Chrześcijanin bez Boga. Teologia polityczna Pierre’a Bourdieu

Author(s): Michał Łuczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/2015

Pierre Bourdieu jest teologiem, teologiem politycznym. Jednymz najważniejszych źródeł (choć ukrytym) myśli autora Reprodukcji jestklasyczne dzieło Ernsta Kantorowicza Dwa ciała króla. Studium ze średniowiecznej teologii politycznej. Konstruując jedną z najbardziej wpływowychteorii społecznych XX wieku, francuski badacz czerpie pełnymi garściamiz religijnych metafor i pojęć. Stanowią one nie tyle retoryczny ornament,lecz także istotę jego myśli. Należy poważnie potraktować deklaracjęBourdieu, że jest uczniem Pascala, „pascalianinem” ( pascalien).Istnieje bowiem głęboka racja, że antyklerykał i ateista opowiada się zanajwiększym apologetą chrześcijaństwa. Otóż podziela on wizję Pascalaz jednym ważnym zastrzeżeniem. Deus absconditus Pascala, który ma nasuwolnić od nędzy świata, zostaje zakwestionowany, a cechy Boga jakowszechmocnego stwórcy i prawodawcy przechodzą na Państwo i naukę.W ten sposób Państwo zaczyna przypominać demiurga, Boga zła. PonieważBourdieu nie wierzy w religijne drogi emancypacji spod władzy Państwa, emancypacja jako taka staje pod znakiem zapytania. Francuskisocjolog znajduje jednak dwie wysoce ryzykowne drogi wyjścia: wiedzęi miłość. Emancypacja rozpoczyna się od wycofania się ze świata – odzmiany samego siebie, która jest warunkiem wszystkich zmian. Przez pokorę i ascezę wiedzie droga do konwersji naukowej, poprzez praktykiantynomijne wiedzie droga miłości. Odpowiada to dwóm wersjomgnostycyzmu: ascetycznej i libertyńskiej. W końcu jednak sam Bourdieuulega sile Państwa i paradoksalnie staje po stronie Carla Schmitta. Pierre Bourdieu is a theologian, a political theologian. One of the important,but hidden, source of his work is the classic work The King’s TwoBodies: A Study in Mediaeval Political Theolog y. While constructing one of themost influential social theories of the 20th century the French scholardraws handfuls of religious metaphors and concepts. These are not merelyrhetorical ornaments; they are the essence of his thinking. We ought totreat seriously Bourdieu’s declaration that he is a Pascalian. There is a profoundreason why the anti-cleric and atheist declares himself in favor of thegreatest Christian apologist. This is because he shares Pascal’s vision withone important reservation. The Deus absconditus of Pascal, who is supposedto free us from the wretchedness of the world, is challenged while the qualitiesof God as the omnipotent creator and lawgiver are transferred to theState and science. In this way the State becomes reminiscent of the Gnosticdemiurge, an evil God. Since Bourdieu does not believe in religious pathsof emancipation from the power of the State, emancipation in itself becomequestionable. However, the French sociologist finds two risky waysout: knowledge and love. Emancipation begins with a withdrawal from theworld, from changing oneself, which is the pre-condition for all changes.Humility and ascesis lead one along the path toward scientific conversion;the path of love leads through antinomic practices. This corresponds totwo versions of Gnosticism: ascetic and libertine. In the end Bourdieuhimself succumbed to the power of the State and paradoxically ended upon the same side as Carl Schmitt.

‘Our Gracious Benefactors’: The Charitable Activities of the Vilnius Cathedral Chapter in the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries

Author(s): Martynas Jakulis / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

Using the acts of the cathedral chapter and annual income-expenditure registers, this article focuses on the charitable activities of the Vilnius Cathedral Chapter in the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. The first section of the article is concerned with the chapter’s support for charitable institutions (hospitals, a dowry fund, a home for aged and infirm priests) under its patronage. The second section focuses on the patterns of occasional almsgiving.

Evrei 13, 10-14 – o cuvântare retorică ce militează pentru separația creștinismului de iudaism?

