Частите на речта като части на изречението, или дали винаги глаголите заемат отделна синтактична позиция

Author(s): Svetla Koeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2023

We examine the semantic and syntactic properties of Bulgarian modal and phase verbs in order to determine whether they form a complex predicative unit with the verb they attach to or constitute a separate one. The answer to this question allows for an adequate classification of the verbs under consideration. Furthermore, we describe the syntactic structures with equivalent subjects in the main and subordinate clauses.

Безлично-предикативните думи в българския език и мястото им сред другите класове думи

Author(s): Verka Sasheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2023

The aim of the study is to answer the question whether impersonal-predicative words may be considered as an independent word class (part of speech). I present a summary of the views on the morphological status of these lexemes based on the study of the characteristics of impersonal-predicative words. In the search for arguments that their constitution as a separate part of speech is not linguistically founded, I consider the heterogeneous makeup of the category, the syntagmatic properties of these words, their (lack of) autonomy and lexical combinability with other language units. The communicative-pragmatic aspect (context and spoken language as factors) is also taken into consideration, as far as the impersonal-predicative nature and the semantics of these words is realised at the sentence and text level.

Диференциалните признаци на предложните изрази в българската лингвистична традиция

Author(s): Laska Laskova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2023

Multiword prepositions (MPs), such as по отношение на (with regard to), независимо от (in spite of), are a relatively new addition to the Bulgarian lexical system. Although integrated in the fully-fledged standard variety of the language, descriptive grammars fail to offer a unified understanding of their nature. Some authors regard MPs as lexemes, members of the class of prepositions, while others treat them as phrasemes or ignore them altogether. There is no consensus with respect to the number of MPs or the representative patterns of word combination that constitute MPs, except for (p1) N p2 and Adv p. The discrepancies in defining the differentia specifica of this particular set of multiword expressions are not surprising, given the different stage of lexicalisation (grammaticalisation) and the variety of approaches applied to the study of MPs over time. This study aims at offering an overview of the evolution of the conceptual basis for the description of MPs in three types of resources: grammars, publications dealing with this subject and some of the major Bulgarian lexical resources. I pay special attention to the criteria related to lexicalisation, which in most cases originate in the Russian grammatical tradition, or reflect some of the more recent achievements in computational linguistics.

Някои аспекти на категорията залог в нормативната граматика на българския език

Author(s): Tatyana Aleksandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2023

The article presents the grammatical category voice of the verb within the framework of the normative grammar of the Bulgarian language. Two approaches to category research are contrasted: one is from content to form, and the other is from form to con-tent. Briefly, the approach from content to form, as advocated in Bulgarian linguistics, is presented. The formal approach to the description of the voice is illustrated by tracing the techniques of syntactic accommodation and connotation – two main linguistic me-chanisms that play a role in linking lexemes into grammatically correct constructions. The simple syntactic groups constituted by active and passive forms of two main types of verbs – transitive and intransitive – are studied.

За две дискусионни понятия в съвременната българска лингвистика: модални думи и модификатори

Author(s): Krasimira Angelova Chakarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2023

The object of study are the terms modal words and modifiers, whose status is not unambiguously recognised in contemporary Bulgarian linguistics. I present an analytical overview of the main views on the semantic content and the degree of autonomy of these concepts. I then go on to look for an answer to the question whether there are sufficient grounds for using these terms to name independent classes of words (parts of speech), an idea shared by some authors. I put a special emphasis on the use of the term modifiers in functional-semantic grammar.

Мястото на местоименията сред частите на речта и особеностите на категорията лице при тях

Author(s): Milena Vidralska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2023

The article aims at tracing the development of pronouns as a part of speech, as well as the trends in the way they are defined in contemporary linguistics. The focus will be on those features that have led to the pronouns’ unification into a single class of words despite the diversity of forms included in it. I will consider the questions related to the grounds for the placing of the heterogeneous pronominal forms under a common denominator and the rethinking of their current status. Among the important issues requiring attention are: the selection of criteria responsible for the classification of the different groups of pronominal forms and for their positioning among the other parts of speech, and the study of the features of the category of person expressed by the lexemes under consideration, among others.

