Sufism in the Spiritual and Cultural History of Islam

Author(s): Amina Aliyeva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Spread around the world due to its variety and presence of various scientific, cultural and philosophical movements since the Islamic revival Islamic culture laid the foundation for many new directions of human development and enriched its spiritual and cultural heritage. From this point of view in nowadays Sufism has got a great importance and carefully studied. The author notes that the concepts of Sufis of the early tasawwuf period Bayazed Bistami and Junade Baghdadi were systematized later in a more perfect form by Imam Ghazali and Seyyid Yahya Bakuvi. One of the most important persons in the history of Sufism was ibn Arabi, the follower of the era after Gazali and the creator of the philosophical tasawwuf.The author emphasizes that the theory of wahdati-wujud created by Gazali left a deep mark on the world philosophical heritage and became the basic of the great Tasawwuf tradition (Morewedge 1995).According to researches Khalwatiyya created by Bakuvi (died in 1463/1464) in Azerbaijan and widely spread in many countries is one of the most important movements in Islam. Bakuvi was a student and follower of the first founder of this movement Omar al Khalvati Shirvani known as Piri-Avvali.

ОСНОВНІ НАПРЯМИ КОМУНІКАТИВНОГО ДИНАМІЗМУ У ПРОСТОРІ РЕЛІГІЙНОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ

Author(s): Olena Klymentova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2019

The features of the modern situation in Ukraine demonstrate a growth of the interest in the phenomenon of the linguistic programming of personality, which is correlated to the media, political and religious influences simultaneously. The article is devoted to the categories of communicative ethics and responsibility in the religious discourse. The main directions of renovation of religious communication in Ukraine have been stated. The effects of communicative dynamism are corresponded to the political, marketing, social functions and are represented by the religious advertisement, religious branding, religious tourism, religious naming, media activity of the Orthodox and proselyte religious groups, the different types of convergence with political values. The objects of the research are the hidden aspects of verbal religious communication. The subject of the article is renovating communicative status of religious texts. The tasks are the following: to analyze the innovative forms of communicative interactions in the modern Ukrainian religious discourse. The methodology of the research is based on the current approaches to scientific studying of linguistic suggestion. I use discourse analysis (critical) for the science qualification of interactional aspects, sociopsychological and sociocognitive characteristics, frameworks and contexts. In religious discourse, text representation has some characteristics of the independent semantic field, but in a communicative process a religious text can acquire the forms of power and control, which are used by the religious leaders and institutions. Therefore, the use of mass media channels for retranslation of religious ideas, in which the media literacy is ignored, promotes the growth of all types of verbal manipulation. In Ukraine the present-day informational situation is determined by the needs of popularisation of knowledge about existing manipulative technologies and linguistic manipulative techniques, in particular.

ИЗТОКЪТ И „СТРАШНИЯТ СЪД“ В БЪЛГАРСКОТО ПРАВОСЛАВНО ИЗКУСТВО

Author(s): Zhana Pencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The paper deals with two similar symbols – “The Judgment of the Soul” in the art of Ancient Egypt and “Weighing the Souls” from the scene “The Last Judgment” in the Bulgarian Orthodox art. They are part of the eschatological understanding of the afterlife. These symbols were analyzed and the paths of their movement were traced. The visual image of the supreme check of every deceased is the weighing of the heart and the judgment of God Osiris. It is related to spell 125 of the Book of the Dead. The article analyzes the iconography of this scene, which was widely used during the New Kingdom in Ancient Egypt. The “Judgment of the soul” of Ancient Egypt was probably transmitted by the Jews in Asia, and later entered the Christian iconography of the composition “The Last Judgment”. The formation of the iconographic image type in Byzantine and Western European art was traced. During the Bulgarian Renaissance, “Weighing of Souls” became a major motif and was interpreted by a number of painters in Southwestern Bulgaria. Images in the temples of Blagoevgrad, Rila, Bistritsa, Selishte, Dobarsko, Teshovo, Zlatolist, Dolen and others have been preserved. The analysis of the iconographic images makes it possible to summarize the results which show a number of similar elements in the two scenes. Such are the holy characters God Anubis and Archangel Michael, the two exits for the soul of man - eternal life or eternal torment. The long life of the symbol under consideration leads to the conclusion about the continuity of the moral evaluation of human earthly affairs.

