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Tri moguće definicije religijskih nauka u savremenom svetu

Author(s): Muamer Halilović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

There are different classifications of sciences in the history of science in Islam, but despite their differences, we can generally talk about the meaning of the phrase “religious science”. What are these sciences and what is their difference with general sciences? Which characteristics make a science religious, and which make it secular? And should secular science be opposed to religious science at all, or is there some other division? Different answers were offered to all these questions. In this paper, we will try to gather these answers within the framework of three universal groups.

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Multipolarne perspektive razumijevanja Rumijeve ličnosti i djela

Author(s): Mubina Moker / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

The paper will treat different readers receptions’ and layers of understanding of the work of Spiritual Masnavi (Masnavī Ma’navī), but also the relationship between Šams Tabrizi and Rumi, on an individual and collective level, based on the verses of Rumi of Masnavi and the Divan of Šams Tabrizi. It will try to penetrate into the causes of this multipolarity, the ultimate origins of which open up the possibility of an integrating reader’s reaction to Rumi’s most widely read work both in the East and in the West. It will be shown that the act of communication between the author, the work and the reader, in fact, grows into a self-knowledge process for the reader, and that in the act of reception, although it seems to the reader that he is judging the text, but by loading his own interpretation into the text, he is actually judging himself. To himself, in accordance with his own cognitive level. Therefore, the reader, for the sake of even a valid understanding of Masnavi, should try to build a holistic approach to this work, after Rumi points out that Masnavi, with all the multipolarity of the topic, speaks of only one Universal reality.

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Exploration of the Self in the Multipolar World

Author(s): S. Rukmini / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The world of polarities viz. Unipolar, Bipolar and Multipolar worlds have received greater attention in recent years across the world. Probing into the cause and effect of it is necessary for Mankind to understand the very meaning of polar/polarity. The word ‘polarity’ meant a body that exhibits opposite properties or powers in opposite parts or directions/a relationship between opposite characteristics or tendencies. The author puts a humble effort to understand whether the polarity is something real or is it just a mental perception. This paper primarily highlights on stating that polarity is just a mental perception and nothing else. It further states that only when we transcend the mind and look within, we are able to explore the Self and its nature which facilitates in understanding the very cause of polarities in oneself and the world we live in. Secondly, the paper discusses at length ‘What does the word ‘Self’exactly mean? Where is the world leading the Self to? How many Selves does one have? Does Man have One Self, two selves or multiple selves? If it is two then which one is the original Self? If it is multiple? Then is it the Individual Self or the Social Self or the Political self or the National Self? Which Self? The paper clarifies which Self it is. Thirdly, what are the repercussions of that Man, the Supreme of God’s creation would be confronted with the ignorance of the knowledge and experience of the‘Self’. Finally, the paper tries to arrive at a solution for the existing polarities in the world by putting forth the scriptures and the lives of enlightened souls whose lived experiences have been a mirror to understand the individual self and the role it plays in the aforementioned other selves viz., Social Self, Political Self and the National Self. Further, in understanding the individual self alone can one understand the cause of polarities in the Universe. Polarities, in the real sense, never existed before nor exists now and never will exist in the future for they are just mental perceptions in oneself and the projection of it into the outer world. Jean Baudrillard avers, “We are living in a hyper real world a world that captures the inability to distinguish “The Real from the signifier of it…” this inability is the very cause for the origination of polarity.

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Навлизане на християнството в Диоклецианопол

Author(s): Violina Traycheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present paper research the question of the penetration of the Christianity in Diocletianopolis. The period concerns the time between the emergence of the late antique city of Diocletianopolis and the middle of V c. The study is realized by using the references of the Christian temple architecture of the city. The author discusses the information of the emergence of the Christian temples in the late antique city, some problems in the historiography and in addition provides new questions and views. The high concentration of the Christian basilicas in the territory of one city makes it possible to be concluded that there was a highly developed Christian community in Diocletianopolis. In summary, it could be written that one of the earliest basilicas in the late antique city is Basilica No. 4a, as the primary building is dated in the middle of/the second half of IV c. Another basilica, which is a part of this period, is the primary building of Basilica No. 3. Basilicas No. 2, 5 and 8 are dated in the first half of V c. It could be noted that the earliest Christian temple of the interior of the city is Basilica No. 2.

