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Application of Tawarruq in Islamic Banking in Malaysia: Towards Smart Tawarruq

Author(s): Muhammad Faruq Roslan,Omar Bamahriz,Aishath Muneeza,JinZi Chu,Zakariya Mustapha,Mohamad Zabidi Ahmad / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The objective of the paper is to discuss the application of tawarruq in Islamic banking generally. The modus operandi of tawarruq in Islamic banking is an essential discussion in jurisdiction like Malaysia, where most Islamic banks use tawarruq to structure Islamic banking products. This paper employs a systematic literature review on best practice models and mechanism of current tawarruq application. The outcome of the research helps to understand the modus operandi of tawarruq transactions practically with a view towards understanding its future prospects in the era of Fintech. It is envisaged that this research will assist the growing understanding of the existing application of tawarruq in Islamic banking as well as its future development using technology.

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Towards Developing Standards for the Zakat Administration in the Republic of Sudan

Author(s): Mahmoud Ghalib Elmaghrabi,Mustafa Omar Mohammed,Muhammad Tahir Jan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Zakat has a long history of helping poor and disadvantaged groups. However, Zakat institutions face numerous challenges in achieving their socio-economic objective: equitable distribution of resources. The aim of this study is to highlight the challenges hindering managerial efficiency in contemporary Zakat institutions as well as identify ways to improve managerial efficiency. Focusing the case on Sudan, this paper identifies the constraints facing the Zakat institution, from the macro perspective as well as from the managerial viewpoint. By using secondary sources, this paper found that inefficiencies such as ineffective collection and distribution, lack of coordination and mismanagement are some of the impediments causing inefficiency of Zakat collection and distribution. Furthermore, the paper suggests that standards constitute an instrument for the Zakat intuition to manage and enhance its efficiency as well as having the ability to guide Zakat in the right direction.

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An Exploratory Study On The Possibility Of Replacing Tawarruq Based Islamic Banking Products Using Other Alternatives

Author(s): Zaki Ahmad,Faathih Zahir,Ahmed Mohamud Usman,Aishath Muneeza,Zakariya Mustapha / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Tawarruq which is also known as commodity Murabahah in Islamic banking is widely practiced in Malaysia to structure different types of Islamic banking products. The widespread use of tawarruq has made Islamic banks to be re-named as “tawarruq banks” and some even call tawarruq as the “magic lamp” of the industry. Shariah scholars have criticised this frequent usage of tawarruq in Islamic banking industry of Malaysia, while the practitioners have replied by saying that if tawarruq is a shariah approved concept, then what is wrong with the usage of it? However, from the shariah perspective, the issue here is not about the shariah compliance of tawarruq transactions per se. It is about the shariah limitations imposed by the scholars on the use of it. This simply means that there is a reservation made by shariah scholars in allowing the usage of tawarruq contract in Islamic finance as tawarruq is a contract allowed to be used when one has to choose between a conventional loan and tawarruq. The purpose of this research is thus to show the alternative Islamic commercial contracts that could be used to structure Islamic banking products that have been structured in the market using tawarruq. It is anticipated that the outcome of this research will assist Islamic banking industry to understand why and how they can move away from tawarruq.

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Obzori andaluzijske filozofije

Author(s): Rusmir Šadić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2020

Whether we see in philosophy the Heideggerian-existentialist attempt to establish a difference between Being and being, or in the spirit of the philosophy of existence of the Jasper’s illumination of man’s existence in its bond to transcendence, the Husserlian endeavor of a phenomenological return to the very essence of things, or in the Deleuzean insight into the construction of concepts, we find all these elements within what we denote by Islamic philosophy. Within the long and rich history of Muslim philosophical thought, Andalusian philosophy represents the pinnacle of classical Islamic philosophy, whose best intellectual offshoots will be embodied in the works of Ibn Bajja, Ibn Tufayl, Ibn Rushd, Ibn ‘Arabi, Moses Maimonides, and numerous other thinkers. The paper that follows aims to explain the phenomenon of ‘Andalusian philosophy’, taking into account the results of recent research published in scientific studies in the West.

