Uloga omladinskih organizacija u komunističkoj vladajućoj strukturi

Author(s): Tatjana Šarić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2016

The topic of this paper is the role of youth organisations, the League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia (Savez komunističke omladine Jugoslavije – SKOJ) and the United League of Anti-Fascist Youth of Croatia (Ujedinjeni savez antifašističke omladine Hrvatske – USAOH), from 1946 known as the People’s Youth of Croatia (Narodna omladina Hrvatske – NOH), in the communist power structure of the Federal State (later People’s Republic) of Croatia during the first few years after the end of World War II. These organisations represented the youth wing of the Communist Party (Komunistička partija – KP) and acted as its transmitters in various tasks that needed to be carried out. The SKOJ was the Communist Party’s main ally and support when it came to organising the new order in the country; their modes of operation and organisation were almost identical in the period immediately after the war. Just like the KP, the SKOJ was a closed and relatively tight organisation. It operated simultaneously with the USAOJ (from 1946 the NOJ), a much broader organisation that was under its control. Due to the similarities in their programmes and tasks – both were responsible for fulfilling the KP’s directives – the two organisations were merged following a decision by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1948. The resulting organisation was named the People’s Youth of Croatia. This paper doesn’t follow all the processes in which the youth organisations were involved, instead focusing on their efforts to suppress the regime’s opponents in its goal to win over the youth – primarily the Catholic Church – as well as their actions against opposition among the school and university youth. The SKOJ and NOH put particular emphasis on reducing the influence of the Catholic Church, the strongest opponent of the regime, on the country’s youth, while the Church sought to preserve this influence through various means. The Church gathered the youth at religious services and ceremonies, religious education classes, Catholic organisations, and various educational and entertainment activities, which the NOH opposed through ideological upbringing. This took the form of debate clubs in school, science groups, studies involving subjects that directly negate religion, setting up work organisations in rural areas, and especially youth work actions. The SKOJ and NOH acted harshly against anyone at schools or the University who openly opposed the ruling elite – such students were often expelled from their institutions. Upon taking control of the University, the Party and state leadership mandated the “purging” of the regime’s opponents and the forming of the University as the centre of higher education for new “people’s” professionals – the new socialist intelligentsia. The purges were conducted by the youth organisations under the supervision of the KP and had a strong negative effect on the future of those youths who weren’t supportive towards the regime.

RELIGION-RELIGIOSITY – STATE-NATION

Author(s): Sorin Baciu / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2011

It is already commonplace that, throughout history, religion (in its sense of conviction or belief) has represented the dimension that is constantly present in the development of human communities and in the formation of the physiognomies of cultures and civilizations. At the beginning, we aim to point out this undeniable reality, with its plus and minuses, together with a complementarity which is also indisputable – the appearance, development and impact created by religiosity (seen as the practice of this belief by belonging to a certain church or "religious institution" and by attending and consuming the rituals, as part of an extended group). The second part is intended for a useful and, hopefully, clarifying analysis of an inciting parallelism: religion - religiosity and State - nation. Key points, such as cultural and administrative boundaries, the concept of mechanism, the concept of belonging as an emanation of the mind, the soul and the intellect, or the paradox of the way in which religiosity has operated and continues to operate are, in turn, pointed out and analyzed.

Sprawozdanie z pierwszej edycji cyklu wykładów Kościelne Dzieje Piły przygotowanych z okazji jubileuszu 500-lecia miasta (Piła, 8 października 2013 r. – 25 czerwca 2014 r.)

Author(s): Jarosław Wąsowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2014

„Młodzi na progu” – propozycja kerygmatyczno-mistagogicznego przygotowania do sakramentu bierzmowania

Author(s): Jan Kochel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2017

Initiatory catechesis includes different forms of teaching and upbringing leading to the preparation for receiving the sacraments of Christian initiation. This type of catechesis is realized by the programme Youth on the threshold as material for work with young people preparing in their parish for the sacrament of confirmation. It is a unique way of answering the question: How to help the confirmands remain in the Church and be the Church? A crucial purpose of the programme is to encourage the members of formative meetings to work on their own human development, both intellectual and spiritual. In this programme, the most dominant are existential, kerygmatic and mystagogic aspects, which means it arouses faith and tries to accompany young people in their preparation for receiving the sacrament. Contemporary catechesis should be the catechesis of life which “not only gives ideas but also accompanies us in our pilgrimage” (Francis, Evangelii gaudium, 156–175).