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Hagiografie și alcool

Author(s): Bogdan Mihai Dascălu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Nu poți atinge extazul decât trecând mai întâi prin infern. în cadrul ritualului masochist, se pot observa două etape: provocarea durerii fizice, urmată de obținerea plăcerii. Rapoartele psihiatrilor - bune cel mult pentru statistici - susțin că „dorințele perverse ale indivizilor masochiști pot foarte bine să meargă până la consecințe extreme” (Krafft-Ebing, Viața lui Sacher Masoeh). Rănire gravă și omor: supliciu, durere care nu poate fi suportată decât într-o stare de absolută detașare. Acest prim stadiu nu este, în esență, decât o „mors mystica”, moment inaugural al oricărei mari inițieri. Abia acum începe autoflagelarea. Asemenea celei practicate de sfinți. Referindu-se la penitență și la viața preafericită, unul dintre marii mistici ai secolului al XIV-lea, Meister Ecxhart, face două afirmații mai mult decât edificatoare: „Mulți oameni își închipuie că trebuie să facă lucruri mari și exterioare: să postească, să meargă cu picioarele goale și alte penitențe. Dar adevărata penitență și cea mai bună dintre toate, cea care permite progresul până în cel mai înalt grad, constă în a te îndepărta total și în mod desăvârșit de tot ceea ce nu este cu adevărat Dumnezeu... și a te întoarce cu totul către Dumnezeul preaiubit, într-o iubire statornică, într-o mare cucernicie și o mare dorință de el” (Cartea consolării divine, p. 38). Cu ușurință se poate trage concluzia că masochistul, sclavul adică, nu vede în stăpânul său, mai bine-zis, călăul său, nimic altceva decât un principiu divin. Stăpânul este centrul universului, un veritabil „axis mundi” îndreptat către Dumnezeu.

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O języku "Postylli mniejszej" Jakuba Wujka: obraz kobiet w kazaniach na dni świętych — uwagi wstępne

Author(s): Jolanta Migdał / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents introductory remarks on the functioning of women in the sixteenth-century sermons of “Postylla Minor” (“Postylla mniejsza”) by Jakub Wujek. The method of naming female persons was characterized. Women are most often called “białogłowy” or “niewiasty” and are usually shown by their roles: mother, wife, daughter, virgin, widow, nun. A group of women mentioned in “Sermons for the days of saintly patrons” was discussed. Mary, the Mother of Christ, is mentioned most often in the sermons. Jakub Wujek also recalls other female biblical heroines: from the Old Testament – Anna, Ewa, Sara, Rachab, Rut, Tamar, Uriah's wife, from the New Testament – Anna, Elżbieta, Maria Magdalena / Magdalena, Marta and not found in the Bible Anna, the mother of Mary. Historical figures also appear in the sermons: Elżbieta – most likely Elżbieta of Thuringia, Empress Helena, Jadwiga widow – Jadwiga of Silesia, Paula – Paula Rzymianka, Pulcheria – Empress of Constantinople, Katarzyna – probably Katarzyna of Alexandria, Agrypina Młodsza – Nero’s mother. In Wujek's sermons, women are shown primarily as acting in God's plan of salvation.

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Muhasebenin Teolojik Boyutu

Author(s): Süleyman Yükçü,Sevda Anli / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

İşletmenin varlıklarının, sermayesinin ve borçlarının ne olduğu, parasal değerleri, nereden nereye geldikleri, hangi değişmelere uğradıkları, faaliyetlerin sonunda ne elde edildiği veya ne kaybedildiğinin bilinmesi için varlıkların, sermayenin ve borçların saptanması, diğer bir ifadeyle, ekonomik faaliyetlerin belirlenmesi, izlenmesi ve sonuçların ölçülmesi gerekir.