Старобългарското показателно местоимение сь като подчинителен компонент в глаголна група и съответствията му в староанглийски

Author(s): Antoaneta Dzhelyova,Maria Anastasova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2023

This paper presents a model for the analysis of pronouns based on two types of characterisations – semantic-grammatical and communicative-pragmatic ones. Each of them consists of a set of categorial and relational features. The semantic-grammatical and communicative-pragmatic characterisations determine the types of deixis expressed by pronouns. The model is tested on the demonstrative pronoun сь used as a subordinate element in the verb group. Excerpted material from Old Bulgarian Gospel texts is studied in comparison with Old English, Greek and Latin texts.

Частите на речта през когнитивната оптика: потенциал и предизвикателства

Author(s): Yuliana Chakarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2023

This paper seeks to answer the compelling questions outlined in the invitation to the 9th issue of the Forum on Bulgarian Grammar: Should parts of speech be viewed only as an instrument for description and classification, or can they be regarded as universal categories?; and Is it possible to find common criteria for defining word classes across languages, or are such criteria always language-specific? I look for the answers to these questions through briefly exploring and comparing the potential of various approaches to the study of parts of speech with a focus on the classification criteria adopted by these approaches. I pay special attention to the modern functionalist approaches of the past couple of decades and to the promising cognitive approach, in particular. Taking as a point of departure the premise that theories in this framework explore the connection between conceptual and language structures as well as between language and the human mind and drawing on the fact that the mechanisms governing the human mind are common for all human beings, I argue that the cognitive approach can provide a universal frame for the analysis and classification of word classes, which could then be employed as a basis for devising language-specific taxonomies. I believe that it is possible to give positive answers to all of the questions above, although each of them presupposes two opposite potential answers; the choice of a universal or a language-specific classification depends on the preferred theoretical framework and the goals of the particular scholar or school.

Появата на класове думи в ранната онтогенеза на българския език

Author(s): Velka Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: Special/2023

This article discusses early Bulgarian language ontogenesis. The pilot corpus study fo-cuses on the extraction, analysis and systematisation of data representative of the ear-liest evidence of the emergence of word classes in the process of children’s language acquisition. While the discussion and conclusions follow the paradigm of the Theory of natural morphology, a crucial prerequisite for their appropriate validation is provided by the empirically-based CHILDES Bulgarian LabLing Corpus (https://childes.talkbank. org/access/Slavic/Bulgarian/LabLing.html), the first Bulgarian child speech corpus developed as part of the Slavic collection of the interactive plat-form CHILDES.

Българската легенда за Великия инквизитор. Ф. М. Достоевски и Ивайло Петров

Author(s): Panko Anchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

Измеренията на дуализма в романа „Странният рицар на свещената книга“ от Антон Дончев

Author(s): Lalka Pavlova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

За произхода на 42 неясни или спорни фамилни имена

Author(s): Ludwig Selimski / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

In the article 42 surnames are analyzed. A small number of them are based on place names: 1. Автански (⟸ place name Афтане); 2. Азапски (⟵ place name Азап-кьой). Another small part is based on first names: 7.4. Изевков (⟵ Изевко, diminut. from Йозо, (Roman) Cath. counterpart versus the Bulg. Orthodox Йосиф; 11. Милакиев (⟵ Mилаки < Михалаки < Gr. Μιχαλάκης). Most of the studied surnames are based on common nouns: 3. Аричев (⟵ Rom. arici ‘hedgehog’); 4. Батчиев (⟵ Per.-Turk. baççý ‘customs officer, tax collector’); 5. Бащиев (⟵ Turk. başçý ‘1. seller of sheep’s heads’; 2. headmaster, head of workers’); 6. Врагев (⟵ Rom. vrаbie ‘sparrow’); 8. Surnames with first part from Turk. kol ‘patrol, police; milit. guard’; 9. Кондузов (⟵ Turk. kunduz ‘otter, beaver’); 10. Кърасов (⟵ Тurk. kýr aðasý ‘political commander’); 12. Торбов (ђ! торба ‘bag’); 13. Цапаров etc. (⟵ Rom. юар ‘he-goat’); 14.1. Сапов (⟵ Turk. sap ‘tool handle’), 14.2. Сапоев (ђ! Rom. sгpoi, augment. of sapг ‘hoe’); 15. Чарпъков (⟵ Turk. çarpýk ‘crooked’).

