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Tęsknota, smutek, żal w dwóch rosyjskich przekładach Pana Tadeusza.

Author(s): Leokadia Styrcz-Przebinda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

The articles aims at comparing the ways of expressing sadness, regret and nostalgia in two Russian translations of the Polish Romantic epic poem Pan Tadeusz by Adam Mickiewicz, authored by Zuzanna Mar and Światosław Świacki. A particular attention is drawn to two among the numerous Russian equivalents – ТОСКА and УМИЛЕНИЕ, since these are regarded as unique linguocultural concepts and considered untranslatable. The collected quotations have been collected and are presented in tables, which facilitates the demonstration of the varying translation solutions in the contexts under discussion, as well as capture certain permanent ways of speaking about sadness and nostalgia within the Russian linguistic picture of the world. Also discussed are selected issues of Mickiewicz reception formerly and recently as well as the question of emancipation of translations into full-fledged, independent literary texts which enter the cultural circulation.

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Polska roku 1989 na łamach tygodnika „Russkaja Mysl”

Author(s): Bartosz Gołąbek / Language(s): Russian,Polish Issue: 2/2019

The aim of this paper is to present the perspective of Polish reforms of the year 1989 adoptedin the Russian émigré weekly Russkaya Mysl. The editors of the periodical were persuaded topresent the situation of communist Poland thanks to their collaborator – poet and Polish-Russiantranslator Natalya Gorbanevskaya. Her Polish expertise and direct contacts establishedwith Polish dissidents and opposition leaders played a great role in the Polish publications ofRusskaya Mysl: articles, commentaries as well as the coverage of Round Table negotiationsand the elections of 4 June 1989, and finally the first government with non-communist PrimeMinister. All that information was published, without any doubt, due to the favourable attitudeand ideological influence of Natalya Gorbanevskaya herself.

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Русь и её святые в славянском учении Иоанна Павла II. Между историей и настоящим

Author(s): Grzegorz Przebinda / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 3/2020

The article attempts a synthetic description of the attitude of John Paul II – “the Pope from Poland” – to the religious tradition of Kievan Rus, a territory of shared spiritual and historical heritage for Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Identifying himself with the heritage of the Jagiellonian Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, John Paul II preached the “ecumenism of a greater Europe” in his official documents and statements, during his pilgrimages, and through the example of his own life. His teaching encompassed both, the Catholic West and Central Europe, with their spiritual patron in the figure of St. Benedict, as well as the Orthodox and Greek Catholic Eastern Europe, patroned by the brother saints Cyril and Methodius. Speaking of European spirituality the Polish Pope often referred to the metaphor of “the two lungs of Christianity” coined by the Russian symbolist poet and thinker, Vyacheslav Ivanov, in 1930. This broad ecumenical concept, which stands at the basis of the Pope’s vision of “Europe from the Atlantic to the Ural Mountains,” brings together the Roman Catholics, the Greek Catholics of the Byzantine Rite, and the members of all the Orthodox churches functioning among the nations of southern and eastern Europe. The article underlines the importance of the ecumenical stance of the Polish Pope and shows how his openness towards the Russian Orthodox Church prepared ground for the first historical meeting of a pope and a patriarch of Moscow – this epochal event happened in Cuba on 12 February 2016 between Pope Francis I and the Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus’ Cyril I.

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Interactive metadiscourse in dentistry research articles: Iranian vs non-Iranian academic writers

Author(s): Mohsen Khedri,Elham Basirat / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Linguistically, interactive metadiscourse devices are responsible for creating an unfolding and persuasive piece of writing. They help writers come up with a cohesive and reader- friendly text and highlight how they control the interactive meaning. This corpus-driven study is an attempt to explore the use of interactive metadiscourse markers in English dentistry research articles published in International ISI-indexed and Iranian local research-based journals. The aim was to see if interactive resources, as realized by rhetorical options, such as transitions, code glosses, endophoric markers, evidentials, and frame markers, are predisposed to discipline-specific rhetorical conventions. To this end, fourty dentistry research articles were analyzed using Hyland’s (2005) Interpersonal Model of Metadiscourse. The results disclosed similarities and differences in both the frequency and use of interactive resources between the two sets of research articles. The present results are expected to extend our understanding of authorial preferences for the use of metadiscourse markers in tandem with discourse functions in research articles in the selected discipline. The results of such studies may also improve different features of language pedagogy, such as teaching and learning academic writing, namely research articles.