(Nie)zdolność gimnazjalistów do owocnego przyjęcia bierzmowania

Author(s): Janusz Mastalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2017

The author of the article answers the question: What do we mean by one’s inability to receive fruitfully the sacrament of Confirmation? It is a lack of the conditions necessary to multiply graces associated with a particular sacrament. It is a kind of resistance to the use of all the gifts that are connected with the reception of the sacrament. This inability causes one to become a person who wastes the power given by the Lord. The author then discusses the reasons for this inability and simultaneously shows the factors which can enhance a human being’s fruitful reception of the sacraments, especially of the sacrament of Confirmation. Among the factors of inability, the author includes: netoholism, phonoholism (addiction to the internet and the cell phone), defamilization (the undoing of the family), “irresponsibilism”, epidermal (superficial) religiosity, psychocide and spiritocide (the killing of the psyche and the spirit), intrusiveness of global trends and the lack of pastoral creativity for today’s youth. The author also reveals factors which can promote the ability of teenagers to make the sacrament of Confirmation effectively: the multiplicity of methods of evangelization, modern affirmation of integral development, “plasticity” of personality, the desire for community resulting from development, the longing for the sacred and the search for a way to live.

Bierzmowanie jako sakrament misji

Author(s): Piotr Tomasik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2017

The topic of growing into being a mature Christian should be related to the mission, that is, to Christ’s last command. The author of the article responds to the question, to what extent the Christian mission is present in the fruits of the gift of the sacrament of confirmation. To accomplish this task, the author first describes the sacrament of confirmation and Christian mission as is presented in the catechisms and in the documents of the Church, including polish directories regarding catechesis. Then he discusses the change brought about by the understanding of the missions in terms of new evangelization and call to pastoral repentance. As a conclusion, the author suggests some catechetical and pastoral proposals.

Bierzmowanie versus rytuały przejścia

Author(s): Anna Walulik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2017

The aim of the article is to describe the grounding for the need for social rites and to emphasize the dangers of associating them with Christian initiation included in the sacrament of confirmation. The need for rituals, which is a tendency more and more revived in the postmodern society, inspires to rethink the initiation character of the sacrament of confirmation, which is expressed in the very rite of its distribution and reception. Proper introduction of young Christians into the understanding of the essence of the sacrament of confirmation and into the rite itself can satisfy the need for the participation in rituals in general. However, this introduction should not be understood as an alternative to various cultural rites of passage, or to the rituals of initiation, but, first of all, it must be grasped as the experience of God’s presence in all stages of human life and of God’s invitation to friendship through the Church. Preparation for confirmation should help youth to realize that being a Christian demands the conscious involvement in the covenant with God, and Christianity is a chance for a successful life.

Sprawozdanie z 12. Zjazdu Teologów Fundamentalnych 1050-lecie Chrztu Polski. Teologia fundamentalna na straży tożsamości chrześcijańskiej, WSD Koszalin, 22–23 września 2016 roku

Author(s): Wojciech Wójtowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2017

Refleksje pedagogiczno-teologiczne nad procesem destygmatyzacji

Author(s): Kazimierz Pierzchała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Refleksje pedagogiczno-teologiczne dotyczące procesu destygmatyzacji z postawy dewiacyjnej w normatywną ze względu na zastosowanie we wspólnocie kościoła katolickiego inicjuje cytat wypowiedzi Jana Pawła II do więźniów: „Jesteście skazani, to prawda, ale nie potępieni”. Dlatego narracja tego tematu opiera się na podejściu do prawdy o człowieku i Bogu, stosowanym przez uczonego wyznania mojżeszowego, Viktora Emila Frankla, znawcy Starego Testamentu, oraz Jana Pawła II, znawcy Starego i Nowego Testamentu. Ich podejście do tematu jest oparte na poznaniu tego samego Boga i człowieka przez rozum i przez wiarę, co nadaje mu oryginalne znaczenie w historycznym procesie starotestamentowego i nowotestamentowego wytłumaczenia pojednania – czyli powrotu do postawy normatywnej – w wymiarze jednostkowym i wspólnotowym, dotyczącym współczesności.

