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Jazyk tvarovaný excesem

Author(s): Tomáš Jirsa / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2017

Over the past two decades, the “affective turn” has substantially influenced different humanities such as political theory, sociology, cognitive psychology and aesthetics. Literary studies,however, take a rather distant stance, overlooking affects as unanalysable emotional responsesor mere reader’s affections. Drawing on recent works in media philosophy, film theory and visual anthropology, this paper addresses the questions of what exactly affects do with language and how they operate within a literary text. The first part briefly sketches the strong and weak points of the affective turn and the second part develops the most fruitful concepts relating affects to their forms and transmissions. In order to expand on Ernst van Alphen’s list of the affective operations, the third part examines a few corporeal figures in Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories, exploring their affective mediality triggered by various repetitive patterns.Finally, a hypothesis of the aesthetic nature of affects exceeding borders between different media and aesthetic forms is offered.

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Digital postmodernism

Author(s): Mariusz Pisarski / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

The article attempts to highlight a major aesthetic shift that is taking place in electronic literature: born-digital literary production written and read on computers and smartphones.A large proportion of recent e-literature is not only disseminated via social networks but its form and content is increasingly being shaped by Facebook, Twitter and their preferred communication formats (tweets, posts, statuses). The experimental phase of electronic literature when contemporary writers were establishing their identity by relating their poetics and ideologies to those of the modernist avant-gardes of the 20th century (a trend labelled by Jessica Pressman as “digital modernism”) is giving way to a more ludic approach where e-literature is seeking out a larger audience via social media and in the language of social media (a tendencyI call “digital postmodernism”). In the process, the scale and scope of a single work is being further compressed and the human author is being accompanied by non-human agents(network algorithms, bots). Is literature still literature, or perhaps – in this context and point of view – should we treat it as post-literature?

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Slovo jako předmět, pohyb, energie

Author(s): Jana Kostincová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2017

The article discusses possible interpretational approaches towards literary texts that cross the borders of the printed page and enter either public or virtual space in the forms of gallery installations, public performances and various genres of electronic literature. It argues that a very ambitious and highly interesting experiment is being pursued in the dynamic area of in-between – a transmedia dimension which generates artefacts that tackle recipients’ visual,aural as well as haptic experience. The author discusses several methodological approaches which can be used to study this kind of artistic utterance and attempts to present and interpret several works that represent transmedia artefacts.

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Political commitment and the international construction of symbolic recognition during the Cold War. The impact of the 1956 crises on literary transfers

Author(s): Ioana Popa / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The article examines the impact that the political crises which occurred in 1956 in two communist countries in Eastern Europe (Hungary and Poland) had on the translation in France of literary works originating in these countries. The aim is not to analyse the dynamics of these crises as such, but their effects on the internationalization of the professional trajectories of writers who expressed a political commitment on this occasion, and on the circulation of their works. The analysis also takes into account the reconfiguration of the intellectual space in which these works were translated, targeting the redefinition of the positions of various actors who favoured the literary transfers. These different angles of analysis enable one to investigate, on several levels, the link between political commitment and the international circulation of literary works, showing that an overlapping between the political and literary stages occurred far beyond the national spaces in which the crises of 1956 took place.

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Próza „Tma nemá stín“ a film „Démanty noci“

Author(s): Jiří Holý,Šárka Sladovníková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2019

The article deals with several versions of the short story “Darkness Casts no Shadow” byArnošt Lustig and the film adaptation of this work, Diamonds of the Night, directed by JanNěmec. Lustig has gradually expanded his story in new versions. The author, who lived in the1970s and 1980s in the U.S., obviously rewrote his text with regard to American readers. JanNěmec’ s film adaptation, which premiered in 1964, is an experimental film that re-evaluatescinematic conventions. On the one hand, it uses surreal elements, on the other hand authenticdevices.

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Durychova novela „Boží duha“ vo filmovom spracovaní

Author(s): Ján Gallik,Zuzana Vargová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2019

The displacement of Germans from Czechoslovakia after the end of World War II is a tragicevent that greatly affected many people’ s lives. The treatment of this subject in Czech literaturetook various forms, ranging from the schematically modelled literature of socialist realism,which mainly perceived the displacement of Germans as an act of righteous retaliationfor the horrors of war caused by German fascists, to existentially tuned works that perceivedthis event on the basis of the deeper causes of misunderstanding and hostility of both nations.As the philosopher Jan Patočka states in the epilogue (1991) to Jaroslav Durych’ s novel God’ sRainbow, the author who created a great song of regret which conditioned and prepared hopefor the spiritual reconciliation of the Czech and German nation was finally found. The meritof the comparison of Durych’ s novel and its television adaptation from 2007 (by director andscreenwriter Jiří Svoboda) is mainly the question whether the adaptation puts only the tragicnature of the theme of the displacement of Germans from the Czech border at the forefront orif it tries to display also the difficult platform of the Baroque phenomenon (e. g. focusing onspace or characters). In Durych’ s work, including God’ s Rainbow, specifically in the language,composition, stylistic construction, motifs, symbols or function of detail, there is an evidenceof enhancing the Baroque perception of reality.

