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UZBROJENIE ARMII PAŃSTW MUZUŁMAŃSKICH I ICH PRZEMYSŁ ZBROJENIOWY. CZĘŚĆ II – AZJA I BAŁKANY

Author(s): Piotr L. Wilczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2016

This is the second part of a review of equipment in hands of Muslim states armies. It includes the Muslim states of the Middle East, Turkestan and Southern Asia, as well as the Muslim states of the Balkans. This review should serve for future powernomics ratings and for creation of geopolitical scenarios. The information and data concerning Muslim states armies which are included in the paper, were supplemented by verified data on armament industries in these countries. In conclusion, after presentation of contemporary state of the military affairs the possible future scenarios and the future probable geopolitical interactions have been suggested. They were presented on both the civilizational level and the regional one.

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MUZUŁMANIE WE FRANCJI - WYBRANE ASPEKTY SPOŁECZNO-POLITYCZNE

Author(s): Stanisław Musiał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 08/2014

The purpose of this publication is to present selected socio-political issues related to the presence of Muslims in France and the specifics of the community of French ethnic background (European). To achieve this, the author analyzes the areas of settlement and housing French Muslims, the associated social pathologies, then presents the demographic structure and employment structure of the Muslim population, the problem of citizenship, electoral preferences and political activity, as well as against the minority Islamic natives. The final piece of the publication refers to the integration and assimilation policies pursued – often inconsistently – by the authorities against French Muslims, and in this context, the pursuit of that power to the Confidentiality of the constitutional principle of secularism of the French State.

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Muftijstvo i muftije u Livnu

Author(s): Elvir Duranović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 37/2016

At the time of Ottoman rule, Livno was an administrative center of the Klis Sanjak that had been established after invasion of Klis in 1537. Due to the proximity of an insecure border, a more significant development of Livno did not begin before mid-15th century. It lasted until a little before 1851. However, although the muftiship was active for two full centuries, we have so far identified only four muftis of Livno: Abdullah-effendi, Ibrahim- effendi Munib, Muhamed-effendi Karabegović, and Šakir-effendi Kuvidlić. The intention of this paper is to point out the specificity of muftiship in Livno and to present the existing data on the above mentioned muftis.

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The Acceptability of Tawarruq as a Product for Financing within the Islamic Banking System

Author(s): Ellida Fauziah Ahmad,Mariyam Shihama,NurSulaim Ashikin bt Mohamad Tarmizi,Saidu Mudi Jibril,Samia Ibrahim Djama,Aishath Muneeza / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Many discussions and studies have taken place regarding the permissibility of Tawarruq and ’Inah transactions. While Tawarruq is widely used in Malaysia and around the globe ’Inah has been declined by many Islamic banks operating in many jurisdictions. The purpose of this paper is to study the application of Tawarruq in the Malaysian Islamic banking system. For this purpose the paper will discuss the permissibility of Tawarruq transactions from viewpoint of classical and contemporary scholars and its application in other countries. The methodology used to conduct the study was qualitative; hence the data was collected from various documents and studies conducted by scholars. For this purpose a comprehensive study on Tawarruq was extracted from the Bank Negara guidelines and other various publications was made. The outcome of this research revealed that there are contradictory views on the usage of Tawarruq. While some jurists standby the view of its permissibility, others view it as an invalid product of Islamic banking. Furthermore, it was shown that limited studies have been conducted on the practice of Tawarruq in various Islamic financial Institutions and limited data was seen from the financial reports of the banks indicating the amount of Tawarruq usage.