Pedagogical and Theological Reflections on the De-Stigmatization Process

Author(s): Kazimierz Pierzchała / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Pedagogical and theological thinking about the process of destigmatisation from the deviation attitude into normative one according to using it in the Catholic Church’s Community is initiated by quote of John Paul II to prisoners: “You are sentenced, but not damned”. So that, narration of this topic is based on approach to truth – about a man and God – used by scholar of Jewish faith which was Victor Emil Frankl. He is called as the judge of The Old Testament as John Paul II the judge of Old and New Testament. Their attitude to the topic is based on knowing the same God and a man through the mind and faith, what confers on original meaning in the historical process of Old and New testament’s explanation for reconciliation. In other words, returning to the normative approach in the single and community dimension, involving contemporary times.

“Io sono a scacchi”. L’identità ebraica nell’opera letteraria e teatrale di Janusz Korczak

Author(s): Giovanna Tomassucci / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

This paper focuses on the problem of ethnic coexistence as presented in some of Korczak’s literary and dramatic works, from his earlier humorous short stories to the play The Senate of Madmen. Like many Polish writers, Korczak perceived literature as a space of freedom, but, unlike other Jews writing in Polish, he always stressed his Jewishness and his firm belief in an equal and double identity (Jewish and Polish). In his long literary career Korczak never practiced ethnic agnosticism: on the contrary, he brought the tradition of Ashkenazi humor and Yiddish literary topics (szmonces, schlemiel and nudnik, the shtetl) into Polish culture, converting these symbols of Jewish identity into universal cultural elements.

Kamień odrzucony? Postsekularyzm jako perspektywa interpretacyjna literatury i kultury polskiej

Author(s): Piotr Bogalecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2016

In comparison to other theoretical orientations of recent years, postsecularism does not seem to off erfavourable conditions for studying Polish culture. The possibility of transferring postsecular literature studies (J. McClure) to the field of Polish literature may seem disputable; the hitherto taken attempts, briefly presented in the article, show that as a potential “cornerstone” of new readings in Polish literature, postsecularism has been rejected. Presenting potential benefits which could be yielded by adopting postsecularism as a foundation for an alternative history of selected phenomena within modern Polish culture (chiefly literature, but also cinematography, visual arts and music), the author points at research problems whose complexity and importance can be revealed only by a failure which threatens each attempt at formulating a holistic history of literature and culture. Those research problems include: the intrinsically non-religious uses of religious language in literature; the diversity of poetics of profanity and blasphemy, the role of Communism in literary texts using the language of religion, the performative and political character of literary theologies of the Communist Poland; and secularization of the West as the topic and context of Polish-language literary texts.

Jono Jablonskio religijos leksikos taisymai

Author(s): Aušra Rimkutė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 17/2010

30 December 2010 was the 150th anniversary of the birth of the father of standard Lithuanian Jonas Jablonskis (1860–1930). The article overviews his opinion about some words used in religious writings at the beginning of 20th century. The material for this article was collected from articles about religion, religious education and language of religion textbooks and reviews published in the press of this period (Viltis, Santara, Nepriklausomoji Lietuva, Lietuva, Lietuvos Mokykla, Švietimo darbas, etc.).At the beginning of the 20th century the need to regularise and renew the language of Lithuanian religious writings arose. There were various amendments of religious vocabulary suggested by Jablonskis. He corrected loan-words (abrozas (Pol. obrazek) – paveikslas (image), dūšia (Pol. dusza) – siela (soul), griekas (Belor. грехъ, Pol. grech) – nuodėmė (sin), nabašninkas (Pol. nieboszczyk, Belor. небощык) – velionis (deceased), viera (Rus. вера, Pol. wiara) – tikėjimas (faith)), borrowings of meaning (sutvėrėjas (Pol. stworzyciel) – kūrėjas (creator), tvarinys (Pol. stworzenie) – kūrinys (creation)), badly formed words (he suggested pamaldos instead of dievmeldystė, sakykla instead of pamokslinyčia, dvasininkas instead of dvasionis or dvasiškis), dialeetisms (pakasynos – laidotuvės, pakastuvės) and other. Jablonskis did not try to avoid using non-Lithuanian words, especially if they were commonly used (old borrowings bažnyčia (church), kunigas (priest), etc.) or international words. Jablonskis suggested differentiating the meanings of some words (dausa ‘rojus’ (heaven) and dausos ‘šiltieji kraštai’ (warm countries)).

ІНСТИТУЦІЙНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ ДИСКРИМІНАЦІЇ ЗА РЕЛІГІЙНОЮ ОЗНАКОЮ В УКРАЇНІ

Author(s): Oksana Kukuruz / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2014

Principle of equality in realization of human rights is one of requirements of European Union to the countries, which wanted to become his member. There are 55 religious directions in Ukraine, because providing equal attitude to people, who belongs to different religions, is actually issues. The anti-discrimination law is analysed in this article. There is given the notion "discrimination", which used in Ukrainian law. Facts of religious discrimination in Ukraine are considered. In opinions of experts, religious groups in Ukraine feel discrimination then, when they try to decide some property problems for example, getting land for building of cult buildings or returning of cult buildings. The author of the article thing, that the proved fact of religious discrimination in Ukrainian society are difficult process from such reasons: the most of physical and legal persons, who feel discrimination on the basis of religion, don't apply for court; 2) some persons can't prove, that it is religious discrimination; 3) sometimes the power interferes in process of deciding conflicts between different religious groups and consequently the question is decided in favour of religion, which they support; 4) also the judges don't have proper knowledge’s and experiences for determine facts of religious discrimination.According to Ukrainian legislation state authorities and public organizations defend freedom of religion in Ukraine. The Ministry of Culture of Ukraine and Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and Commissioner of the Supreme Council of Ukraine on Human Rights has most of all functions for prevention and counteraction religious discrimination. The author offers appointed Representative of Commissioner of Supreme Council of Ukraine on Human Rights, who will be counteraction discrimination on the basis of religion. Representative must create program of action for year and give a report to parliament about fulfil the plan.The program should including studies for judges, meeting with international specialists on religious discrimination. Such subjects as Supreme Council of Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, other state authorities, local authorities, public organizations, and physical and legal persons have to help The Representative of Commissioner of Supreme Council of Ukraine on Human Rights to make organizational measures for prevention and counteraction religious discrimination. The Representative must create Internet page dedicated to discrimination on the basis on religion. The page should include the following information: 1) international and national legislation about freedom of religion; 2) notion, kinds, forms of religious discrimination (also denote religion discrimination features in each area, for example, in employment, education, health care etc.); 3) documents and practice of European Union to prevent and counteraction discrimination on the basis of religion; 4) anti-discrimination law and his using in Ukraine; 5) statistic of facts religious discrimination in Ukraine 6) ways to protect against religious discrimination, including advices of lawyers, placement of sample documents, list of special institutions, which you can contact in case of need; 7) telephone number of a lawyer of Representative, who has duty to provide advice to persons, who submitted applications for the fact of religious discrimination; 8) list of agencies, institutions, organizations, that have dealing with protect against religious discrimination (name of the person, who is responsible for some questions, phone number, postal and e-mail).Besides state, the right to freedom of religion is provided NGOs, associations, research institutions, which analysing the situation in the sphere of religion and informing society about facts of breaking this right. There are listed the most of these organizations particular All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organization. It is representative interfaith advisory organ, which includes 18 Churches and Religious Organizations (1 interchurch and religious organization), which together represent over 95% of the religious network and all major denominations Ukraine.The author considers that representatives of state authorities and public organizations, who prevented and counteracted discrimination on the basis of religion, should create a Commission of experts. Basic duty of Commission should be realization anti-discrimination expertise of current laws, projects of new laws and regulatory acts concerning freedom of religion.So, it is necessary to combine the efforts of all these organizations for providing principle of equality in realization of human rights in sphere in religion. In this way we can provide effective realization Ukrainian legislation concerning prevention and counteraction discrimination on the basis of religion.