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Moc totalitní, ale ne totální? Úvahy o románu „Žert“ Milana Kundery a jeho filmové adaptaci

Author(s): Agnieszka Janiec-Nyitrai / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2019

The aim of the piece is to characterize the ways in which the novel The Joke (1967) by MilanKundera and its film adaptation (directed by Jaromil Jireš, 1968) show the relationshipbetween man and totalitarian power. The study depicts the means by which the communistsociety used mechanisms of re-education of the individual. The key concepts applied for thisanalysis are homo sovieticus (Józef Tischner) and total institution (Erving Goffman). The goalof the study is to broaden the understanding of totalitarianism from a narrow political conceptto philosophical and sociological meaning.

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„Nová“ skutočnosť a znamenia proti ideológii v literatúre a vo filme: „Tri dcéry“

Author(s): Martina Petríková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2019

Bednár Uher’ s work from the sixties can be regarded as a testimony about a period conditionedby totalitarian ideology and about a man who is confronted with turning moments in history.He increases his human value “only” by life, by the moral value choice, not by submittingto the norms of the system. That is why the screenplay (1968) and the film Three Daughters(1967) are targeted against totalitarianism. The contemporary communist ideology, which“writes the history” with language as an example of socio-cultural pressure, by its symbols asmodels for reality, is confronted with character personalities of the thematic historical sectionthey have formed to the extent that they have different attitudes within individual discourses.In the story of Three Daughters the heroine defends her father and she beats “culture of power”only in the perspective.

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„Veľký zošit“ Agoty Kristof a jeho filmová adaptácia: svedectvo o (ne)dobrovoľnej anestézii

Author(s): Markéta Andričíková,Peter Getlík / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2019

This study analyses the famous novel The Notebook (Le Grand Cahier, 1986) by the Hungarian-Swiss Francophone novelist Ágota Kristóf (1935–2011) and its film adaptation TheNotebook (A nagy füzet, 2013) directed by Hungarian film director János Szász, as the allegoryof “Big History”, as the recording of human tragedy (or the tragedy of human destructivenessand lust for power) and also the tragedy of the individual. We also focus on special narrativetechniques (1st person plural narrator, narrative voice as homo duplex), which are especiallysignificant in relation to brutal scenes of violence, sexual deviations, moral violations, and itsfilm transformation.

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Mrożkova „Zmluva“ a (ne)prítomnosť obrazu strednej Európy v slovenských televíznych adaptáciách 1990 – 1993

Author(s): Jana Dudková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2019

This article analyses the specific case of the Slovak television adaptation of Sławomir Mrożek’ slesser-known stage play The Contract (1986). The play was written before the fall of communismby the famous Polish exile playwright, and was shot for Slovak television in 1992 bythe ex-Yugoslav director Goran Marojević. This resulted in multiple shifts in the meaningsand visibility of various geopolitical concepts used in the play, including a reduction of referencesthat could render the director’s origin more visible. The paper focuses especially on thereplacement of significant references to Balkan and Orientalist discourse (which are parodicallyoverused in the play) with the more readable concept of Central Europe (which staysunnamed in the play). In the final section, the paper also analyses the position of The Contractwithin the broader context of contemporary Slovak television production, which usuallyavoided Central European authors or direct images of Central Europe, but on the other handadded indirect references to the concept of Central Europe even to works which originallylacked them. The result in both cases was the frequent usage of allegorical meanings, maskingor inversion that followed uncertainties typical for transition from the announcement ofSoviet perestroika to (un)expected post-communist condition.

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Verfahren der Adaptation deutscher Vorlagen im Notiz- und Exzerptbuch von Samuel Ferjenčík

Author(s): Anita Braxatorisová,Martin Braxatoris / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2024

The paper looks into the German-language manuscript notebook and excerpt book of Samuel Ferjenčík (1793 – 1855) from the 1840s. The authors comprehensively reconstructed the sources of notes and excerpts, although the manuscript, with only a few exceptions, contained no references. The German-language originals and their adaptations in Ferjenčík’s manuscript were analysed, especially substitutions, contextual transpositions, insertions, etc. The paper used the concepts of intertextuality, hypertextuality, transformation, and imitation to interpret the text. Research results provide an insight into the Ferjenčík’s thoughts during the preparation and organization of the political text Slovenský prestolný prosbopis [Slovak petition to the throne] from 1842, written not long before the revolutionary events of 1848 – 1849. It also examines the reading of this Slovak intellectual of his time, the German-language sources he used and the problems he tried to grasp through parallels and analogies.