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Aliya İzzetbegoviç Ve Bilgeliğin Tezahürleri

Author(s): Hüseyin Bal / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 9/2019

Aliya Izzetbegovic is called ‘the King of Wisdom’ by his countrymen. In this paper we will argue about the validity of this nickname for him. To be more specific, is wisdom only a nickname that his fans have given; or does this wisdom have concrete demonstrations? Aliya Izzetbegovic never rejected any duty that his nation demanded him, therefore; we mostly know him for his political identity. Whereas, history would record him as a well-known writer and a dissident intellectual in Europe and all over the world if the independence struggle had not taken place at all. To me, his intellectual identity prevails his political identity. He had developed peculiar notions during his imprisonment period by associating the books he read with his experience. Izzetbegovic’s charismatic personality lies in his being a thinker and head-worker. Being a thinker is voluntary, but having a political identity is a historical compulsion. So, he is a real wise person due to his notions and life-style. His nation adores this man of action and notion, and has justly called him ‘The Wise King’.

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Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Dersinin Assure Modeline Göre Tasarımı

Author(s): Salih Aybey / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2020

With the arrival of new information and technologies in recent years, there have been changes in the methods and techniques used in the field of education and training, and studies have increased on how to provide education in the classes in the most effective way. It is observed that these increasing studies are also concentrated in the field of instructional design. One of the models developed in order to include technology and mass media in the teaching environment by considering the needs of the student in planning and conducting the lesson is ASSURE. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the ASSURE model can be actively used, known, understood and implemented in Turkey in religious culture and moral knowledge courses. In order to realize this purpose, firstly, information about the logic, principles and technique of the model was given by document analysis method. Then, the subject of “God Belief” and “Islam and Science”, which are the first subjects of the first units of religious culture textbooks being taught in the secondary school 5th grade and high school 12th grade, had been given as an application example.

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Dzieci Abrahama. Jak Hagia Sofia stała się zakładnikiem polityki neoosmanizmu

Author(s): Agata Skowron‑Nalborczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 681/2020

Decyzja tureckiego sądu o przekształceniu Hagii Sofii w meczet tak naprawdę służy podkreślaniu wierności rządzących wobec mitycznej osmańskiej przeszłości i podtrzymuje pewien rodzaj turecko muzułmańskiego nacjonalizmu, mającego na celu odwrócenie procesu sekularyzacji państwa tureckiego.

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Book Review: Xavier Bougarel (2018). Islam and Nationhood in Bosnia-Hercegovina: Surviving Empires.

Author(s): Maciej Falski / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2019

Review of: Maciej Falski - Xavier Bougarel (2018). Islam and Nationhood in Bosnia-Hercegovina: Surviving Empires. London-New York: Bloomsbury Academic

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TİFLİS'TE ŞAHSEY VAHSEY RİTÜELLERİ: 19. YÜZYIL ILE 20. YÜZYILIN BAŞLARINDA (GAZETE YAZILARI ve HATIRALAR IŞIĞINDA)

Author(s): Üyesi Gülnara Goca Memmedlı / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 47/2020

For centuries, Azerbaijani Turks or Karapapaks have been densely settled in the city of Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, and the surrounding regions of Borchali and Karayazi. These Turks, whose number has reached 500 thousand today, continue their existence in the geography of Georgia and continue their religious-cultural traditions. In particular, they observe the legal rules of the country, maintain their religious customs and perform their religious practices. With this fact in mind, the purpose of this article is to illuminate the Muharram Shahsey Vahsey mourning ceremonies that have been performed by Turks in Georgia for centuries. It focuses on condolence, ashure rituals and ceremonies, which have an important place in the religious folk tradition of Muslim Turks. The subject is limited to the city of Tbilisi and the second half of the 19th to early 20th centuries. As primary sources, the relevant articles in the 19th century Tbilisi's Russian and Georgian newspapers and the memories of early 20th century artists are handled.

