ЦРНОГОРСКИ МИТРОПОЛИТ САВА ПЕТРОВИЋ И УКИДАЊЕ ПЕЋКЕ ПАТРИЈАРШИЈЕ 1766.

Author(s): Nedeljko Radosavljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2020

Тhe paper examines the attitude of Montenegrin Metropolitan Sava Petrović towards the abolition of the Patriarchate of Peć. It elucidates the problems that the Patriarchate of Peć faced from the Belgrade Peace of 1739 until its abolition and merging with the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 1766. It highlights the specificities of the Montenegrin Metropolitanate in this period, which differentiated it from other eparchies of the Patriarchate of Peć, but did not affect the absolute and unconditional loyalty of its metropolitans to the throne of the Patriarchate of Peć. It points out the reasons why Metropolitan Sava Petrović did not resolutely stand out against the abolition of the Patriarchate of Peć, although he did not sign the plea requesting such abolition. The question of his relationship with Ecumenical Patriarch Samuel I Chazteris, who requested from Sultan Mustafa III the berat on the confirmation of Sava’s metropolitan dignity, is opened. The reasons why only in 1776 he asked for the support of Moscow Metropolitan Platon for the restoration of the Patriarchate of Peć are explained.

Църква "Св. Никола" в с. Гинци

Author(s): Zdravka Kosturkova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The village of Gintsi is located in Western Bulgaria, at the foothills of the Western Balkan Range and at about 50 km of Sofia. Once a road connecting Moesia and the river Danube with Sardica and Macedonia used to pass through the village. There were also fortifications around it, as evidenced by the toponym "Kaleto", relevant to two elevations at both sides of the route to Petrohan pass. According to a record dated from 1490, the village had an entirely Christian population, as did the entire area in the vicinity of Sofia. A Turkish register shows that the church in the village, that can be dated from the Middle Ages, continued to exist. According to its plan, the St. Nicholas of Myra belongs to the most widespread type of churches in Bulgarian lands in the Middle Ages and the National Revival, the single-naved basilica. The church has a semi-circular central apse inside and out, a naos and a narthex (added later). The entrance is one from the west, through the narthex into the naos. It has a barrel vault and has a gable roof with wooden casing and tiles, completely in the style of West Bulgarian single-naved churches in the period from the end of the 12-th to the 19-th century. The building technique is traditional for West Bulgarian lands. The material used was hewn and river stone, joint with white mortar. The church was decorated with murals. There were three distinctive period of decoration, with almost nothing remaining from the first murals. The murals are in three artistic layers.

Църква и религия при българите в Испания

Author(s): Magdalena Slavkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 15/2017

This article deals with the role of the Orthodox and Protestant Christian Churches for the Bulgarian migrant community in Spain, summarizing that they have an important place in the rituality and festivity, but a limited im¬pact on their social integration. However, the relations between Orthodox and Evangelical communities are even normalized. This is due to the fact that both are immigrant institutions and this implies their secondary impor¬tance in the Society, leading to a minimization of the public opposition be¬tween them. An initial process of Spanishization of the practices exists as a form of cultural influence of the local milieu.

Църквата "Св. Анна" в село Яна

Author(s): Maya Zacharieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

The Church of St Anne is an unpublished and less well explored monument of the early nineteenth-century in Bulgaria. It was built in the cemetery of the village of Yana, district of Sofia. The paper seeks to present the church comprehensively, making some observations about the historic records, architectural specifics and the iconographic programme of an unpublished monument of the first half of the nineteenth century. The extant paintings of 1845 are not signed, but the iconographic and stylistic particularities refer to a group of monuments associated with Yanachko Stanimirov from village of Breze.