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Slowakische Identität bei Samuel Ferjenčík im Spiegel seiner Aufzeichnungen

Author(s): László V. Szabó / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2024

The article addresses the issue of national identity from the perspective of the Slovak theologian and writer Samuel Ferjenčík (1793 – 1855) primarily on the basis of his recently discovered manuscript notes. Although these notes resemble a mixture of newspaper clippings, quotations, snippets of thoughts, aphorisms, subjective remarks, and other similar material, they are nevertheless evidence of the period (1840 – 1842) during which the question of national identity was experiencing an extraordinary upsurge among the peoples of the region (Central Europe, more precisely the territory of the Habsburg monarchy before the revolutions of 1948). In the introduction, the article emphasises the role of German-language texts from the multi-ethnic cultural space of Central Europe (also) for German studies abroad. Subsequently, the essay examines Ferjenčík’s career from his studies in Jena, Germany, to his political involvement in the preservation of Slovak identity in the context of forced Magyarization in the first half of the nineteenth century.

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Kulturelles im Tirnauer Wochenblatt

Author(s): Georg Schuppener / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2024

The article deals with the role of cultural reporting in the Tirnauer Wochenblatt weekly, which was first published in German and later in Hungarian (as Nagyszombati Hetilap) in the Slovak town of Trnava between 1869 and 1918. For this purpose, the article analyses its 13th volume published in 1881 as an example. In analysing the content, four thematic areas of focus in the cultural coverage can be identified: theatre, music, literature, and other aspects of cultural life. The newspaper lacked a separate section devoted to culture and a closer examination of the German-language section of the newspaper reveals that the relevant texts largely focused on the local area. The high importance of theatrical performances is evident from the frequent reports. The same applies to musical events. Literature – apart from the publication of serialised novels in the Illustriertes Sonntagsblatt supplement – receives little attention. Superregional themes only appear in the case of special events or events somehow connected with the region. The newspaper provides a lot of information on the important role of the associations in the cultural life of the city.

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„Wenn ich in Wien sein könnte!“ Der Briefwechsel zwischen Elsa Grailich und Auguste Fickert

Author(s): Jozef Tancer / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2024

The article examines the correspondence between Viennese women’s rights activist and editor of the monthly magazine Neues Frauenleben Auguste Fickert (1855 – 1910) and Pressburg journalist Elsa Grailich (1880 – 1969), shedding light on the lesser-known Grailich’s role. Their letters, spanning 1907 to 1910, reveal the early phase of the bourgeois women’s movement in Pressburg and the strategic communication between the capital and the periphery. Grailich’s involvement in the women’s and labour movements shaped her intellectual development and social engagement, particularly in maternity protection and proletarian issues. Her critique of local conditions, including chauvinism and clericalism, highlights the challenges faced in realizing progressive ideas. Despite frustrations, the correspondence provided vital moral support, blurring the lines between private and professional spheres. Grailich’s life and work offer a fascinating glimpse into local and superregional contexts of the women’s movement.

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Dennica. Prípadová štúdia marginalizácie žien v stredoeurópskych modernistických hnutiach

Author(s): Lena Magnone / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 6/2024

The article presents the case of Dennica, a women’s magazine founded in 1898 by Terézia Vansová that, for a brief time, served Slovak modernists as their press organ on the background of a larger phenomenon of marginalizing women from the Central European modernist movements. The study of the flagship magazines of the literary groups that developed in the Habsburg-Slavic area under the influence of Young Vienna – Young Poland, the Croatian pokret mladih, and the Czech modernist milieu around Moderní Revue – allows us to discern the conditions under which female collaborators were allowed access to those prestigious pages. On the other hand, the takeover of Dennica by František Votruba and his efforts to turn it into a Slovak modernist almanac bring a better understanding of the mechanism according to which the exclusion of women constituted the very condition for a group of male writers to be interpreted by the literary history in terms of a modernist movement. Indeed, according to literary scholars, if the Slovak modernist movement existed at all, it was only for a short period between 1907 and 1909, that is, when it took over a successful women’s magazine to put it to its use.

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Medzi rurálnym a urbánnym (zbierka noviel Mila Urbana Z tichého frontu, 1932)

Author(s): Karol Csiba / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 6/2024

The collection of short prose by Milo Urban (1904 – 1982) Z tichého frontu. Časové rozprávky (From the silent front. Temporal tales) published in 1932 brought a selection of the author’s mostly magazine-published prose from the second half of the 1920s. The study recapitulates period critical and later literary-historical reflection on the book, revealing its broader socio-cultural context through parallels with Urban’s other work, especially his journalism and autobiographical prose. A key focus of the analysis is Urban’s depiction of the town-village relationship, presented as part of the modernist discourse in interwar Slovakia. Utilizing Roger Griffin’s concepts, the study examines the portrayal of disoriented individuals, whose lack of direction results from societal transformations and atomization. Another theme is the concept of ‘modernist nationalism,’ linked to the search for new certainties influencing human consciousness and sensibility. The study also addresses Urban’s ambivalent definitions of life, shaped by the relationship between regularity and coincidence, which are central themes in his novels.