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Sytuacja Asyryjczyków na Bliskim Wschodzie w czasie I wojny światowej

Author(s): Paweł Letko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 56/2019

Assyrians are one of the least known ancient Christian communities in the Middle East. In the years 1914–1918, the Turkish authorities, with the participation of Kurds, began mass deportations and physical liquidation of Christians – Armenians, Greeks and Assyrians. Until recently, the Assyrians were the most forgotten victims of this crime. In the collective memory of the Assyrians, the years of the First World War were inscribed as seyfo, which means a sword in Aramaic language. The term seyfo functions as a synonym of the holocaust of Assyrian Christians. The article is an attempt to depict the genocide committed on the Assyrians in 1914–1918, taking into account the military and political background and the role played by world powers in the described events. It shouldn’t be forgotten that the basic reason for the extermination of the Assyrians was their religion and the fact that despite the threat of losing their lives, they did not want to give up. At the beginning of the First World War in the Ottoman Empire, Christians made up about 1/3 of the population. As a result of the events described, Christian-Muslim Turkey has become an entirely Muslim country.

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Phobic Discourses of the Far Right. The Case of Volen Siderov

Author(s): Yannis Sygkelos / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2018

This article focuses on one of the factors that is conducive to the rise of the far right in current European societies: the articulation of phobic discourses. Far-right leadership has engaged in a systematic manipulation of phobias that lie in fears, anxieties, and discomfort towards the unknown and unfamiliar, omnipresent in our globalised world. This article investigates a set of phobic discourses articulated by the leader of the farright Bulgarian political party ATAKA, Volen Siderov, but not uncommon in other far-right parties. More specifically, it explores ethnophobia, implying that the nation is withering away and that the country is being transformed into a mere colony, focusing on the topoi of “treachery and disaster” and “threatened identity.” It then examines Islamophobia, encapsulating a fear of Islam and a fear of a threat from within, that is, the Muslim minority. Within this framework, the topoi of “perpetual cultural confrontation with Islam” and “religious terrorism” are analyzed. Last, it analyzes Romaphobia, denoting fear towards the marginalised group of Roma, and within this framework, the topoi of the “demographic explosion of Roma” and the “bad human capital.” Such phobic discourses are emphasised by the far right for electoral benefit.

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PRIJEVOD KUR'ANA OD MUSTAFE MLIVE U SVJETLU TEOLOŠKE KRITIKE

Author(s): Enver Ujkanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 85-86/2020

Proces prevođenja Kur’ana na južnoslovenskom jezičkom području u svojoj inicijalnoj fazi naišao je na snažan otpor ulemanskih krugova u Bosni i Hercegovini. O tome svjedoče njihove kritičke reakcije na prijevode Kur’ana od Ljubibratića (1895), Karabega (1937), Čauševića-Pandže (1937), koje su publicirane u listovima „Hikmet“ i „el-Hidaje“. Osporavanje legitimnosti samog čina prevođenja Kur'ana na bosanski jezik nije bilo bez osnove, ako se su uzmu u obzir društveno političke okolnosti u kojima su muslimani živjeli i njihovo strahovanje za očuvanje integriteta svog duhovnog bića. Pojavom prvog direktnog prijevoda Kur’ana sa arapskog jezika od strane Besima Korkuta (1977), taj se proces posebno intenzivirao disolucijom jugoslovenske države, tako da se u relativno kratkom vremenu javilo više prijevoda Kur’ana na bosanskom jeziku: Mustafa Mlivo (Bugojno, 1994); Enes Karić (Sarajevo, 1995); Esad Durakovića (Sarajevo, 2004). Za sve njih se može kazati da u vrijeme svog objavljivanja nisu naišli na pažnju naučne, stručne i kulrurne javnosti kakvu ovi prijevodi u pogledu prevodilačkog i kulturno-civilizacijskog značaja zašlužuju. U ovom radu posvetićemo se prijevodu Kur’ana od Mustafe Mlive, koji je slično prvim prijevodima izazvao reakciju teologa koju su popratili i pisani mediji islamske provenijencije. U cilju uočavanja prijevodnih razlika i evolucije prevodilačkog iskustva u prevođenju Kur'ana na bosanskom jeziku izložićemo neke primjere prijevodnih rješenja iz ovog prijevoda sa primjerima prijevoda Kur’ana od Korkuta kao prvog direktnog prijevoda Kur’ana sa arapskog jezika.