Църквата „Благовещение Богородично“ в с. Керека

Author(s): Maya Zaharieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Until recently, the Church of the Annunciation in the village of Kereka was one of the understudied monuments in Bulgaria of the first half of the nineteenth century. It was erected in the middle of the village, located 8 km from the town of Dryanovo. The paper gives a brief history and an analysis of the architectural specifics, establishing also the iconographic programme and trying to identify the team of painters commissioned to make the murals and the icons. The church has not been entirely painted. Оnly the south and north walls of the naos have been covered with paintings. Тhere are no icons now and the wooden base of the iconostasis has been broken into pieces. It is hard to reconstruct the iconostasis at the church in its entirety for want of information and archival photographs. In the early 1970s it has been entirely preserved, to which a scientifically grounded proposal drafted by the National Institute for Immovable Cultural Heritage testifies. The murals at the Church of the Annunciation in the village of Kereka are unsigned, but their iconographic and stylistic peculiarities associate them with the painters of the School of Tryavna. A number of pictorial specifics point to Krаstyo Zahariev and his sons Georgi and Petаr Krаstevs, painters from Tryavna, who completed the work in 1835–1837.

Църквата „Св. Антоний“ в Мелник – чудотворни обекти и ритуални практики

Author(s): Yana Gergova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

Anthony is a highly honoured saint, considered to be a patron and a defender of various diseases. The church “St. Anthony” in the smallest town in Bulgaria – Melnik – is known exactly for its healing aspect and can be identified as one of the most sacred cult sites in the surroundings, connected with numerous stories of miracles, healings, interesting and rare ritual practices. The modern state and functioning of the church is a complex of different components that build the role and importance of the cult site as a very attractive place for pilgrimage and healing. Besides of the cult of the patron itself, these components include also various miraculous objects, iconographic features, the location of the church, and characteristic stories of miracles, media, and personal representations and interpretations. In this article, I will examine the cult of St. Anthony in the city and church dedicated to him through the prism of two basic elements – miraculous objects or other ones in the church area and beliefs and ritual practices related to them. It is precisely the connection between the different components of the cult site, combining diverse objects of pilgrimage, honoring, and usage, that creates a truly unique context in which this church, the only one in the country until recently dedicated to the St. Anthony, exists. The analysis is based on observations from conducted fieldwork studies in Melnik and bibliographic and online surveys in the period 2016–2018.

Църквата „Св. Николай” в село Катуница

Author(s): Darina Boikina / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

The paper deals with a monument, sporadically mentioned in scientific literature, of the earliest period of the Bulgarian National Revival: the Church of St Nicholas in the village of Katunitsa near Plovdiv. Decoration of the church––an iconostasis, icons and murals––has been commissioned on a regular basis well until the end of the period of the Bulgarian National Revival by a number of church donors living mostly in Katunitsa. The iconostasis and the icons in the Deesis tier painted by Zachary Zograph in 1834–1835, were dated to the earliest stage in the decoration of the church coetaneous with the construction of the building. Decades later, the Feast tire of icons were commissioned to be executed by different icon-painters along with the mural paintings at the naos of the church made by Alexy Athanasov. The latter were precisely dated to 1852. The same icon-painter painted the murals flanking the north entrance to the church in 1866. A thorough presentation of the church of the village of Katunitsa is of paramount importance not only because no attempts have been made to record it comprehensively, but also because it adduces examples of the earliest oeuvre of two of the most renowned and prolific icon-painters working in and in the vicinities of the city of Plovdiv, i.e. Zachary Zograph and Alexy Athanasov.