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Sudan Academy for Banking and Financial Sciences and Its Vision As A Hub of Islamic Finance in Africa

Author(s): Magda Ismail Abdel Mohsin,Ishraga Khattab,Mhd Osama Alchaar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The practice of Islamic banking has become a fast growing and widespread phenomenon, not only in the Muslim countries, but also in the Non-Muslim countries too, such as UK, USA, Canada and Singapore. The transformation from a conventional form of banking to a banking system based on interest-free banks has generated a great deal of interest to call for Human Capital Development in the field to ensure sustainability, good performance and good competitive market in the Islamic financial industry. Even though Sudan is the pioneer in taking the initiative of Islamizing its financial industry since 1980s, yet we realized that other countries are taking the leading international and regional hub of Islamic finance such as Malaysia in the Asian region and UK in European countries, and recently Canada is also calling to become one of the hub of Islamic finance in the far west. Africa is also highly expected to host many Islamic financial institutions in the near future as there is a great demand for the Islamic financial products. This urged the authors to shed some light on the role of Sudan Academy for Banking and Financial Sciences and its vision to become a hub for Human Capital Development and in promoting Islamic Finance not only in the African region but also in the Arab countries too.

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“Faiths and Social cohesion” Establishing social participation with religious differences: local Muslim communities in Europe

Author(s): Altay Manço,Spyros Amoranitis / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2005

The action entitled “Faiths and Social Cohesion” the results of which are presented in this volume is supported by the European Commission Directorate- General for Employment and Social Affairs within the framework of the European Programme against discrimination and in favour of fundamental social rights and the civil society (Art 13 of the treaty of the Union). This is an action for identification, validation and transnational exchanges “good practices” and information against discrimination coordinated by the Institute for Research, Training and Action on Migrations (IRFAM). This action is carried out at the transnational level with six sets of partners hailing from various countries.

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Local actions: Out of the cellar and into the landscape park Challenges around relocalization of a mosque in Roubaix

Author(s): Omero Marongiu-Perria / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2005

The objective of the initiative launched in Roubaix within the framework of the network entitled “Faiths and Social cohesion”,aims to study the way in which the local governments manage religious diversity and in particular their links with the Muslim presence and its mosques. The method adopted, in agreement with the coordination of the network supported by the European Union, was to have only one case study, i.e. a municipality with a significant Muslim population and the presence of one or several mosques, to study transactions of various types between religious communities and local institutions, as well as to experiment with a role of facilitation in the framework of these relations.

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İsra suresi ahlak muhtevali ayetlerin belagat yönünden tahlili ve bunun Kuran irşadindaki tesiri

Author(s): Hamza Yildirim / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 33/2017

Presentation of the Qur’an moral principles differ from other religious texts. The prophet Hz. Muhammed was a prophet who has in most believer nations between prophets. That shows that in most nation to have the setup people easily can understand the language style, equipped with the new menu and scientific literary declaration is in accordance with the capacity to understand the interlocutor. It took 23-year long period of Prophets life while Qur’an became a book. While all kinds of people think the solution to religious and moral issues that have an impact power reminiscent of verbal communication. The morality of-contents Surat Isra verses in the Torah and the Commandments were compared in terms of content and style and the influence of the Qur’an are discussed various aspects of enlightenment. In addition, the enlightenment can affect people at a time when the style was at its peak Ignorance of Arabic poetry has provided successful.

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Radical Islam – infectious fear and cultural immunological reactions

Author(s): Jacek Zydorowicz / Language(s): English Issue: 41/2016

Globalization is often treated as a catch-all category, which is a universal frame of reference in the discourse of the humanities, social studies, but also economic, political, and many other fields. Depending on the perspective, some evaluate it very positively, recognizing the benefits; others,on the contrary, point out the threats, and undesirable side effects. Meanwhile, in the reflection on religions, globalization launches a range of fears and concerns (more or less openly articulated). The unquestionable ally of this phenomenon is the modern media, whose tabloid nature is more emotional than rational. Religious conflicts are often overexposed, which, in turn, accelerates tension and social phobias. Both the mainstream media and the propaganda of the Islamic State are trying to imitate the rhetoric known from the movies at the cinema. As a result, by such pop-culture cliches the Western world interprets the influx of Syrian refugees as a cultural invasion (or a religious crusade). This creates a situation of a widespread infection of fear, which triggers the cultural immune responses: rationalizations, denial, conspiracy theories, humor and aggression. Visual artists propose quite a different repertoire of resistance tactics.