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O PRVIM IMAMIMA U BIHOR GRADU U XV I PRVOJ POLOVINI XVI VIJEKA

Author(s): Sait Š. Šabotić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 85-86/2020

U ovom radu, u istorijskom kontekstu, objašnjeno je ustanovljavanje službe imama u Bihor gradu. Tu službu ustanovila je osmanska vlast sa čijim učvršćivanjem i stabilizacijom u istoimenoj nahiji će ona uspjeti da se odomaći, razvije i unaprijedi. Djelovanje imama bilo je vezano za obredoslovlje, ali i za niz drugih poslova koji su bili u njihovoj nadležnosti. Važnu ulogu imami su imali i u procesu širenja islamskog učenja i religije uopšte. Bivajući u ulozi vjerskog vođe, oni su morali voditi računa o svojim stavovima, odlukama i interesima stanovništva sa kojim su stalno bili u kontaktu i koje su usmjeravali u njegovim stremljenjima. Upravo zato je na prvim imamima u Bihor gradu bila velika odgovornost. Od njihovog odgovornog pristupa sopstvenim obavezama, zavisilo je stvaranje pretpostavki za kulturno-vjerske uticaje Osmanske imperije koje je ona nastojala da ostvari na područjima u kojima je uspostavila svoj administrativno-činovnički aparat.

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FILM U KONTEKSTU TRADICIONALNIH OBITELJSKIH ODNOSA U DRUŠTVU

Author(s): Ajša Mevkić,Boris Balta,Srđan Vukadinović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2020

The article presents the sequence through which the film describes sequences of patriarchal paternity norms in BH society. One of the most impressive, if not the most powerful, media influencing media is film. Through its action, it enables the subject to identify with a given action template through moving images. Traditional family relationships, and above all those concerning paternity as an essential feature of patriarchy, the most iconic, and most conventional, can be interpreted and presented through film art. This is the typical context of the traditional model of society.

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The Extreme Right’s Relationship with Islam and Islamism in East-Central Europe: From Allies to Enemies

Author(s): Miroslav Mareš / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2014

This article analyses the attitudes of extreme right actors from countries of East-Central Europe towards Islam and Islamism. First the broad spectrum of these attitudes is described, using the historical legacy and an analysis of situation in Western countries as the points of departure. This is followed by a description and analysis of extreme right entities and currents in East-Central Europe which cooperate with Islamists or view Islam in a favourable light. The next section examines the attitude of the extreme right towards Baathism and Arab nationalism. The penultimate section describes actors who established their profile on anti-Islamist issues, and the conclusion provides an overall summary of the present situation as well as estimated perspectives of future development.

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Minarets after Marx. Islam, Communist Nostalgia, and the Common Good in Postsocialist Bulgaria

Author(s): Kristen Ghodsee / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2010

This article examines the interplay between communist nostalgia and new forms of universalist Islam among Slavic Muslims (Pomaks) in Bulgaria. Many Bulgarians are looking back to the totalitarian era with increasing fondness given the ubiquitous crime and corruption that has characterized the postsocialist era. This nostalgia also informs the changing nature of Islam in Bulgaria after 1989 and the unique ways that Bulgarians understand religious identity in relation to ethnic affiliation. The author argues that the appeal of “orthodox” Islam in this postsocialist context is at least partially rooted in its discursive emphasis on social justice and the promotion of the common good. This discourse is particularly appealing to the Pomaks in the author’s field site because of their unique experiences of both communism and capitalism. Before 1989, they saw a dramatic rise in their living standards, but this was coupled with severe religious oppression. After 1989, they gained unbridled religious freedoms but saw their communities economically devastated by the corrupt privatization and bankruptcy of the lead-zinc mining enterprise that was the core of their livelihood. To these Pomaks, “orthodox” Islam promises to be an ideological third way, combining the benefits of both systems: spiritual freedom and honest economic prosperity.