Author(s): Cătălin Varga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2020

Modern biblical research has claimed that the entire text in Hebrews 13 could be considered a pseudoepigraphy, a foreign text fragment added later on by scribes to the rest of the epistle, in order to give the impression of Saint Paul’s authority and authenticity, like a more precise post-scriptum. For this very reason, some scholars believed that Hebrews 13 was not part of the original corpus of the epistle to the Hebrews from the very beginning. A more balanced perspective is offered by father Ioan Mihoc, who suggests that the entire epistle has only one canonical author, the issue of chapter 13 being explained thorough the hypothesis of a re-reading or reapplication of chapters 1-12. Beyond historical-critical aspects, Hebrews 13 is a sample of deliberative rhetoric that exhorts the urgent separation of the Christian worship from the requirements of the Jewish religion. I will study the issue from a biblic-rhetorical methodology, which contributes to the originality of this research.Modern biblical research has claimed that the entire text in Hebrews 13 could be considered a pseudoepigraphy, a foreign text fragment added later on by scribes to the rest of the epistle, in order to give the impression of Saint Paul’s authority and authenticity, like a more precise post-scriptum. For this very reason, some scholars believed that Hebrews 13 was not part of the original corpus of the epistle to the Hebrews from the very beginning. A more balanced perspective is offered by father Ioan Mihoc, who suggests that the entire epistle has only one canonical author, the issue of chapter 13 being explained thorough the hypothesis of a re-reading or reapplication of chapters 1-12. Beyond historical-critical aspects, Hebrews 13 is a sample of deliberative rhetoric that exhorts the urgent separation of the Christian worship from the requirements of the Jewish religion. I will study the issue from a biblic-rhetorical methodology, which contributes to the originality of this research.

Aspecte biblice privind complementaritatea dintre Sfânta Euharistie și slujirea filantropică

Author(s): Ciprian-Valentin Nicoarã / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2020

Viewed with the superficiality of the contemporary man, severely affected by the spirit of secularization, diakonia - in its sense of neighbour ministry, seems to be a relatively new element, recently included in the missionary work of the Church and at the same time, one of the challenges of confessing the faith. The roots of this diaconical work are, however, particularly deep, its primary source being the unlimited love shared with man by God. This unmeasured love is the common foundation of the Eucharist and Christian philanthropy and is obviously the basis of the communion of man with God and of people together.Viewed with the superficiality of the contemporary man, severely affected by the spirit of secularization, diakonia - in its sense of neighbour ministry, seems to be a relatively new element, recently included in the missionary work of the Church and at the same time, one of the challenges of confessing the faith. The roots of this diaconical work are, however, particularly deep, its primary source being the unlimited love shared with man by God. This unmeasured love is the common foundation of the Eucharist and Christian philanthropy and is obviously the basis of the communion of man with God and of people together.

Sfânta Scriptură în teologia și viața Părintelui Sofronie Saharov

Author(s): Dan Vîrban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2020

Starting from the assertion of Father Ioannis Romanidis, according to which the true interpreters of the Holy Scriptures are the seers of God, the main aim of this study is to demonstrate how two events from the Holy Scriptures were understood in the theology and life of Father Sophrony Sakharov. The central moment of his life is the meeting with Saint Silouan the Athonite in 1930, an event that will mark his entire spiritual life and will crown his later work at the monastery he founded in Essex, England. In 1993 Archimandrite Sophrony went to the eternal life, remaining known in the Orthodox Theology especially as the biographer and disciple of Saint Silouan. In order to understand the way of thinking of staretz Sophrony, I consider representatives the interpretation of two events from the Holy Scripture, the Sinaitic revelation and the prayer of the Saviour from the Gethsemane Garden. In his writings, Father Sophrony pays a special attention to the revelation of God to Moses because he personally lives in his life the meaning of the name I am who I am. This name shows that God is Threepersonal and nothing can exist without His will. In the garden of Gethsemane, the Savior prays for all mankind, which shows that such a prayer should be the model of human prayer. Therefore, every man is called to assemble into himself and into his prayers all the human nature, the entire Adam. Father Sophrony received as heritage from St. Silouan the hypostatic prayer that himself lived, making it known to the world through his life and writings