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Изгубената памет, изгубеното по пътя: антихуманистичният скептицизъм в романа „Везни“ на Павел Вежинов

Author(s): Plamen Antov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article examines the last novel of Pavel Vezhinov–Libra (1982), which in a narrower sense also culminates the last, clearly separated period/section in the writer’s work–the philosophical-scientific one (after the novel The Barrier, 1976). Here, the novel’s fiction masks in a highly stripped-down fashion a central scientific theory, both civilizational and biological–of human evolution as devolution. Part of a larger study, the article discusses the P. Vezhinov’s radical anti-humanist criticism in the broad context of late modern philosophical skepticism (Heidegger, Deep Ecology) and its autochthonous reflections in Bulgarian literature during the second half of the twentieth century.

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„Бялата стая“: отвъд текста и контекста

Author(s): Tatyana Batuleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The essay is dedicated to Bogomil Raynov's story Roads to Nowhere and the script of the film “The White Room” based on it. Through parallels with examples of existentialist literature and authors such as J.-P. Sartre and A. Camus, it is shown that the work bears the marks of a literary work created with the pathos of existentialism, which encodes the main stages and dimensions of rebellion (metaphysical, political, artistic). The role of the color white, internal monologue, movement, detail, and the convergent-divergent effect obtained from the use of the second person in the narrative is emphasized. The external signs of chaos and awareness of the absurd are sought. The thesis is defended that with the story Raynov in his way reaches the idea of the conscious choice of responsibility and human solidarity of Je me révolte, donc nous sommes (I rebel, therefore we are!) of Camus.

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Bulgarisch kukurùz „Mais“ und Bulgarisch čùška „Paprikaschote“ in ihrem mediterranen Kontext

Author(s): Corinna Leschber / Language(s): German Issue: 1-2/2023

Bulgarian words and their history have been considered from different viewpoints; the Bulgarian language as a Slavic language, that is in interdependence with its south–eastern European neighbors, the Bulgarian language under the influence of the Turkish language and the oriental languages, and even Bulgarian as a European language in typological terms (HSK Haspelmath 2001, Leschber 2005), and against a general background of the European Union (Schaller 2018). However, the fact that Bulgarian is a southern European language in the extended Mediterranean area has seldom been considered. In the following it will be shown that this approach brings advantages for the solution of long–discussed etymological problems. While bg. kukurùz “corn” is solely a regionally used word along with the common Bulgarian word càrevica “corn”, the Bulgarian čùška “bell pepper, pod” is a Bulgarian vegetable that literally creates an identity, and which is seen as belonging to the “essence of Bulgarianness”. Indeed, this is epitomized by a curiosity like the čùškopèk, “a device for baking bell pepper”, which is exclusively in use in Bulgaria. It is often emphasized that only Bulgarians know what a čùškopèk is and what it is used for. The Bulgarian čùška thus ranks as a key cultural term. Here it is shown that Bulgarian cultural key terms, as already indicated in the paper on Bulgarian kùker, a “figure masked with fur in winter customs” (Leschber 2009, Bengtson & Leschber 2019: 17) are related to their environment and are part of a larger cultural network, in this case, of a Mediterranean network. An important fact is that both vegetables are not native to Europe, but were introduced to Europe very late, at the time of Columbus (1492). In Europe, the renaming of these foreign vegetables was done by substituting native designations, whose history stretches far back into the continent's past.

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Engagement in initiation, response and feedback in l2 classroom interactions

Author(s): Masoomeh Estaji,Meisam Mirzaei Shojakhanlou / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Engagement in the L2 classroom is consequential for enhancing the quality of L2 learning experiences; however, the exploration of engagement in the Initiation, Response, and Feedback (IRF) cycles has received scant attention in L2 pedagogy. This study reports on research, examining engagement in Initiation, Response, and Feedback moves in the IRF cycles. Video recordings and questionnaires were used to collect data from ten EFL classes, being directed by eight teachers, with 73 learners. Using a post-interaction questionnaire and conversation analysis of classroom interactions, the analysis of the data revealed 784 triadic cycles out of which 493 moves embodied engagement. The data showed that not only do the Response and Feedback stages afford L2 learners the opportunity to deliberate on Form-focused language-related episodes (F-LREs), Lexis-focused LREs (L-LREs), and Mechanical LREs (M-LREs), but they also promote social and affective engagement. The comments on the questionnaire also revealed a deeper understanding of the participants’ affective engagement. The findings revealed that certain features of the IRF cycles and peers’ contributions encourage engagement during the IRF cycles. The results also demonstrated that scaffolding, mutuality, reciprocity, back-channeling, and commenting on preceding contributions made L2 learners socially engaged. The analysis suggests that the IRF cycles can create ad-hoc chances for engagement in L2 classroom interactions.