Църквата „Успение Богородично” в Зерват, Албания

Author(s): Maria Kolusheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The article presents a church in the area of Northern Epirus, today’s Southern Albania that is little known in the literature. The church was built in several stages as the year of 1582/3 written on the western façade should be accepted as the final date of its erection. The ktetor’s inscription in the naos witnesses the year when the murals were laid, the year of 1605/6, as all residents of the village contributed to the paintings. The frescoes in both the naos and the narthex were made then. The two icon-painters, Mihail and Nikola, left their names in the inscription. Today there are no icons preserved in the church because they were stolen in 2010. We draw information about them from photographs in several publications. On almost all images there are partial upper layers of painting which were not removed upon the restoration of the frescoes. The program of the mural ensemble is preserved in its entirety and presents an extremely rich iconographic repertory. There are numerous scenes from different cycles: of the Great Feasts, the Passion, the Post-Resurrection appearances of Christ, the Acts and the Miracles of Christ, scenes dedicated to the Holy Mother of God, Old Testament episodes, and others. The murals have been attributed by a number of Greek authors to the famous icon-painter Mihail of Linotopi. The identity of the second icon-painter, Nikola, has not been commented on save for the study of T. Tsambouras. The author thinks his paintings are close to the Linotopi studio and attributes to him several icons originating from the church itself and from other churches in Northern Greece. Getting familiar with the murals on the site allowed us to make some important observations, which give a new meaning to the suggestions made so far. Probably the frescoes were laid in two stages. The work was assigned to two icon-painting teams led by two masters. One of them worked in the entire altar section, the eastern transept and the eastern section of the central aisle. The other one painted the central and the western parts of the three aisles as well as all murals in the narthex. The boundary between the two areas of work is easily noticeable and can be traced out in the bottom two registers of the naos. The differences in the two parts are both stylistic and paleographic. The participation of Mihail of Linotopi as the chief icon-painter as suggested by some researchers, is not confirmed. Probably he participated as an assistant to the chief master who worked in the western part of the naos and in the narthex. The person who led the mural painting work in the altar and in the eastern part of the naos may be identified as one of the masters who did the frescoes in Dobarsko and in the Seslavtsi Monastery.

Църковната икономика: теоретични основи и емпиричен анализ

Author(s): Petkan Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The business activity of religious organizations and their economic relations with otherbusiness agents (households, companies, the state) have been poorly studied but from aresearch perspective they represent an exceptionally interesting field for analysis. Thepurpose of this study is to substantiate the theoretical basics of church economy and doan empirical analysis on its functioning and its mechanism of action. At the same time,the study will also search for confirmation of the following research thesis: namely, thatchurch economy is an important element of national economy, creating GDP and generatingcertain employment and as such, on the basis of existing theoretical concepts, wewill define it and determine its components and peculiarities, which will serve for thecreation of a methodological model of its measurement and evaluation.The categories of economics of religion and religious economics (economics of religiousactivity) have been defined on the basis of the theoretical-analytical approach, andthe different in meaning term "church economy" has been introduced, which gives usthe opportunity to encompass the overall religious activity in its social-economic aspect.The data about the social-economic activity of the church are, first and foremost, limitedand unreliable. Official statistics collect a very limited circle of information about theactivity of religious organizations. Despite this restrictive parameter, the first attempt inBulgarian economic literature for a theoretical-empirical analysis of church economy hasbeen made.

Църковният събор от 1360 г. в Търново и българо-еврейският религиозен конфликт от 50-те години на XIV век

Author(s): Hristo Saldzhiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The article focuses on problems relating to the Jewish community’s origin in medieval Tarnovo, the reasons that provoked the Bulgarian-Jewish conflict from the 1350ies and its aftermaths. The hypothesis that Tarnovo Jews originated from Byzantine and appeared in medieval Bulgarian capital at the end of the 12th century as manufacturers of silk is proposed. The religious clash from the 1350ies is ascribed to the influence exerted by some Talmudic anti-Christian texts on the local Jewish community, to the broken inner status-quo between Christians and Jews after the second marriage of the Bulgarian tsar Ivan Alexander and to the reactions of part of the Christian population against the breach of this status-quo.

Църковно и просветно дело в град Разград през 40-те - 70-те години на XIX век

Author(s): Todorka Simeonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The town Razgrad from today was established in the XV century on a early Thracian, Roman and Bulgarian settlement. During the Renaissance and the period from the middle of the XIX century Bulgarians in Razgrad created their own municipality and joined the struggle for church independence and establishing a new school. In 1860 was built the current church "St.Nikolai" and the authority of the Ecumenical Patriarchate was rejected. For the educational and spiritual development of the city worked many of the citizens from whom more notable were S. Petrov, D. Hranov, A. Tsanov, N. Georgieva and others.