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Символічний зміст сакральних об’єктів світових релігій

Author(s): Оlha Zhovkva / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2020

Purpose of the article. The objective of the paper is to reveal the spiritual and religious content of the sacred constructions of world religions (Christianity, Islam, Judaism) in the context of canonical and sacred religious requirements. Methodology. It is based on the use of the method of on-site investigation of domestic and foreign sacred constructions and on the historical method, which allowed us to study the development process in historical context. With the help of the method of comparative analysis, special and common aspects of the space organization of the sacred constructions of world religions were determined. Scientific novelty. General features of the architecture of the Christian, Muslim and Jewish sacred buildings, as well as the semantic charge of their single forms and elements are determined from the point of view of religious sacred positions. Conclusions. Based on the historical and contemporary experience of designing and building of the Christian, Muslim and Jewish sacral buildings, general features of the architectural composition (space solutions), as well as the semantic charge of their architectural forms, deriving from religious dogmatics are determined.

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Dokumente për vakëfet / vakëfnametë në Arkivin e Kosovës

Author(s): Hatixhe Ahmedi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 1-2/2018

In the archives of Kosovo, in addition to the multitude of funds and other collections, there is also a collection of documents in the Ottoman language. These documents amount to nearly 3,000 and represent a fund of significant value to our past.Among these documents are two endowments: The endowment of Mehmed Pasha Kaçanik legalized in 1608, which is also the oldest document preserved in the Archives of Kosovo, and the Endowment of Beqirzade Hasan efendi son of Abdullah Sipahi legalized in 1918 for waqfs in the neighborhood IljasKuka in Prizren.In this collection there is also a large number of documents, mainly of the last years of the Ottoman administration in our country, which have to do with the revenues and expenditures of the waqfs of many institutions of the time, such as mosques, madrasas, etc., and which we think are of interest to be observed.On the other hand, one of the main tasks of the Kosovo Archive is to bring copies of documents related to the national history of Kosovo through foreign cooperation. In this regard, the Kosovo Archive has increased its funds by accessing the Turkish archives, bringing a significant number of endowments in digitized form related to our country. The above-mentioned original endowments will be considered in our paper.

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TRADICIJA UČENJA KUR’ANA NAPAMET U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI OD 1878. DO DANAS

Author(s): Salih Halilović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 80/2019

Since the arrival of Islam to Bosnia and Herzegovina in the fifteenth century, people of this country have, like in many other countries throughout the Islamic world, expressed their loyalty and devotion to the Islamic faith through learning the text of the Qur’an by heart and through the practicing its teachings in their everyday life. History and the oral tradition bear witness to a number of notable figures amongst the Bosnian u’lama, huffaz who left on Islamic heritage significant trail of our country. Islam and the love for the Qur’an have always played a special role in lives of Bosniaks. Even under the pressure of the ruling atheist regime of the former state there have always been a number of Bosniaks who memorised the Qur’an and who sought to spread the love of Islam and the Qur’an amongst their fellow countrymen. In the past three decades this trend has been strengthened resulting in fast growing number of people memorising the Qur’an and a significant rise in the progress thereof. Today in Bosnia and Herzegovina we have few hundreds of huffaz and that number is growing every day.

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DOPRINOS PROFESORA JUSUFA MULIĆA HISTORIJI MUSLIMANSKOG ŠKOLSTVA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI - PROFESOR DR. EMERITUS JUSUF MULIĆ (KONJIC,1933 - SARAJEVO, 2019)

Author(s): Mina Kujović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 80/2019

Lifetime endeavour of professor Dr. Jusuf Mulić can be divided into two major parts: the first (1959-1991) is related to his scholarly work in the field of micro-economics and the other refers to his work after his retirement from service in 1993, when he was devoted entirely to the research in the field of Bosnian and Herzegovinian history, his great passion since his early youth. Prof. Dr. Mulić made a significant contribution to our historiography in the period 2000- 2018, when he wrote The History of Konjic and its surrounding- from medieval ages to the World War II, The History of Herzegovina - through the medieval age to the Ottoman rule, the History of Muslim schooling from its beginning to the end of the first decade after the World War II when the government of that time issued a decree by which it banned activities of all religious schools. In this period he also published in magazines and newspapers a number of articles addressing various issues but he wrote mostly on historical topics. Thanks to extraordinary researching skill he was able to analyse abundance of the content of archived documents and other historiographies, take what is essential and present them to the reader, offering numerous pieces of information in a very comprehensible manner.

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