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What is in the paragraphs of various sections of research articles?

Author(s): Renata Pípalová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper strives to uncover the leading paragraph build-up patterns in academic writing. It employs the framework pioneered by Mathesius (1942/1982) and Daneš (1994, 1995), and elaborated on by Pípalová (2005, 2008a, 2008b, 2014). The corpus assembled for the study involves three distinct sections of Research Articles, viz. Abstracts, Introductions and Conclusions. The research confirms the general prevalence of Broad P-theme paragraphs, especially the Content Frame categories. It also demonstrates that non-canonical (i.e. transitional and peripheral) forms of paragraph build-up tend to prevail and identifies a number of factors at play. The paper also shows that the distribution of paragraph patterns is not homogeneous and appears to change across the space of the Research Articles.

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“Where got i that truth?” an analysis of external sources in English and Persian news reports on Syria

Author(s): Abbas A. Rezaee,Mohammad Mozaffari / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

While there has been a plethora of inquiries into reported speech, a cross-linguistic analysis of the source segments in political news reports is still a rarity. This study aims at a three-fold investigation: first, tracking the frequency, transparency, and types of the sources; second, identifying the strategies employed to introduce these sources in text, and third, interrogating the contextual elements. To this end, a bottom-up analysis of 120 news reports from four quality newspapers (Kayhan and Jomhouri-e Eslami from Iran and The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal from the U.S.), mainly informed by van Leeuwen’s (1996) model of social actors, was carried out. The findings suggest a heavy reliance of both sets of newspapers on external sources to fulfill their vested interests, although they varied significantly with respect to frequency, transparency, and type.

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Review

Author(s): Helena Worthington / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Review of: Locher, M. A. and Jucker, A. H. (2021) The Pragmatics of Fiction: Literature, Stage and Screen Discourse. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 275 pp.

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Spojrzenie „bez podmiotu”. [Recenzja książki Aleksandry Ubertowskiej „Historie biotyczne. Pomiędzy estetyką a geotraumą”. Warszawa: Instytut Badań Literackich PAN, 2020]

Author(s): Katarzyna Koza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2023

The text is a review of Aleksandra Ubertowska’s book, Historie biotyczne. Pomiędzy estetyką a geotraumą [Biotic histories. Between aesthetics and geotrauma]. The starting point becomes the biocentric lens applied by the researcher and the geo-story behind it. Equally interesting and important are the possibilities of ecocritical theories in interpretation and their application in the Polish ground.

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Černobyľská havária: environmentálna komunikácia v socialistickej tlači.

Author(s): Patrícia Molnárová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2023

The study deals with the reflection of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion (1986) in the ideologically determined environment of the socialist daily press. The issue is interpreted in relation to environmental communication about a historical event with a direct impact on the environment. The interdisciplinary theoretical background links environmental communication, environmental history, political-ideological and media discourse of the socialist era in the time of emerging glasnost and perestroika. The aim of the research is to present the media portrayal of an environmental event in its historical, political, and ideological context and to outline the primary communication techniques used to convey it. The research interpretations are based on a content and critical analysis of 35 texts published in the Slovak national (Pravda) and regional periodicals (Smer) within one month after the Chernobyl accident. The research sample includes reports, interviews, articles, commentaries, and statements by the highest officials of the Soviet Union. In the contemporary context, environmental issues are subordinated to the political-ideological media discourse in terms of both the formal positioning in the analysed medium and the content focus of the text. The research results reflect the characteristic manifestations of the language of the socialist period (manipulative communicative techniques, emotionally determined argumentation, information selection, schematization, stereotyping, argument from authority, etc.) applied to the conditions of environmental communication.

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RITUAL ROADWAYS AND PLACES OF POWER IN THE CHACO WORLD (ca. AD 850–1150)

Author(s): Robert S. Weiner / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper considers the topic of sacred spaces in North America through the vantage offered by Chacoan roads, monumental avenues constructed by Ancestral Four Corners people of the US Southwest from ca. AD 850–1200. I begin with a critique of the concept of the “sacred” as applied to the Chacoan past, suggesting instead that the Indigenous North American concept of power (in the sense of potent, generative force infused throughout the environment) offers a more culturally relevant framing. Next, I present three examples of locations along Chacoan roads that I argue were recognized as places of power due to the inherent landscape affordances of these locales. I close by briefly describing some of the practices carried out along Chacoan roads and drawing a connection between the understanding of “sacredness” evidenced through the archaeology of Chacoan roads and contemporary Native American activist efforts to protect landscapes of great power and meaning.