Relationship Between Religion and Health on the Topic of Euthanasia

Author(s): Yana Fileva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In 1963 Michel Foucault writes that his book “The Birth of the Clinic” is about space, language, and death, about perception. There is a shift of societal problems to the field of medicine, in other words, modernity formulates some social problems through medical categories. But in fact, questions that seem purely medical are often a product of social factors. In society, medicine is a conservative force that maintains the status quo and distracts from major threats to human health. The growth of individualism, the desire for autonomy, and the decline of religiosity allow discussions around death, tolerance of mystery, and euthanasia. For example, in Canada, 2021 marks five full years of access to medical assistance in dying. In 2021, there were 10 064 cases, bringing the total number to 31 664. Annual growth continues to increase steadily each year. Are the major religions capable of facing that challenge?

Relația dintre predarea teologiei și practica religioasă la creștinii siro-orientali din Qatar (secolele VI-VII)

Author(s): Martin Tamcke / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

Sistemul lecturilor biblice în Săptămâna Luminată. Tradiția ierusalimiteană versus ritul actual

Author(s): Dorneanul Damaschin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

The present study proposed an analysis of the current system of biblical readings beginning with the Liturgy of Resurrection Sunday and continuing until the Saturday of this first Easter week. He tries to overcome the possible arid character, given by a fixed ʻmathematicsʼ of establishing the order, the inversions or the omission of the passages from the books chosen to be read now, by identifying some theological and hermeneutical reasons that eliminate the suspicion of possible chance to be spotted at a very superficial glance. The second part of the study will present a synthetic comparison of the present system of readings with that of Jerusalem of the 4th-8th centuries, accompanied by the establishment of correspondences/divergences and possible conclusions that may result from this brief synoptic appearance.

Mitropolitul Bartolomeu Anania – pedagogul Dumnezeieștii Scripturi

Author(s): Bogdan Lupăştean-Barfă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

ʻLife beats the movie’. With this expression we could also describe the passage through the life of Metropolitan Bartolomeu Valeriu Anania, which constitutes a veritable pedagogic manual, from which lesson after lesson can be extracted at any time, applicable to our daily experiences. Even if he was not a pedagogue in the true sense of the word (pedagogical writings, catechesis or a long career in the service of the ʻchair’ etc.), the experience of his tumultuous life, his literary and theological work places him in the long line of Romanian Christian pedagogic catechists- orthodox. The first part of the present study tries to present his biography, along with his fundamental work, namely, the translation of the Holy Scriptures and the provision of annotations necessary for its understanding. What concerned us was the development of biblical hermeneutic principles, starting from two passages, namely Psalm 142 and John 10:1-18. With the hope that we have succeeded in reactivating the interest in reading and why not, the careful analysis of the text of the Holy Scripture in a pedagogical key, translated, diortosite and annotated by father Bartolomeu Anania, by highlighting some obvious improvements of Psalm 142 and of the scriptural passage (Jh. 10:1-18), we express our fully justified desire that the ʻold man from Ostean’ be disturbed in the Reavan soil under the sole of the Cluj Cathedral and in the studies that will follow, because we all have something to learn from him.

Sf. Efrem Sirul, La cuvântul pe care Domnul l-a spus că „în lumea aceasta necazuri veţi avea”. Despre cum trebuie să fie omul desăvârşit

Author(s): / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

SĂ NE CUNOAȘTEM PROFESORII. PĂRINTELE CONF. UNIV. DR. CONSTANTIN JINGA

Author(s): MARIUS-ILIE ȘTEFĂNESCU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

The study of the Old Testament and the Holy Scripture, generally speaking, is fundamental for a theology student. It is no coincidence that the study of the Old and New Testament is included in the first two years of studies, because the Bible represents the basis of the entire theological education. We could even say that almost all other disciplines studied are just commentaries on the biblical corpus, they are just efforts to better understand and fulfill the word of the Holy Scripture