За някои фразеологични единици с ядрен компонет „хляб“ в съпоставителен аспект в български, руски и гръцки език

Author(s): Emilia Avginova-Nikolova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Russian,Greek, Modern (1453-) Issue: 1/2019

The work is an attempt to describe the current empirical evidence of the bread concept, the perception of the term and the different aspects of it in the three languages, subjects of the current analysis – Bulgarian, Russian and Greek language. All outlined phraseological units in the research are united in the semantic field of the bread concept, by defining them in semantic models. In more general term according to the present elaboration the unifying core model is the Bread – power, the meaning of life, playing the most essential role for subsistence needs, means of existence, observing the fact in more concrete aspect that in the three languages the number of the phraseological units in each semantic model is different. We attempted to provide our most accurate /as far as possible/ interpretation of the foreign language phraseological units.

Рилската преправка на „История Славянобългарска“ – текстологични добавки, отсъстващи в двата основни източника

Author(s): Atanaska Tosheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

In the article have been studied the text’s additions in the Rila’s remake, which are not found in the historical work of Paisii Hilendarski and Spiridon Rilski – the two main sources of compilation. The interpretation of the systematized new information is in direction of finding new likely sources and of principals and ways, with which the remake’s author forms a new historical work, as well.

Паисий, „История Славянобългарска“ в контекста на балканската историография от епохата на Възраждането

Author(s): Elisaveta Stoycheva-Yancheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The article interprets Paisius of Hilendar’s Slavo-Bulgarian History. The book is situated in the context of the other historical works of Balkan historians of the 15th and 18th centuries (Chroaten, Serbian and Bulgarian). Slavo-Bulgarian History is interpreted in connection with their historical works. The article highlights those accents, for which Bulgarians from the Revival period preferred Slavo-Bulgarian History.

Ритуализации и неомитологизъм в прозата на Мирча Картареску

Author(s): Ivan Stankov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

This text is an attempt to read Mircea Cartarescu’s prose as a systematic reproduction of archaic ritual-mythological practices, plots and characters: the walling up of shadows, rainmaking rituals, cosmogonic and eschatological reconstructions, crossing real and imagined labyrinths, levitation, all kinds of initiatic passages, the myth of twins, the myth of the androgyny etc.

Петар II Петровић Његош и Иво Андрић као оријенталисти: идеолошка рецепција књижевног опуса двојице српских писаца

Author(s): Boris D. Bulatović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2019

Research in this paper is focused on identifying and analizing the ideological aspects of reception of the two recognized Serbian writers (Njegoš, the most famous Serbian poet of 19th century; and Ivo Andrić, the Nobel prize winner) in late 20th and early 21st century slavic and historical research. It is shown that a considerable number of foreign academic reviews of Serbian literature subjected it to exclusively political contextualization and interpretation, misinterpreted it as nationalistic and orientalistic, and finally – in many examples the reason for including it in the sphere of academic interest was completely outside the domain of literature.

Perspectives on Conrad’s Transcultural Protagonists in the Malay Trilogy

Author(s): Anna Szczepan-Wojnarska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Joseph Conrad, a writer of Polish origin, who wrote in English, could be seen as a precursor of today’s transnational writers. It seems that few, if any, other writers of the late Victorian and early Edwardian periods had Conrad’s open-minded view of other cultures. The variety of nationalities represented in his novels and short stories reflects his thorough immersion in the cultures that he encountered during his travels and proves that his imagination was not limited by imaginary notions of geographical boundaries. The present article focuses on the Malay trilogy where none of the characters seems to be complete or sufficiently able to express themselves. Self-identification is achieved dialogically in their interactions with each other, but also in the ways in which they relate to their own complex selves. In this process, Conrad deliberately reverses and/or deforms certain categories of self-definition.

Hristo Boev. 𝐹𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑦𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑎 𝑃𝑡𝑎𝑡ℎ’𝑠 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑜𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑦: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐹𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

Author(s): Pavel Petkov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Wokół elitaryzmu. Trzy przypadki

Author(s): Alina Świeściak / Language(s): English Issue: 28-29/2022

This article examines literary criticism in Poland after 1989 from the dynamic perspective of elites and elitism. Drawing on various elite theories, mainly the more contemporary ones, for which the most important point of reference is Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of distinction, the author shows how these concepts function in relation to the aesthetic and social dominants of the Polish literary scene after 1989. The author analyzes three “critical case studies:” Krzysztof Uniłowski’s article from 2005, a Facebook event related to the “auctioning” of Konrad Góra’s book of poetry in 2020, and recent trends in the language used by the young generation of critics. The author is interested in the relationship between literature and criti-cism and the dominant aesthetic tendencies and the socio-political context, especially the use of the concepts of elites and elitism, be it analytically or persuasively, consciously or unconsciously, positively or negatively, etc.social class exclusivity elitism economy of symbolic exchange