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CZECH SACRED PLACES IN TEXAS AS THE KEY ELEMENT FOR PRESERVING CZECH IDENTITY

Author(s): Lukáš Perutka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The process of Czech and Moravian immigration to Texas is a well-known phenomenon. Since 1848, tens of thousands decided to cross the ocean to seek a better future in the “Lone Star state.“ Although their history is well documented, there are still themes to be explored. Their religious activity and the connection it has created with their metropolis is one of them. The church and its institutions sent priests to America to attend to the immigrants in their mother tongue and helped them preserve their cultural identity. Furthermore, they organized the construction of their sacred places that would remind the parishioners of their home country. One example could be the famous painted churches still present in Texas today. This topic has not received proper attention from historians because it requires studying sources on both sides of the Atlantic. The presented contribution tries to change this unflattering fact using the microhistorical approach. Its aim is threefold. First, explain the historical dimension of the religious connection between the Czech and Moravian immigrants in Texas with their metropolis. Second, describe the sacred places of the immigrants, how they were built, what role they played in their everyday life, and how they established a bond with their country of origin. Third, what importance did the sacred places of the Czechs and Moravians have in preserving their language and cultural identity? The microhistorical approach demands the use of various and fragmented sources, and this study will be no exception. It will use archive material from Austria and the Czech Republic, principally the funds of the religious organizations that supported the immigrants in Texas, such as the Leopoldine Society. Furthermore, the article will use published contemporary personal recounts and secondary literature. The content of these sources will be critically analysed to answer the research questions and hopefully contribute to the theme of religion and its invaluable role in an immigrant society.

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Antyputinowska Rosja Dmitrija Bykowa. Z Polską nie tylko w tle

Author(s): Grzegorz Przebinda / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 6/2023

The article is an attempt to describe the anti-Putin stance of contemporary Russian writerand thinker Dmitry Lvovich Bykov (b. 1967), from his first novel Justification (2020) to his most recent pro-freedom and anti-imperialist statements from July 2023, when he was already in exile in the USA. The author’s key text here is the 2019 article 20 Years of Putin – 20 Years in Reverse Gear, in which the author reaffirms his negative attitude toward Putinism as “archaic imperialism”, the cause of Russia’s illegal annexation of Ukraine’s Crimea and now Russia’s February 24, 2022 attack on Ukraine. The article also discusses Bykov’s negative attitude toward historical and contemporary Russian fascism, of which the writer also considers Fyodor Dostoevsky to be largely representative. An important part of the article is also a general description of Bykov’s very positive attitude to contemporary Polish culture and literature – mainly to the works of Leszek Kolakowski, Stanislaw Lem, Wislawa Szymborska, Agnieszka Osiecka, Czeslaw Milosz. The text ends by recalling Dmitry Bykov’s dramatic and compassionate statement of July 6, 2023, on the death of the 37-year-old Ukrainian writer Victoria Amelina, who died of wounds sustained under Russian bombs in Kramatorsk, in the Donetsk region of Ukraine. At the same time, the article is a kind of extensive introduction to the reading of Grzegorz Przebinda’s interview with Dmitry Bykov, published immediately below in “Studia Pigoniana”, recorded in Krakow in October 2019 on the occasion of the Russian writer’s stay at the Conrad Festival.

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MAKING INDIGENOUS RELIGION AT THE SAN FRANCISCO PEAKS: Navajo Discourses and Strategies of Familiarization