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Çok Tanrılı Dinlerden Tek Tanrılı Dinlere Simgesel Olarak Ekmek

Author(s): Şule Duru Öğün,Fügen Durlu Özkaya,Nilgün H. Budak / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Beslenme, fizyolojik gerekliliklerin yanı sıra çevresel, simgesel ve kültürel faktörler çerçevesinde gelişip farklılaşarak sosyo etnik kimliklerin oluşumuna etki etmektedir. İnsanlar yiyecek elde edebilmek için coğrafi koşullardan, kültürel ve tarihi geçmişlerden ve inançlardan etkilenerek farklı beslenme uygulamaları oluşturmuşlardır. Toplumlarda gıda üretimi, hazırlanması ve tüketilmesi aşamalarında din, belirleyici bir faktör olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır (Fieldhouse, 2017).

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Intercedentna tijela: studija o kiborzima, relacionoj teo/alogiji i višestrukom utjelovljenju u igrama 21. stoljeća

Author(s): Sara M. Frykenberg / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Objavila sam ovu poruku na Facebooku nakon što sam završila glavni zadatak ekspanzije Shivering Isles u okviru Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion iz 2006. godine koji su napravile kompanije Bethesda i 2K Games. Oklijevam da upotrijebim riječ “završila” za svoje učešće u igri Oblivion. Elder Scrolls je masovna franšiza igara, uključuje pet igara i niz ekspanzija igara, a trenutno rade na pokretanju The Elder Scrolls Online kao MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game–masovna online igra uloga za više igrača).1 Hvaljena zbog svoje ogromnosti, raznolikosti i kompleksnosti, Oblivion je dobila nagradu Spike Video Games kao najbolja igra u 2006. godini. Jedan kritičar na VGPub o njoj je rekao sljedeće: “Ako Morrowind [Elder Scrolls III] definira nelinearni žanr igre uloga, Oblivion u tu definiciju dodaje jasnoću.”2 Glavni zadatak igre je samo mali fragment iskustva igranja: sporedni zadaci i opcije ponavljanja duže vrijeme zadržavaju interes gejmera i gejmerica.

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“The World Is Without Shelter, Without Protector”: Buddhism, the Protection of Displaced People, and International Humanitarian Law

Author(s): Christina A. Kilby / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Displacement is a common consequence of armed conflict that entails acute suffering and loss of protection. The prevention of displacement and the protection of displaced people are integral concerns of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), a universal body of law that seeks to limit the negative effects of war and to protect those who are not–––or no longer–––in the fight. To those ends, IHL includes provisions to prevent the unnecessary displacement of people and provides for the safety, shelter, health, hygiene, nutrition, and family unity of those displaced by conflict. While refugees (those who cross international boundaries) fall under the legal protection of the1951 Refugee Convention and the assistance of the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, internally displaced people (IDPs) move within the bounds of their state of citizenship or habitual residence. When that state is experiencing armed conflict, the government on which displaced people should normally rely for protection and assistance may be unable or unwilling to provide for their welfare. Furthermore, respect for the sovereignty of states can hinder international humanitarian intervention on behalf of IDPs. For this reason, IDPs are particularly vulnerable to prolonged suffering and de facto lack of protection during times of armed conflict, even though they are included in the provisions of IHL. The protection of IDPs during times of war remains a serious humanitarian challenge in every region of the world.