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Konceptualizácia naturizmu s prihliadnutím na moderný výskum literatúry a literárnej komunikácie

Author(s): Jana Kuzmíková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 6/2024

The study presents the historical development of the conceptualisation of Slovak naturism, a literary movement of the 1930s and 1940s, with an overlap into the totalitarian period, in the context of modernist theoretical approaches such as structuralism, (Marxist) social history of literature and psychoanalysis, and also incorporates the perspective of contemporary cognitive literary science. Naturism is also compared with other literary movements of the period and its position in the body of so-called “lyricised prose” is clarified. The comparisons show that the intervention of lyricism into naturistic prose is not determinative, since the domain of naturism as prose with overt epic dynamics is the unconscious. Unconscious elements are incorporated into the structure of naturist work both deliberately, aligning with and challenging contemporary psychoanalytic theories. From the perspective of modern cognitive (literary) studies, however, a broader range of unconscious affective circuits in the brain can also be considered, which serve as foundational elements within naturistic prose. Cognitive science findings support a view of the conception of naturism as a relatively distinctive developmental innovation of Slovak interwar prose.

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Bozkávanie s nahým Novomeským (Interpretačná sonda nepublikovanej kapitoly z knihy Janka Silana Dom opustenosti)

Author(s): Andrej Gejdoš / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2025

Janko Silan (1914 – 1984) did not live to see the publication of his novel House of Abandonment. Although he actively pursued its publication, especially between 1970 and 1974, the text could not be published during the period of normalisation in the totalitarian Czechoslovakia. The work was officially made available to readers only after the socio-political changes of 1989, first in 1991 and later in an expanded edition in 1997. Even though he was unable to publish the book, Silan continued writing, adding further chapters to the novel. This corpus of texts is preserved in his literary estate in the Literary Archive of the Slovak National Library in Martin under the title House of abandonment – unpublished chapters of the novel. Among these texts is a previously unpublished fragment When we entered there…, which is unique in the context of the works of Slovak Catholic modernists as it explores the theme of two people of the same gender kissing, both of whom were prominent figures in the literary life of the time (the author of the text Janko Silan and the poet Laco Novomeský). This article aims to interpret the text, particularly through the lens of the cultural perception of the kiss and to outline certain aspects of the relationship between Silan and Novomeský.

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Špecifiká irónie v románovej tvorbe Rudolfa Slobodu

Author(s): Romana Antalová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2025

Irony is not a simple semantic polarization – it touches on all aspects of a literary text, places them in a state of flux and creates additional layers of meaning. One of its variations is so-called romantic irony, characterized by the tension between the ideal and reality, where the resulting “superstructural” layer of meaning essentially expresses a sense of restlessness or disquiet. This type of irony is also marked by the re-evaluation of the high and the low. Romantic irony was employed by the prose writer Rudolf Sloboda (1938 – 1995). The article examines the specifics of the irony that can be observed in the novels Narcis (Narcissus, 1965) and Rozum (Reason, 1982). It focuses primarily on the contradictions in the expectations and actions of the protagonists, which are common to both novels. The article also considers the use of parabase, which, in combination with the fragmentary nature of the text, leads to a weakening of narrativity – one of the fundamental characteristics of Sloboda’s novelistic work. Another aspect analysed is the subversive effect of irony.

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Hľadanie šedej zóny v slovenskej sci-fi literatúre obdobia normalizácie

Author(s): Olha Norba / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2025

This article analyses the phenomenon of the grey zone as a space for alternative expression in Slovak literature during the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s. It connects the emergence and expansion of this grey zone to the gradual ideological erosion of the communist system during the late normalisation period. The article locates the expression of social critique within the realm of the sci-fi genre, which allowed authors to escape into fantastical worlds without severing ties to real-world conditions. In conveying their moral concerns, authors employed not only escapist strategies of subversion, but also conformist motifs designed to legitimise their messages within official discourse. The dystopian genre was frequently utilized, characterized by pronounced catastrophism, scepticism, and anti-illusionism. Prominent themes included environmental pollution, warnings against the loss of humanity, calls for peace, fear of nuclear catastrophe, and condemnation of power domination and totalitarian rhetoric. Searching for the grey zone in Slovak sci-fi literature of the normalisation period proved to be an effective way to re-evaluate the traditional black-and-white vision of society, which was viewed as divided into the “fighting dissent” and the masses blindly accepting the ruling regime.

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