Dimensiunea ecumenică intrinsecă a Evangheliei. Adaptare cultural – lingvistică și motivație biblică la Irineu de Lyon

Author(s): Claudiu Marius Ciascai / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2020

According to Irenaeus’ point of view, the Gospel is endowed with an intrinsic ecumenical dimension, because the teachings of the Gospel had to be preached all around the world. He was convinced of the necessity and the obligation of fulfilling the commandment left by Jesus to his Apostles and apprentices. Accordingly, Irenaeus was convinced of the necessity to evangelize all the people, and this necessity drew its source from the Gospel itself and from its ”divine empowerment”, the final purpose being the redemption of the entire humankind. The aim of the present study is to illustrate the evolution and the complexity of the ecumenical dimension of the Gospel and at the same time the theological evolution of one of the most representative Fathers of the first centuries, Saint Irenaeus of Lyon. He understood perfectly the power of dialogue and of pastoral mission, mission that was directed not only towards the Christians, who at that time were somewhat confused by the multitude of doctrines, but also towards the pagans to whom he presents the message of the Gospel about the love of Jesus Christ.

Țăranul, „icoana” sfințită prin jertă a poporului român și promotor al sacralității satului românesc

Author(s): Ioan-Dorin Torcoș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2020

The present study, in accordance with the topic proposed by the Romanian Patriarchate for 2019 as a Homage Year for the Romanian Village (as well as for priests, teachers and honorable mayors) and the Commemorative Year of Patriarchs Nicodim Munteanu and Iustin Moisescu and also of religious books translators, is structured in three chapters. I chose this theme from my honest wish to express the profound structure the Romanian village, which, enigmatically, translates the language of pure love and of passionate yearning for the beauty of ancient village, by making a trip into the past. This journey to live again the unique moments of childhood, but most of all, to meet again the peasant of the Romanian village, the mirror of faith, culture and civilization of the Romanian people, is the main purpose of the present approch. Accordingly, the author tryes to emphasize the values of our national identity as much as those ar in accordance to authentic Christian consciousness, passed on over the ages through the Church, an axis mundi of the Romanian culture. The Romanian village is the holy altar to which our parents, our grandparents and our ancestors prayed and sacrificed themselves, the altar they have consecrated again and again for eternity, through their tears, an alive altar where the Living God has His dwelling place.

Succintă analiză comparativă între obiectele lumii tradiționale, ca elemente identitare, și obiectele lumii postmoderne, ca bunuri de consum

Author(s): Oana Crețu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2020

This paper aims to present the influence of the consumer society on the way we relate to objects. Comparing the way of reporting to the object of the traditional world and of the consumer society we can observe significant changes. The consumer society promotes a certain standard of life that you can only access through consumption. In the paper I pointed out that the objects of the traditional Maramureș world have profound meanings, they represent a symbol between generations. The traditional object is characterized by sustainability as opposed to that of the consumer society whose life is very short. The consumer society creates artificial needs that deepen the dissatisfaction of not owning enough. In a society that incites to unlimited consumption, building a moral attitude based on discernment is of utmost importance.

Implicarea Patriarhului Iustin Moisescu în Dialogul Ecumenic. O istorie dezvoltată pe fondul implicării directe a mai marilor Bisericii

Author(s): Cosmin-Florin Biriş / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2020

“Eternity was born in the village” is a reality which is confirmed even by the Church’s evolution. Specifically, even on the dialogue side, the Church has evolved throughout time, building and rebuilding destroyed relations in ancient times. Considering the homage year assigned to the village’s life and the outstanding figures from the top of our Church, I chose to evoke real historical approaches made to reach warmer relations captured in our days. The patriarch Iustin Moisescu is one of the promoters for the relationship between the Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church, as well as between the rest of the Church’s. The dialogue part wasn’t foreign for the first half of the past century, the patriarch Iustin being also involved in the discussions of the Church’s Ecumenical Council, considered by most as a reference of ecumenical closeness. Taken as a reference, we can notice that based on this ecumenical activity there was elevated a continuous dialogue shown differently, throughout relational organisms like: The World Council of Churches, Mixt Committees of dialogue, various ecumenical Meetings, etc. This memo is seeking to notice the evolution of the ecumenical relationships between the Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic one, starting from the classic Romanian orthodox values. Regarding the course of the memo, starting from the ecumenical principles existent in the 19th century, throughout terminological remarks and descriptions regarding the relational authorities, we will observe the current state and the fruitful work of the Romanian orthodox promoters.