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Call to action jako narzędzie nowoczesnego social media marketingu na kontach Meta Business Suite

Author(s): Klaudia Stępień-Kowalik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to present the issue of the potential of social media platforms such as Instagram or Facebook in the marketing activities of enterprises which use social media to promote their own products and services on Meta Business Suite advertising accounts. Brand promotion in social media plays an extremely important role nowadays - companies establish ties with customers in order to persuade interested users to buy a product or choose a specific service. For the purposes of this speech, selected advertisements were analyzed from the perspective of a call to action marketing message, encouraging recipients to take specific action via CTA buttons, also known as "calls to action". They are embedded in three ad formats: single image or video, carousel ads made of up to 10 images or videos, and ads based on instant footage. The main purpose of this work is to examine the effectiveness of call to action as a modern social media marketing tool. Therefore, referring to selected marketing issues, I will use media content analysis, content analysis and critical analysis.

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Gender Equality at the Faculty of Theology and the University of Ljubljana

Author(s): Marjana Harcet / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Given that the University of Ljubljana (UL), Slovenia’s largest and oldest university, advocates for equality of opportunity and autonomy, the question arises as to how the Faculty of Theology, a member of the University, applies those values and whether gender stereotypes and connections between the Faculty and the Church influence the academic field. The goal of this paper is to summarise and demonstrate the implications of Theological Faculty’s unique status that results from its relationship with the Roman Catholic Archbishop – who also serves as the Grand Chancellor of the Faculty of Theology. To contextualise the debate and highlight the distribution of gender diversity among academic staff at the UL, a selection of statistical data will be used on gender diversity of academic staff at other faculties and academies members of the university.

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Hans Küng – Nekonformistički mislilac, sistematičar i vizionar - Cjeloviti pogled na njegov stvaralački opus

Author(s): Hermann Häring / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Hansa Künga u cijelom svijetu smatraju jednim od najpoznatijih suvremenih teologa. Kao i do sada, katolik je. Njegovo je ime od samog početka usko povezano s Drugim vatikanskim koncilom (1962-1965). Već je u to vrijeme predstavljao simbol kršćanskog ekumenizma, baš kao i dosljedne reforme Crkve sukladno Pismu. U tom svom životnom projektu otada ustrajava s nesmanjenom snagom.

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Някои размисли относно религиозната свобода във връзка с член 9 от ЕКПЧ и римското право

Author(s): Malina Novkirishka- Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article discusses Article 9 of the ECHR in parallel with the Roman legal concepts of religious freedom and tolerance, placed mainly in the pagan period until the establishment of Christianity as the only and obligatory state religion at the end of the IV century. Conclusions have been drawn about the universalism adopted in the ius gentium with regard to the religions of the peoples in Romandominated Mediterranean, Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa.

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Защита на правото на свобода на мисълта; съвестта и религията чрез наказателноправни средства

Author(s): Tsvetana Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report reveals essential features of the right to freedom of thought; conscience and religion; according to its regulation in Art. 9 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the practice of the ЕCHR. It presents the criteria by which a restriction of this right shall be considered justified. A retrospect of those norms of the Bulgarian penal laws - from the First Bulgarian Penal Law (1896) to the entry into force of the current Penal Code - which regulate crimes against faith and beliefs is made. The crimes against the religious groups and denominations and some other relevant crimes are analysed; the trend in their future development also is outlined.

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По въпроса за ислямската нормативна възбрана върху виното и противоречащите ѝ практики в средновековния Близък Изток

Author(s): Ana Mincheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present article deals with a contradiction that often makes the understanding of Muslim law and practice hotly debatable. On the one hand, alcohol and its consumption are strictly forbidden (ḥarām) in Islam. On the other hand, abundant evidence from medieval sources indicates that wine was a highly valued and socially accepted substance serving as the lyrical subject of beautiful poems some of which are considered among the finest literary forms in languages, such as Arabic and Persian. This study foregrounds the contradiction between religious norm and social practice that has raised vivid discussions among both Muslim religious scholars and Western Islamicists. The analysis thus aims to frame the issue by delineating the major Islamic scriptural sources and legal positions against the backdrop of selected (post-)modern conceptualizations, such as the approach recently suggested by Shahab Ahmed.