Църковно строителство в Североизточна България през 50-те – 70-те години на ХІХ век

Author(s): Nevena Nedelcheva,Aldzhan Dzhafer / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

This report presents the construction of churches in Eski Juma, Osman Pazar, Hezargrad, and in several other settlements in the 1850s – 1870s. It also focuses on the procedures for building churches and on the reasons for their mass construction in the region under review during this period. The study analyzes the applications of the population, their reasons, and the ethnic composition of the settlements studied. In addition, the paper discusses issues concerning the construction of the churches themselves, their size, organization, and financing.

ЦЪРКОВНОСЛАВЯНСКИТЕ СЛУЖБИ НА СВ. СВ. КИРИЛ И МЕТОДИЙ В СЪВРЕМЕННОТО БОГОСЛУЖЕНИЕ (БОГОСЛОВСКО-ЛИТУРГИЧЕСКИ АСПЕКТИ)

Author(s): Stefan Nenchev Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2014

The article analyzes the office of Saints Cyril and Methodius in the Church-Slavonic language, which are components of their liturgical cult. They are used in contemporary worship in the day when their memory is celebrated: 11th Мay. The adaptation of the Church-Slavonic offices for contemporary liturgical use was made by Bishop Partenii of Leuka. The office are included in the church liturgical book titled Liturgical Services for the whole year with the lives of the holy equal to apostles Slavonic educators which he compiled and which was published by the Holy Synod in 1958.

Чаробна Свадба Кристијана Розенкројца Лета Господњег 1459.

Author(s): John Valentin Andreae / Language(s): Serbian

We bring to the translation this interesting work by the German poet John Valentin Andreae (1586-1654) - The title actually says "Himiska wedding", but as today the word "himiska" can only be reminiscent of chemistry or ancient alchemy, which is far from its dull and hidden meaning in the title, it has seemed better to translate it vegetable as " magical ”. - The Himish Wedding is a work of deep mysticism and occultism from the beginning of the new century. It describes the path of consecration. The work is divided into seven "days", which take the experience of Christian Rozenkroitz ("Christoph Rose", the legendary founder of the Rosicrucian Brotherhood) at a "heavenly wedding". (Translator's note.) The text has been published in the issue 112, January/February 1941, of the journal » Upoznaj sebe «. This journal (english title: „Get to know yourself“) has been an anthroposophic journal published in the 1930s Yugoslavia.

Частите на душата и богопознанието в моралната драма „Премъдрост“ (Ум, Воля и Разбиране или Премъдростта, която е Христос)

Author(s): Slava Yanakieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 25/2019

Enumerating the parts of the soul could hardly be an object of leisure-time activity and it is only in themedieval presentative culture that we could find it as naturally integrated topos of a dramatic text. Thisseemingly paradoxical situation loses almost all of its mysterious aura in dramatic genres like theconventional for fifteenth-century England “drama of moral instruction”, which is by definitionnonrealistic in form and religiously utilized by content. The focus of this article is the famous drama ofWisdom Who is Christ from the Macro MS and specifically its first part which concerns the introductoryexposition of the “structure” of the soul, the latter being a central character of the play. While the themeof the parts of the soul are not new to premodern philosophy and theology, it is the way this topic isinternalized in the new devotional trends of the time that makes the analysis of the text and its dramaticpotential so fruitful. This analysis is all the more crucial for the understanding of the play as most of theaction is delegated only to parts of the soul as “representatives” of the protagonist and carriers of themechanics of the stage salvation. Important works of contemporary laical devotional and contemplativeliterature are considered in terms of their influence on the dramatic piece considered.