Păstorul Martir: Liviu Galaction Munteanu (1898-1961). Preocupările biblice și relevanța lor în cadrul teologiei pastorale românești

Author(s): Lucian Greabu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2020

After the establishment of the communist regime in Romania, between State and Church held a deaf war and personality of priest professor Dr. Liviu Galaction Munteanu was essential in terms of counteraction the Marxist-Leninist ideology. As an officiating priest and refined theologian, „time and timeless” (2 Tim. 4, 2), father professor was an testimony by word and deed, always remaining believers that they shepherded and students, by the great role that is keeping the Orthodox faith: „Theology must be aware of the great role they should play in people`s life”. He emphasised the importance of theological training of priest as witnesses, in an age in which the Church should be more present among people, to the “roller” totalitarian communist, aiming at creating “new man” through propaganda scientific-materialistic, atheistic. In this context, the only solution was establishment of a program of catechesis, working through priests in every parish. Catechesis has not been done, Father intention being considered “hostile” by the state bodies. His entire life was dedicated word, that ministered to Christ, the divine Logos incarnate. By his exhortations clergy aware of the importance of the mission given to each priest an solidarity with the faithful. His actions also presents itself as a real priest who was aware of his mission responsibility.

Etsi Deus non daretur. Hugo Grotius (1583–1645) und der Krieg. Neue Forschungen über den Begründer des modernen Völkerrechts und Wegbereiter der europäischen Aufklärung

Author(s): Christoph Ehricht / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2019

Hugo Grotius, one of the founders of the modern international law, exercised considerable influence on the peace process in the last years of the 30-years’ war. He also played important role in the European history of enlightenment and secularisation. Recently, a wide variety of new publications have appeared presenting life and work of Hugo Grotius. In recent years his intellectual legacy may provide inspiration for a new understanding of religion and spirit of tolerance. The article is a part of a wide debate regarding this illustrious person of the 17th century. A short comment is given on the reception of Grotius work in the Russian tradition.

НИМЕНЬГСКИЙ ПРИХОД ОНЕЖСКОГО УЕЗДА АРХАНГЕЛЬСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ: СТРОИТЕЛЬНАЯ ИСТОРИЯ

Author(s): Andrey B. Bode,Tatiana V. Zhigaltsova,Evgeny Valentinovich Khodakovsky / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2020

The study presents the history of constructing a church complex in Nimenga settlement from the Onezhsky district of the Arkhangelsk region, one of the understudied objects of Russian wooden architecture. The paper analyzes previously unpublished archival sources of the XIX century dealing with the construction of the first wooden churches (the Church of the Annunciation and the Church of the Transfiguration), two cemetery chapels, and Yudmozero Church of the Theotokos of Tikhvin (1863) in the Nimenga Parish of the Onega uyezd (Arkhangelsk province). The study is also based on the on-site field inspections of the preserved historical objects – the Church of the Transfiguration (1878) and the bell tower (1764), which enabled the authors to graphically recreate the original appearance of these objects. As a result, the authors introduced new factual data to the academic community, traced the construction timeline, described the specific architectural features of the studied objects, and made conclusions about the full construction history of the Nimenga church complex between the XVII and the XIX centuries.