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CHANGES IN THE MORAL-RELIGIOUS BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENTS THROUGH INVOLVEMENT IN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES. RESULTS OBTAINED USING THE INTERVIEW METHOD

Author(s): Ana Fȃntȃnă / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The formation of moral-Christian values begins in the family, which wants the school and society “to be" their allies, to work together so that they (fundamental values based on knowledge, attitudes and behaviours) settle in the life of each young person and become morally upright people, complex personalities characterized by tolerance, respect, continuous personal development, for the benefit of their own and of the community. These Christian values can be successfully promoted, both in the school/ official curriculum, as well as through extracurricular activities (school camps, movie watching, actions to promote some values, charitable actions, patriotic actions, Greening actions, school celebrations, sports competitions etc.). Through the interview method, we collected data through which we intend to highlight the ways in which extracurricular activities support the formation of moral-Christian values, as evidenced by the statements made by young people: the internalization of Christian values, the manifestation of a religious behavior – helping others / volunteering, improving relations with oneself, with peers and, implicitly, with God.

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THE ROLE OF THE ORTHODOX PRIEST IN THE EUCHARISTIC EDUCATION OF THE MEMBERS OF HIS PARISH

Author(s): Cvetelina Sapundzhieva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this paper is to examine the significance of the role of the Orthodox pastor in the Eucharistic education of the members of his parish. The introduction points out to the edifying importance of worship as well as the principle position of the priest in it. The exposition is presented in two sections. Section One reveals the essential activities of the priest in accordance with the texts of the Holy Scriptures as well as with the writings of some Holy Fathers. In those, both the Old Testament and the New Testament, priests are considered as educators, while the activities of the Holy Apostles are presented as a novel New Testament Christian enlightenment. In Section Two the Orthodox pastor is regarded in two aspects – as a priest serving in the alter and as a preacher at the pulpit. The educative power of the Orthodox pastor as a priest in the altar consists precisely of the fact that he stands at the head of the Divine Service, being a prayer mediator between God and the people worshipping at church. He is the chosen vessel of God's edifying Grace, which affects the human mind, heart and will. Through his sermons, the priest elucidates the substance of the Holy Liturgy and emphasizes the crucial importance of each Christian participating in the Holy Eucharist regularly. The conclusion summarizes the topics reviewed in the paper, one of which pointing out to the fact that the Orthodox pastor should enlighten the members of his parish, most of all through his earnest attempt to help them be embodied into Christ.

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Етнорелигиозните предразсъдъци на лишените от свобода

Author(s): Emil Angelov Madzharov,Yoanna Rosenova Andonova-Tsvetanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report presents and analyzes the results of the empirical study of religious tolerance, ethnic prejudice and the religious identity of prisoners. Interpreting the relationships of personal ethno-religious characteristics with the personal and socio-demographic profile of convicts serving their sentence. The role of the prison subculture and groups as a mediator in relation to their ethno-religious prejudices and their interaction with the personal-psychological and socio-demographic parameters of the prisoners is specially emphasized.

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Atheism, Theism, and Reactivation in Turkey Irreligiosity in a Secular State Under an Islamist Conservative Regime

Author(s): Samim Akgönül / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Meryem, a 19-year-old resident of a small and highly conservative town in Northern Turkey, comes from a family that strongly identifies with Turkish nationalism and Sunni Islam. For them, the combination of the two is the only legitimate way to define what it means to be Turkish. In 2019, she was declaring to Euronews that when she sees how religion is used by politics in Turkey, she gets confused as many of her friends, and she was on her way to becoming an atheist “but don’t tell it to (her) mom”. 1 After two decades of an increasing Islamist atmosphere, the main fear of the conservatives in Turkey is to witness more believers but a less practicing generation. Indeed, to the fear of Atheism has been added since 2010 the fear of Deism, i.e., people who believe in Allah, but who think that all the ceremony of Sunni Islam is a political show at worst, a folklore at best. In this chapter, I will try to describe and analyse different attitudes in the Turkish society, especially among youngsters, that can be seen as a reaction to the formal normative Sunni Islam as defended by the political elite

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