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Potomstvo u kršćanskim raspravama protiv judaizma i islama

Author(s): Irven M. Resnick / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01/1998

Opće je mjesto danas opisivati judaizam, kršćanstvo i islam kao srodne religije kojima je zajedničko porijeklo od praoca Abrahama. Sljedbenici svake od ove tri velike monotoeističke tradicije odista sebe vide kao djecu Abrahamovu i, shodno tomu, kao djecu Abrahamovog Boga. Takva prava na naslijeđe ipak su rijetko dovodila do obiteljske ljubavi i poštovanja a jedna zajednica često nije priznavala pravo koje je na naslijeđe polagala druga. Napravit ću kratak pregled polemičkih slučajeva prisvajanja potomstva u srednjevjekovnim kršćanskim tekstovima u kojima su kršćanska prisvajanja Abrahamovog potomstva bila karakteristično iskorištena za taktiku isključivanja i odbacivanja smišljenih radi odbacivanja Zidova i Muslimana kao "lažne braće".

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Çukurova ve Kıbrıs Halk Kültüründe Ölümü Algılama

Author(s): Erman Artun / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 85/2016

The notion of death is one of the themes which are handled in literature. Death is handled with the Sufi’s perception and according to Sufi’s ideas soul immortality and eternity are the infrastructure of the notion of death. What people do in the world in which people live in, we are responsible for them in future life. People believe that they will face their sins or good deeds in the future life. Meaning of death is not end of everything. Death is not dark and unbeknown. On the contrary, death is the second life for people. The real existence is soul and soul is immortal but body is mortal. In their poems which are related with death and grave, Minstrel advices that people should obey to Islamic rules. Meanwhile minstrels tell us life is temporary at the same time they tell people the way of eternal happiness. Minstrels’ religious knowledge is smattering. Although they are religious, they are bigoted. They discuss the god, prophets and clergymen in their poems. Death is not a terrible situation. Each living being will face the fact of death in minstrels’ poems. Religious information reflects minstrels’ tradition. According to Minstrels death is a faith and god has absolute dominance on the universe. People cannot do anything against the dominance of god. In Çukurova’s and Cyprus’s folk culture, there are a vast number of mistrials’ poems and laments which emphasize death and some effects of death. Moreover, traditions, believes, practises which are mentioned death and some effects of death shed light on people’s thoughts, reflections and behaviours.

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Nasilno pokrštavanje muslimana u vasojevićkoj nahiji 1858. godine

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Nasilno pokrštavanje muslimana u vasojevićkoj nahiji 1858. godine

Author(s): Admir Adrović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 69-70/2016

U Osmanskom arhivu Vlade Republike Turske, u fondu Hariciye Nezareti, podfondu Londra Sefareti, u dosijeu broj 40 i u fascikli pod brojem 6 nalaze se dokumenta o nasilnom pokrštavanju 23 muslimanske porodice u vasojevićkoj nahiji, u selima Ržanica, Goražde i Bohodoula?.1 Fascikla sadrži izvještaje na osmansko-turskom jeziku kao i njihovi prevodi na engleskom i francuskom. Pet je dokumenata pisanih arapskim pismom, a osmansko-turskim jezikom. Pismo je osmanska rik’a, mastilo crno, papir je polužut, a manuskript je dobro očuvan.

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Siyasal İslamciliğin Alternatif Söylemi Moderniteden Azade Midir? - Ya Da Tarihsel İslam Moderniteyi Aşkin Midir?-

Author(s): Ernur Genç / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 75/2013

When we look at the prevailing retoric of fundamentalist islamic ideologies and political islam, the argument that islam is not a religion which only regulates single muslim subject’s life but has a total claim to regulate whole (e.g. political, economic and legal) area of social life. The reinterpretation and rebuilding of İslam in modern period make it not only a religion but also an ideology. The intellectuel actors of islamic ideology treat this ideology, which is called as political islam, as a holist, universal, trans-historical and esseantialist system. According to this lineer, progressive, secular or semi-secular understanding, İslam is a religion which will create in the future a civilisation born out of its fundamental roots; moreover, it is totally different from modernity and capitalism and the only alternative system to them. The opposite arguments suggest that political İslam is a product of specific historical conditions and processes, and it is a opposition within the system just like other intra-system socio-political movements. Thus, while the retoric of political İslam and islamic movements transform themselves according to their own historical, social and conjunctural conditions, they become important instruments for reproducing and retrasforming the existing system in itself. This study examines the arguments mentioned above in the context of the relationship of political İslam and modernity and the conditions in which islamic movements and political İslam have emerged and transformed itself.