COMORI DIN BIBLIOTECA NOASTRĂ

Author(s): RĂZVAN POPA / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 29/2023

The year 2023 is the 'Commemorative Year of Pastoral Care for the Elderly' and the 'Commemorative Year of Hymnographers and Church Singers (Psalters)', therefore pastoral care is one of the key words characterizing the activities of the Romanian Orthodox Church during this period. Thus, in this issue of Theologos magazine, we propose three volumes from our library, which, to spark a little curiosity, we will present in this key of pastoral care, a perspective perhaps a little different from what the authors of two of them had in mind as the main theme of their works. We will start with the basics, so to speak, namely with the Pastoral Theology of Archimandrite Melchisedec Ștefănescu (written in 1862, republished in 2011), after which we will see concrete examples of pastoral care in My Vision of the Being and Calling of the Priesthood, by Fr. Marcu Toma and On Mission in the Land of the Vikings, by His Grace Macarie, Bishop of the Romanians in Northern Europe.

Spuścizna archiwalna archidiecezji lwowskiej i diecezji przemyskiej obrządku łacińskiego w państwowych instytucjach Zachodniej Ukrainy po 1946 r.

Author(s): Józef Wołczański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 45/2024

The Second World War brought the complete annihilation of the administrative structures of the Archdiocese of Lviv and the eastern decanates of the Diocese of Przemyśl of the Latin Rite in the post-war area of the Soviet Union. As part of the evacuation of the former institution to Poland in 1946, the vast majority of the resources of the Archdiocesan Archives in Lwów were saved. However, a certain amount of archival material remained in situ.The Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Lviv contains the following ensembles: Roman Catholic Metropolitan Consistory in Lviv 1790-1939, fond 618, op. 1; Roman Catholic Metropolitan Consistory in Lviv 1361-1948 – Metrical Books 1600-1948, fond 618, description 2; Roman Catholic Metropolitan Curia in Lviv until 1939, fond 831, description 1; Roman Catholic Theological Seminary in Lviv 1790-1939, fond 832, no. 1; Roman Catholic Metropolitan Chapter in Lviv 1417-1939, fond 197, description 1; Roman Catholic Metropolitan Chapter in Lviv 1429-1939, fond 197, description 2. In addition, noteworthy is the Roman Catholic Decanal Office in Zhovkva for the 15th-20th centuries, fond 778, description 1; Roman Catholic Parish Office in Gliniany 1397-1939, fond 815, description 1; and Roman Catholic Parish Office in Yavoriv 1454-1939, fond 127, description 1.The holdings of the State Registry of Civil Status Records of the Lviv region in Lviv hold the metric books of the Roman Catholic parishes of the Lviv archdiocese and the Przemyśl diocese within the borders of present-day Ukraine. The State Regional Archive in Ivano-Frankivsk holds metrics books from the area of the former Stanislavl Province (now Ivano-Frankivsk), produced by parishes of the Lviv Archdiocese. The State Regional Archive in Ternopil has analogous source materials of parishes from the former Ternopil province, also included in the administrative structure of the local Church of Lviv.

Ks. Jan Brandys (1886-1970) – sylwetka duszpasterza polonijnego

Author(s): ks. Daniel Tomasik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 45/2024

Jan Brandys was born on November 13, 1886 in Pawłowice-Debina, near Pszczyna in Upper Silesia. In the years 1908-1912 he studied at the Faculty of Theology of the University of Wrocław. He was ordained a priest on 22nd June 1912. He worked in several parishes of the Katowice diocese. In 1918 he was appointed military chaplain. He fought in the first and third Silesian Uprising. He took part in the Polish-Bolshevik war in 1920. He was heavily involved in the plebiscite that took place in 1921 in Upper Silesia. After the end of the plebiscite in December 1922, he took over the office of parish priest in Brzeziny Śląskie, and from October 1933 he became parish priest of St. Barbara in Chorzów. After the outbreak of World War II, he evacuated to save his life and headed towards Romania. Through Romania, Yugoslavia and Italy he reached France. In 1940, he became the Head of Chaplaincy of the Carpathian Rifle Brigade in Syria, and in 1941, he became the Head of Chaplaincy of the entire Polish Army in the Middle East. He stayed in the Middle East until 1947. He then settled in Great Britain in London, where he lived for the rest of his life. He became deeply involved in the pastoral, social and political life of Polish emigration. He held offices in the National Council, the Christian Democratic Club, the Association of Polish Priests in Great Britain, the Foreign Affairs, Culture and Education Committee, the Military Commission, the National Treasury, the Court of Honor, and the Special Commission. He was Dean of the London Deanery. He died on February 27th 1970 in London. The funeral took place on 5th of March the same year. He was buried in the cemetery of St. Patrick in Leytonstone, London.