Чашата на причастието. Към семантиката на съдовете от благороден метал в орфическата ритуална среда на тракийската аристокрация

Author(s): Michaela Yordanova / Language(s): English,Greek, Ancient (to 1453),Bulgarian Issue: 25/2020

The exposition analyzes the semantics of Thracian vessels of precious metal; an attempt was made to discuss their function in the context of sacred mysterious logos; a reinterpretation of the ritual symposial practices characteristic of the Orphic communities of Thracian political elites is proposed. Precisely because of their sacred functions, vessels of precious metal with inscriptions are found in the funerals and treasures of the aristocratic elite. They function in a certain way in the symposium rituals during the ruler’s symposia, and such practices in Thrace, are part of the Orphic religion and are associated with aristocratic political elites. There are several reasons for this topic: There is discussion in the literature and there is still a lack of a systematic and consistent thesis about the function of precious metal vessels in the Thracian cultural model. Despite the fundamental research of Al. Foul, the connection between the Thracian basic model of Orphism as aristocratic ideology and its projections in artifacts and folk narratives has not yet been sought. No effort was made to illuminate the function of the Thracian sacral artifacts in parallel with the Greek orphic sources.

Чествания по случай 200 години от рождението на И. И. Срезневски в Русия

Author(s): Tatyana Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 28/2014

Четириевангелието НБКМ 1356 от Националната библиотека

Author(s): Elissaveta Moussakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

Even though not unknown, the Slavic Four Gospels from the National Library in Sofia represents a remarkable example of 14th-century manuscript illumination, which has not been discussed in details. In this paper a full description of the preserved fragment is given, with emphasis on the ornamental embellishment of the text. Besides the hypotheses about the manuscript’s origin, offered in previous publications, the author attempts now to reveal the meaning, which the teratological headpiece on f. 6r and the architectural headpiece on f. 81v were invested with by the scribe (or the artist). In regard to the first one, the fantastic creature in the animal, so called heraldic, motif, is identified as a senmurv. For this image, rare in the Byzantine and South Slavic book illumination, a typological link is established through a 13th century Gospel manuscript of provincial Byzantine origin, in which Axiniya Dzhurova detected the possible source for the couples of monstrous creatures in the Slavic teratological ornament. A significant change of the composition is made by introducing in it the cross on top of the headpieces in the codices NBKM 1356 and Hilandar 12, a Serbian Four Gospels of the first half of the 14th century. As to the second headpiece, representing the Tree of Life by an overall, stepped form, surmounted by vegetal motifs and accompanied by tetragrams, usually written around the Cross, a reading of the letters ABMK is offered. In view of the gathered evidence, both headpieces may be interpreted in the aspects of the Cross, the Life-Giving Tree in the Christian soteriological doctrine. The refined execution, the parallels to distinguished artistic examples in Byzantine manuscripts, make possible to ascertain that the anonymous commissioner of the manuscript belonged with the higher social ranks. Also, attention is given to the copy of the older pattern in the teratological headpiece in the 17thcentury Strelcha Gospels from the collection of the Church-historical and Archival Institute in Sofia. Due to the insufficient or lacking data about the date and place of origin, or about the provenance of the two Gospel manuscripts, many questions remain unanswered but what could be confirmed is that the codex NBKM 1356 is a real witness to the processes of re-activating the old literary heritage in the 17th century, recognized long ago by the scholars.

Чин за ръкополагане на епископ, митрополит, патриарх

Author(s): Bistra Nikolaeva Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1995

In Prayer-book No. 954 of the "Sts Cyril and Methodius'" National Library of the 17th century, Bulgarian redaction, is found a service for the consecration of a bishop, a metropolitan or a patriarch, followed by a Metropolitan's prayer on entering the city. The analysis of the words in the text, and the contents of the codex show that these two texts appeared among the Southern Slavs between the early 13th and mid-14th century. The service could be used in a church which was ruled by a patriarch, and such were the Bulgarian Church (after 1235) and the Serbian (after 1346). The service had as an archetype a text from the Byzantine Euchologion, whereas the Prayer is not known in aGreek copy. The copies of the Service and the Prayer according to Prayer-book No. 954 are published in the article.

Числовые комплексы в ранних упанишадах

Author(s): Alexander Syrkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1969

Особенности употребления отдельных числовых комплексов дают незаменимый материал для изучения специфических черт соответствующих культур в их естественно-научных, этических, социальных воззрениях и могут служить одним из критериев при более широких сравнительно-типологических исследованиях (отличительные черты определенных культов, закономерности научного и художественного видов творчества и т. д.).