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Popüler İslami Yazında Kadın Bedeni: Kadınlara Anlatılan “Fitne”

Author(s): Hülya Doğan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 69/2012

They are the the books called “Ilmihal for Women” what is meant by Popular Islamic Literature. Ilmihals are the books that teach the requirements to be a Muslim, help Muslim women to solve some problems seen in everyday life pursuant to Quran. In this article, popular two of them were critically analysed within the context of “body” problem in comparison with feminist waves’ looking at body of woman. This comparison was inevitable, because these religion-centered books are also constructing their discourse against feminist theory. However, public-private space duality is still effective in Turkey in organizing roles of sexualities. When an unactualized discourse of religious frame enriches a public place which belongs to men, women get a problematic role that called “fitne” (instigation) there. Every woman is seen as a potential danger that threats this order. Body of woman, as an expression of her nature, is the main symbol which is used to naturalize this religious discourse. Constricting the space for woman is getting normal because of the “necessity” to control her body. Reproduction of this frame with the conservative ferment of populer culture doesn’t give a chance for breathing to woman without accepting her secondary position. In this article, the sources which normalize this problem with using the body of woman are being exposed.

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Yezidi Ve Alevi Ortak Mitosları

Author(s): Ç. Ceyhan Suvari / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 61/2010

In practice, the sect of Alevism and the religion of Yezidism are known different from each other. Lots of researches have been done about both beliefs and theses have been prepared about them. Different views both on Alevism and Yezidism are put forward in those studies. For instance, in studies done on Yezidis, the Yezidism is defined as different opposing perspectives such as a deviation formed by the superstitions of illiterate, atheistic, satan-worshippers and a converted sect from Islam religion and a continuation of Zarathostrianism, and an old Turkish belief originated from Central Asia and a combination of various religions. Similarly, in studies done in connection with the Alevis, the Alevism is defined as a belief of Central Asia origin and a compromise of Shamanism and Islam and a continuation old Persian religions and a continuation of antique Anatolian beliefs and a sect of Islam and a non Islamic belief etc. Yet none of these studies touch on the common points of heterodoxal beliefs like Yezidism and Alevism. In addition to the existing chaos in the definition, when these two beliefs are compared, both in theory and practice, surprising similarities are observed between each other. When looked at their historical backgrounds, we see that both of them in fact are fed by the same source. Here the same source mentioned is sufism for sure. From the early years of Islam religion sufistic movements spreading in a wide geographical area from Middle East and Iran to Anatolia and Balkans have been accepted among the non Arabic communities in Islam through the leadership of mystical disciples called sheiks, masters and dervishes, on the other hand these movements have laid a firm ground for a wide variety of sects in Islam religion since the Islam religion has faced with the different beliefs and then combined with them. Anatolia has provided contribution to this process both as a source and a gateway. Even today Anatolia housing many cultures and beliefs has maintained its historical mission. Though these cultures look different in form, they create a synthesis of a common share in content. Moreover, as will be seen later in the Alevi and Yezidi miths, this sharing / similarity appears not only in materialistic and formal way but also in communal memory. Consequently, in this geography none of these cultural identities and beliefs are discrete and unfamiliar but a synthesis of a common culture formed and shared together.

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Disraeli’s Orientalism Reconsidered

Author(s): Miloš O. Ković / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

In his influential Orientalism Edward Said placed British statesman and writer Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881) in the long line of the Western writers who cultivated particular stereotypes about the Muslim East, with the hidden intention of imperial subjugation. On the other side, Said’s critics Patrick Brantlinger and Mark Proudman asserted that Disraeli was not an Orientalist, but rather an admirer of the Arabic and Ottoman civilizations and determined defender of the Ottoman Empire. However, Disraeli’s novels, correspondence and his policy in the Great Eastern Crisis give more complex evidence, which does not support any of these views. Th is paper emphasises the point that during his long career Disraeli was changing his views of the Turks and the Ottoman Empire, which even Patrick Brantlinger’s balanced approach to the issue of Disraeli’s Orientalism misses.