Author(s): Seth Schermerhorn / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Navajo claims pertaining to the sacredness of the San Francisco Peaks (as well as those of other Native American tribes), while no doubt profoundly sincere, are necessarily and strategically positioned in relation to the contemporary legal struggles within which they have arisen. However, I cannot stress too heavily that this should not suggest that their claims are spurious, invented, or in other words “inauthentic.” Greg Johnson asserts that “frequently, the specter against which authenticity is measured is what critics might call ‘postured tradition,’ a shorthand means of suggesting that tradition expressed in political contexts is ‘merely political’” (2007: 3). To be sure, the discourses that posit the sacredness of the Peaks are fundamentally and simultaneously both religious and political; yet this does not necessarily mean that traditional religious claims made in contemporary political contexts are motivated by purely political considerations. Although these claims are necessarily formulated to persuade others of the incontestable ‘authenticity’ of their claims, I suggest that the degree to which this incontestability is achieved is directly related to an accumulation and accretion of discourse resulting from nearly four decades of continuing conflict at the Peaks.For the purposes of this article, I have primarily limited my inquiry to the claims of only one of five tribes engaged in the litigation concerning the San Francisco Peaks between 2005 and 2009: the Navajos. Moreover, they are only one of at least thirteen Native American tribes to describe the Peaks as sacred. My limited focus is not intended to suggest that the claims of these other tribes are less important, or especially less ‘authentic.’ Rather, the only compelling reason that I do not provide a full analysis of every tribe’s claims regarding the sacredness of the Peaks is the limitation of space in this project.

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INDIGENOUS BURIAL SPACES IN MEDIA: Views of Mi’gmaq Cemeteries as Sites of Horror and the Sacred

Author(s): Jennifer Stern / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The term “ancient Indian burial ground” holds bifurcated meaning for Indigenous and mainstream populations. What one group may respect as sacred ground where their ancestors rest, another sees the mystical –and frequently evil– site of forces beyond their knowledge influenced by an ethnic Other. This paper explores this dual labeling of North American Indigenous burial sites through media by looking at representations of Mi’gmaq burial gravesites. In director Jeff Barnaby’s 2013 Rhymes for Young Ghouls, main character Aila (Devery Jacobs) confronts two burial sites that turn the mainstream stereotype on its head: that of her mother which situates Indigenous burials in a contemporary context and that of a mass grave of children at her residential school which places malintent on settler colonial practices. The film highlights Indigenous ways of coping with these practices including violence, substance abuse, and art. Dissimilarly, Pet Sematary’s (1989) plot involves no Mi’gmaq representation but follows non-Indigenous Louis (Dale Midkiff) as he interacts with a stereotypical Indian burial ground imbued with evil, unknown magic that leads to the inevitable downfall of his entire family. Both films interestingly include zombies, and they portray Indigenous burial spaces similarly as shot from above and filled with fog. However, their conclusive statements placing the blame behind the horror are vastly different.

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Страстите на душата: в старата и новата българска литература: опит за сравнение

Author(s): Hristo Saldzhiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article explores a big number of lexical and figurative similarities concerning the passions of the soul conveyed in the works of two authors who take significant place in the history of the medieval and modern Bulgarian literature – the first one is the XIV century author of religious anthems – Efrem and the second is Yavorov – one of the most famous Bulgarian poets from the very beginning of the XX century. Efrem’s views about the fall, passions and contrition of the soul, as well as the connections of these views with the Christian penitential literature and st. Paul’s letter to the Romans are regarded in details. Special attention is paid to Efrem’s soteriological notion of inferno which is rooted in psalms and the Christian idea of Jesus’ victory over death. This soteriological notion essentially differs from the mythological notion of inferno taking place in other literary traditions from the same period. In respect to the passions of the soul the analysis of the poetry of Yavorov reveals a big number of figurative and lexical similarities with Efrem’s anthems. I conclude that the similarities in question are not result of cultural continuum between Yavorov and Efrem but originate from common dramatic experiences exceeding epochs and the peculiarities of literary genres. These common experiences give rise to similar metaphysic language used by both authors.

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Езикът на свещеноиконом Димитър Петканов (лексикални и стилистични аспекти)

Author(s): Teodora G. Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The publication examines several lexical and stylistic fragments, which are fundamental for deciphering the linguistic handwriting of the understudied talented hymnwriter and storyteller eonomost Dimitar Petkanov, brother of the famous writer Konstantin Petkanov. The source of the excerpted material are volume 2 (April – June) and volume 4 (October – December) of the hagiographic tetralogy„In the year of our Lord“, written until 1956 and published by the author’s heirs in 2016 – 2017. An illustrative text has also been isolated from the poetry collection„Solar Songs“ and the autobiography “A Book about My Brother”. The purpose of the study is to highlight the lexical and stylistic methods which the original lyrical excerpts created by the poet are constructed. The three aspects analyzed are: the poetic vocabulary, the rhetorical tropes and figures used; sixteen of the occasional units; six of the author's key concepts (God, rapture, health, honey, light, darkness).

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