Wizja moralności chrześcijańskiej w publikacjach „Gazety Wyborczej” w Wielkim Jubileuszu Roku 2000.

Author(s): Paweł Lewandowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

„Gazeta Wyborcza” is considered to be one of the most influential and opinion-generating Polish newspapers. Since its inception, it regularly publish-es articles on topics closely related to the Church. During the Jubilee of the Year 2000 „Gazeta Wyborcza” published 677 texts on the Church, its pastoral leaders and faithful, texts broaching issues of ethics and Christian morality.The vision of Christian morality created by „Gazeta Wyborcza” is incompatible with the interpretation of the Magisterium of the Church. The journalists take up a fight with the Church – a teacher of Christian ethical principles, especially through the use of deliberate demoralization.According to the columnists, the most respected value should be tolerance.However, this „tolerance” is – in the opinion of the journalʼs editors – an abandonment of the defense of their professed principles, as well as not giving their view point concerning good and evil.In „Gazeta Wyborcza” we find praise for a culture that believes that in vitro fertilization, abortion and euthanasia are a sign of progress and a triumph of freedom. In the Year 2000, the journalists of „Gazeta Wyborcza” devoted many publications to propagating homosexual attitudes.

Appropriated Islam: Hindu-Muslim cultural symbiosis and matriliny among the Mappilas of Kerala

Author(s): Musthafa Farook,Heskareli E.C. / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Marumakkathayam or the  matrilineal form of inheritance is an important social institution that emerged in Kerala around the beginning of Ninth Century A.D. Some prominent sections in the Hindu community practised this system. Joint families under the  headship of the eldest female member was a peculiar feature of this system. The male members were visitors of the household and the inheritance of the property went to the children of the female members. Gradually, the women became the owners of  property. The system was also prevalent among the Mappilas of the land. Different reasons are attributed for the emergence of matriliny among them. But the conversion of the matrilineal Hindus to Islam is the real cause for adaptation of this institution in Muslim society.

Pranciškonai iš Lietuvos Sovietų Sąjungoje: veiklos chronologija, geografija ir tipologija

Author(s): Viktor Bilotas ,Kęstutis Žemaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 63/2017

The article researches the existence and ministry of Franciscan friars in the territory of the Soviet Union during 1941–1991. In the light of printed sources, the historical – geographical view of ministry and its type is portrayed. The findings are reflected in the conclusion and portrayed in tables and map.

Duchowi przewodnicy niemieckich katolików w pielgrzymkach do Skrzatusza w relacjach Johannesbote

Author(s): Krzysztof Zadarko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2017

The article analyzes the memories of pilgrims coming to the Marian shrines in Skrzatusz and Rokitno and to the former Free Prelature of Pila (Piła) in the years 1983–2013. These were printed in the same time in the Prelature’s journal Johannesbote. The whole picture of pilgrimage testimonies consists of not only their personal, internal, and religious experiences. They are tightly connected with the painful war history and complicated Polish-German relations. The clergy plays an important role in shaping the attitudes of German Catholics not only in sole faith, but also in relations with Poles, in the overwork of their common history. We can read of some concrete figures of bishops and priests who were also expelled, sharing the fate of their faithful for the rest of their lives. These are testimonies of gratitude of Catholics for their faithful life, the sacraments received, and for help to build a new identity in their postwar history.

Johannesbote Rundbrief des Heimatwerkes der Katholiken aus der Freien Prälatur Schneidemühl (Grenzmark Posen–Westpreussen), Weihnachten 68(2016)

Author(s): Tadeusz Ceynowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2017

Sprawozdanie z czwartej edycji wykładów w cyklu Kościelne Dzieje Piły, 26 października 2016 r. – 7 czerwca 2017 r.

Author(s): Jarosław Wąsowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2017