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Cultural Diplomacy in Action: The United States’ Export of Hip Hop to the Muslim World

Author(s): Luka Glušac / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Among its other manifestations, the globalization has brought unparalleled development of the music platforms, logistically supported by the widespreadness of Internet. Th is article elaborates on the specific type of music- based diplomacy: hip hop diplomacy. After placing in the theoretical and practical context, the author analyzes the usage of hip hop diplomacy by the United States, particularly, in the Muslim world. I argue that while hip hop diplomacy seems to be a smart ‘new edition’ to the US cultural diplomacy portfolio, it suffers from the same systemic paradox as its Cold War’s predecessor - jazz diplomacy.

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Утицај религије на социјалну политику у европској унији

Author(s): Dragoslav Kočović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2011

In the post- war period (since the middle of the XX century), the European territory has been covered by dynamic and very comprehensive changes in all spheres of social life. The paper shows dilemmas through which the EU has passed in terms of determination of the status of religion in this territory. Namely, there were some discussions on whether Christianity as the dominant religion in Europe should be the official religion of the Union or not. The opinions were divided, but the attitude that religious affiliation is a personal thing of each individual prevailed, which means that everyone has the right and freedom to change their religious affiliation. It is certain that the creators of the European model of uniting countries had in mind the significance of religious tolerance and free choice of believers as an essential factor of peaceful and stable development in the territory of the European Union.

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OSMAN-KAPETANOVA MEDRESA I NJEN ZNAČAJ ZA KADILUK GRAČANICA U PERIODU OD 1800. DO 1945. GODINE

Author(s): Mersed Šabanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 69/2017

Osman-kapetan’s Madrasa had been functional in Gračanaci in different forms in the throughout from 1800 to 1945. This madrasa was the main religious educational institution of this area. It was an institution that educated a great number of students and was the local centre of religion and culture. It was founded by Osman- kapetan Gradaščević, father of well-known Hussain – kapetan Gradaščević. Osman – kapetan left a significant endowment that secured functioning of this madrasa until the day it was closed. Osman – kapetan’s madrasa shared the faith of all the madrasa’s in Bosnia and Herzegovina of that time. All the reforms that were carried out in all the other madrasa also took place in Osman –kapetan’s madrasa. Reforms were aiming to improve the standards of learning and teaching following the contemporary trends in education. Students of madrasa were prepared for religious service as imams or mua’llims. The education of graduates from this madrasa was of high standards and they were competent to continue their studies at the higher educational institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Istambul. A great number of it’s graduates were employed as mudarris, qadies, muftis, Sharia judges, and some were engaged in craftsmanship or agriculture. Many of these came to be very prominent muderris (lecturers), but all have left a lasting trace upon the work of this institution. Respecting the sanctity and the authority of a teacher’s vocation they worked hard and endeavoured to offer the high quality knowledge enabling their students for religious service and further education. Madrasa in Gračanica had fulfilled the aim and the goal that were set by its founder and waqif. It is a symbol and pride of the entire area.

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System bezpieczeństwa państwa wobec współczesnych zagrożeń cywilizacyjnych

Author(s): Zbigniew Kuźniar,Krzysztof Świderski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2017

The second decade of the 21st century is a period of ones of the greatest threats to the contemporary civilization. After the September 11 attack on the World Trade Center we are in the state of the permanent threat and the state of the war on terror. A migration of the population from the states of the Middle East and north Africa is one of the greatest contemporary threats particularly to the European countries. The article describes contemporary threats from the migration of the Muslim population through terrorist attacks, until the drug trafficking. The threats that constitute simultaneously the biggest global challenge for the security system of Europe were also presented. Moreover, the security system of the Republic of Poland drawn up in 2014 in the Safety Strategy of the Republic of Poland whose task is to regulate the system organization as well as to deal with the contemporary challenges and threats was described.

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