Ojciec Grzegorz Cioroch OFMConv (1962-2004). Polak na rosyjskiej ziemi w służbie odrodzenia katolickiego języka rosyjskiego

Author(s): Małgorzata Wideł-Ignaszczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 45/2024

This article presents a short biography of the Polish Franciscan Friar Grzegorz Cioroch, OFM Conv (1962-2004), whose figure is linked to the concern for the development of Catholicism in Russia. He died tragically near Kobryn in Belarus. Frair Cioroch spread his care for the Polish community in Moscow, attracting numerous vocations. He was the first Custos of the Franciscan Russian Custody, a great missionary to Russia, where from the early 1990s, with the support of Archbishop Tadeusz Kondrusiewicz, he co-founded the first Catholic seminary ‘Mary Queen of Apostles’. He played an important role in the recovery of the cathedral in Moscow. He also had impressive merits in the field of publishing and in the development of the Catholic Russian language. At that time, the Polish language was not always understood by the descendants of Poles in Russia, so the need arose to provide religious, liturgical and theological literature in Russian. The friar founded the Catholic Franciscan Publishing House in Moscow in 1994. Thanks to his efforts, work began on the editing of the five-volume russian Catholic Encyclopaedia, edited in close collaboration with foreign scholars, including those from Poland. In the process of compiling this work and translating, among other things, the Roman Missal and the Breviary, a normativisation of the Catholic religious language in Russia was taking place.

„Kauza Dechet” očami Svätej stolice

Author(s): Emília Hrabovec / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2024

One of the most radical interventions of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia against the Catholic Church was the forcible installation of the administrator Jan Dechet in the Banska Bystrica diocese after the death of Bishop Andrej Škrabik, and later his staged election as Vicar Capitular. Its aim was to break the unity of the Church, to create within its ranks collaborating groups of “patriotic priests” and thus to dominate the Church not only by external violent means, but also from within. Previous historical reflection on these events has been limited to the reconstruction of Church-State relations on the basis of domestic historical sources. The present study, based on recently released Vatican documents from the pontificate of Pius XII, puts the events into an international context and analyses for the first time the attitude of the Holy See towards the draconian intervention of the communist state, which unfolded in a field of tension between, on the one hand, a resolute rejection of communism and its encroachments on the freedom of the Church and an international anticommunist mobilisation, and, on the other hand, an attempt, at least in part, to reorganise and tolerate the situation, and, through a series of extraordinary measures and faculties, to allow for the proper administration of the diocese and the running of ecclesiastical life.

Géohistoire du christianisme en Chine: le cas du village tibétain catholique de Cizhong et de son vignoble (Yunnan septentrional) (I)

Author(s): Guillaume Giroir / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2023

A number of publications have been devoted to the history of Christianity in China (Jacques Gernet, 1982). One of the main sources of information on the history of Catholicism in China is the Agence d’information des Missions Étrangères de Paris (MEP), Églises d’Asie (Paris Foreign Missions Information Agency), Churches of Asia. Unusually, the approach in the present study is intended to be different, both hybrid and interdisciplinary: it relates to religious history, development economics, historical geography and agrarian geography, and in particular wine study; it also includes elements of cultural geopolitics. This study is presented in two complementary parts. Part I represents a general perspective on the specific modalities of diffusion of Christianity in China since the origins. Part II presents a case study centered on the Tibetan Catholic village of Cizhong (茨中; Cízhōng, Tsé-Tchong or Tse-Zhong, Tsedro, ཊསེ་ཌྲོ, in Tibetan) based on field surveys carried out in August 2016. Thus, Part I traces the eclipsed history of Christianity (mainly Catholicism) in China from the origins to the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Divided into four periods (Antiquity, Middle Ages, Modern era and 19th -20th centuries), it provides a convenient synthesis and long-term contextualization of the particular case of Cizhong. It helps explain the singular and surprising presence of a Catholic church in a very mountainous and isolated area of interior China and in an ethnically Tibetan, traditionally Buddhist territory.

