: the destiny of the Khazars, a Turkic population, who created a great empire between the 7th and the 10th century on the banks of the Volga river, but disappeared completely afterwards. According to some scientists, the Khazars might be the ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews from Eastern Europe. The theme of the Khazars came to Pavić’s attention in his early student days, while writing a seminar paper on Cyril and Methodius, more specifically about one of Constantine Cyril’s sermons and about the issue on the people’s destiny on the stage of history, their rise and fall. The writer decided to use this source in a new, unique way, combining his experience as a scientist with that of a lexicographer and novelist in a lexicon like novel. In this paper we intend to analyse the two historical characters, the apostles of the Slavic writings, Cyril and Methodius, from the author’s perspective, who turns them into literary characters, as well as their image reflected in the eyes of the other characters.

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Воплощение романа М.А. Булгакова «Мастер и Маргарита» на сцене (В России и Румынии)

Воплощение романа М.А. Булгакова «Мастер и Маргарита» на сцене (В России и Румынии)

Author(s): Mihaela Moraru / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2012

Romanul Maestrul şi Margareta l-a impus pe Bulgakov ca reprezentant de prim rang al literaturii universale. Acest roman, una dintre cele mai pline de semnificaţii opere ale secolului al XX-lea, a intrat în atenţia cititorului cu o mare întârziere, producând chiar din momentul apariţiei, o impresie stupefiantă. Romanul este inspirat din realitatea societăţii moscovite a anilor ’20 ai secolului al XX-lea şi este întrepătruns de elementele a trei lumi: cele trei lumi prezentate în roman, cea biblică, cea care înfăţişează Moscova contemporană autorului şi cea fantastică sunt în strânsă legătură, creează un tot unitar. Romanul reprezintă o frescă complexă, profund încărcată de umanism, dar şi un strigăt de libertate. Ideile sale îşi păstrează prospeţimea şi oferă noi şi noi înţelesuri. Opera lui Bulgakov şi-a croit drum spre lumea teatrului. Varianta scenică a marelui regizor rus Iuri Liubimov reprezintă unul dintre cele mai sensibile şi uimitoare spectacole ale teatrului Taganka. Într-un stil original şi inconfundabil, cunoscuta regizoare Cătălina Buzoianu prezintă după o dramatizare proprie, spectacolul Maestrul şi Margareta la teatrul Mic în 1980. Deşi cronicile au fost destul de acide şi depreciative, spectacolul are multe virtuţi, fiind un spectacol-legendă cu vaste posibilităţi de decodificare a mesajelor din subtext. Distribuţia a fost una de excepţie, nume sonore ale teatrului românesc şi-au supus talentul şi întreaga pricepere solicitărilor exigente ale „direcţiei” de scenă. Un spectacol extrem de bogat în culori şi semnificaţii.

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