ВОССТАНИЕ ВИНДЕКСА И НИЗЛОЖЕНИЕ НЕРОНА

Author(s): Ekaterina Leonidovna Smirnova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2020

Predică la Duminica dinaintea Nașterii Domnului (a Sfinților Părinți după trup ai Domnului)

Author(s): Bogdan Tătaru-Cazaban / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2019

The evangelist Matthew addresses especially the Christians from the chosen people for whom the messianic identity of Jesus Christ was fundamental. Thus, the New Testament opens with a ternary genealogy that provides the image of the uninterrupted continuity of the divine election. The picture of the Savior's Davidic offspring is depicted with the inspiration of liberating truth, not hiding human sinfulness and revealing God's freedom to manifest His faithfulness in sometimes unpredictable ways. Joseph embodies the tension between David's expectation and the birth of Christ in the Virgin Mary. If the role of Joseph is essential for the bodily eyes of the people, because it allows the integration of the Infant into the tradition and customs of the Jewish people, in the case of the Virgin Mary her real and full motherhood is the human source of the incarnation of the Son of God, the supreme limit to which humanity waiting for the Messiah could rise, offering its own nature to the One Who created human nature.

Strange Warmings and other Close (Althusserian) Encounters: John Wesley’s Change of Heart at Aldersgate

Author(s): Matthew Newcomb / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

John Wesley’s famous account of his heart being “strangely warmed” is often considered a conversion. However, his change is less about identity as a Christian, and is more about manner of being. Wesley’s change is best understood as an affective encounter. It is affective in being about bodily experience and initially pre-rational. However, that affective moment was possible due to previous encounters and intentional designs that prepared the possibilities for affective experiences. It is an encounter, following Louis Althusser’s theorization of the term, as a moment of change that might not have happened. Chance is taken seriously with the encounter, and combined with intentional design. Wesley might not have interacted with the Moravian sect in ways that set him up for his affective experience; rhetorical studies can use the encounter and affect to consider probability and chance more, and to think about rhetoric as the design of possible encounters.

Рецензије и прикази

Author(s): Vukoman Milenković,Miloš Mišković,Marko Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2020

Chrześcijańskie ujęcie relacji człowieka do stworzenia w oparciu o metaforę dialogu

Author(s): Jakub Synowiec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The article uses the metaphor of dialogue to illuminate the Christian approach to the relationship of man to creation. The metaphor of dialogue is shaped on the basis of the concept of dialogue from D. N. Walton’s The New Dialectic. The article is divided into three parts, in which selected features of dialogue are discussed to throw light on the Christian approach to the human-creation relationship related to them: the common goal of the participants in the dialogue, the requirement to know the partner in the dialogue and the result of dialogue resulting from its nature, i.e. agreement. The conclusions present the concept of human ecology, emphasize numerous similarities between Christian and non-Christian ecological thought, and identify why Christian dialogue with creation does not function as it should in the light of the Church’s teaching.

„Laboratorium dialogu” czyli o dialogowaniu w katechezie

Author(s): Mieczysław Polak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Dialogue is one of the fundamental human relationships. It is also of particular importance in the life of the Church. The article tries to answer the question whether catechesis is a space for dialogue. It first shows the dialogue of salvation as a relationship between God and man. Then it presents the relationship of the Church to the world, which is a relationship of dialogue. Since catechesis is at the service of God’s dialogue of salvation and is an ecclesial ministry, it is therefore also dialogical. There is, however, a specificity of this dialogue, which is based on the spirituality of dialogue. This vision of catechesis is contained in the new Vatican Directory for Catechesis, which describes it as a „laboratory for dialogue”.

Kapłan – mistrzem i ojcem. Dialog między pracą a samotnością

Author(s): Zdzisław Józef Kijas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The article is an attempt to present the priestly vocation in the aspect of being a master and father for believers. Referring to the reflections of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński, the author points to those elements of the priest’s ministry which constitute the essence of being a good shepherd. It also deals with the subject of the relationship between pastoral work and loneliness, which – if lived well – leads to discovering oneself and experiencing closeness to God.

Sprawozdanie z sympozjum naukowego διάΛογος – Jak się spotykać, by odnaleźć Boga?, Stadniki, 5 listopada 2020 roku

Author(s): Leszek Poleszak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Report from the scientific symposium διάΛογος – How to meet to find God?, Stadniki, November 5th, 2020