„Pogaństwo” jako panaceum na przezwyciężenie kryzysu kultury europejskiej. Przypadek Nowej Prawicy Alaina de Benoist

Author(s): Paweł Bielawski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The topic of the article is the concept of “paganism” in Alain de Benoit’s New Right. In the French thinker’s opinion Europe is in a state of a cultural crisis. He believes that Christianity is the greatest disaster in Europe’s entire history as it has alienated the European peoples from their native, pagan spirituality. He states that only a renewed discovery of Europe’s religious roots could enable the overcoming of the current cultural crisis.

Przynależność bez wiary? Bułgarska tożsamość prawosławna a literaturoznawstwo

Author(s): Ewelina Drzewiecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

The aim of the paper is an attempt to problematise the concept of Bulgarian Orthodox identity in relation to the national “great narrative” and the role of literature and literary studies, and as a result, to go beyond the traditional research approach to the notion of Bulgarian religiosity. Two observations serve as a starting point: 1) the idea of religion / religiosity is one of the main themes of the discourse of the national elite; 2) Bulgarians commonly declare attachment to the Orthodox tradition, but the percentage of believers is low; therefore, the sociological conceptualisations based on the famous phrase “believing without belonging” (G. Davie) seem accurate. The paper raises the question of the ideological foundations of perceiving and explaining religious phenomena in Bulgaria, and the emphasis is on the local meaning of the religious and its crypto-theological entanglements as captured and manifested in local literary studies.

Nihontō i shintō

Author(s): Joanna Katarzyna Puchalska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

The article focuses on the presence of elements derived from Japan’s native religion, shintō, visible in contexts referring to Japanese swords, nihontō. The text briefly discusses the idea of kami in Shintoism and touches on mythological stories about Japanese deities in which the sword plays an important role, and then describes Japanese edged weapons, focusing on swords of the feudal era. Subsequently, the author pays attention to the process of forging the blade, the work of blacksmiths, and beliefs regarding Japanese swords, including the custom of offering nihontō to the gods. The final paragraphs are devoted to martial arts and etiquette associated with weapons in Japan.

ЈЕРОТИЋ И РЕЛИГИЈА - Поводом стогодишњице рођења Владете Јеротића (1924-2024)

Author(s): Bojan Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 42/2024

Поводом стогодишњице рођења Владете Јеротића (1924-2024). Рођен у патријархалној религиозној српској породици и крштен према православном обреду, Владета Јеротић је одрастао као хришћански верник који је нашао плодове свог боготражења. Религијски утемељен у православљу, доживео је рано и непосредно искуство духовног откровења које је као искуство било битно за формирање његовог религијског идентитета1 . Овај индивидуалнопсихолошки контекст био је од пресудног значаја да религија у његовом потоњем развоју, стручном усавршавању и ширењу сазнајних видика добија посебан значај.

ПСАЛМИ ДАВИДОВИ ПОПУТ СРБСКИЈЕХ НАРОДНИЈЕХ ПЈЕСАМÂ, СПЈЕВАО ИХ ПО СВЕТОМЕ ПИСМУ ОГЊЕСЛАВ УТЈЕШЕНОВИЋ – ОСТРОЖИНСКИ

Author(s): Veljko Birač / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 42/2024

Књига која ће се наћи пред читаоцима је својеврстан покушај приређивача1 да од заборава отргне један (забораву предат) бисер библијског преводилаштва и српске књижевности деветнаестог века. Псалми Давидови попут србскијех епскијех пјесамâ Огњеслава Утјешеновића Острожинског представљају изванредан преводилачки и песнички захват. Реч је о преводу/препеву псалтира у српском епском десетерцу