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Възприемане и оценка на текст – реално интервю и интервю с изкуствен интелект

Author(s): Despina Vasileva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The article presents a study of perception, understanding and evaluation of two interviews, the first one is performed with a real person (from an expert source), and the second is generated by the ChatGPT artificial intelligence(AI). The study covers 84 participants between the ages of 20 and 23, students in “Psychology”, “Bulgarian Philology”, “Slavic Philology”, and “Russian Philology ”from the Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. The research design is of the “between-group” type (in this case, two-group). The first experimental group consisted of 40 subjects evaluates the interview with a real celebrity. The second experimental group consisted of 44 subjects evaluates the interview taken by an artificial intelligence. Both interviews consisted of ten identical questions and ten corresponding answers. Each of the ten answers is evaluated by the participants using a Likert Scale composed of 5-point score scales, each of which is “continuous” with 11 possible answer positions (from “0” to “10”), as follows: [1] inadequate /fully adequate; [2] non-specific (general) / completely specific; [3] non-exhaustive/ fully exhaustive; [4] questionable / completely realistic; and [5] unsatisfactory /10-completely satisfactory. A statistical analysis was made by a two-group test (Two Sample T-Test Unequal Variance). It was established that: consolidated answers (series of maximum ratings) when working with the “artificial” interview; in two of the ten questions asked, a statistically significant difference was observed in favor of the artificial text; in one of the questions, a statistically significant difference is observed in favor of the real interview; no difference in emotional impact and interest in summary assessment of the both pieces of text.

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Аспектуални особености на някои обстоятелствени изречения в превод на италиански (по корпус от произведения на Георги Господинов

Author(s): Desislava Davidova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article takes a cursory look at the translation from Bulgarian to Italian of some types of circumstantial sentences, where a difference in type is observed. The translation of perfective or imperfective constructions is a challenge for both the translator and the learners of the Italian language, since the ways of expressing the verb form in Italian are different from those in Bulgarian. In the Bulgarian language, the type is expressed through morphological indicators, while the Italian language shows the type through the verb tenses and the opposition between them. The analysis of the corpus of examples shows the type difference between original and translation, where some kind of modality is also present, and that these type differences do not significantly affect the overall meaning of the examples under consideration.

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ESTETICA URÂTULUI ÎN PROZA REGINEI MARIA A ROMÂNIEI. FUNCȚII, FORME, MESAJ

Author(s): Alexandra Maria RUSU BOCȘA / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The artistic concept of the aesthetics of the ugliness was first introduced into the European literature by the French writer Charles Baudelaire, through the book Les fleurs du mal, and was then developed by the German philosopher and writer Karl Rosenkrantz through the volume Ästhetik des hässlichen. In Romanian literature, this concept was introduced through the contribution of the poet Tudor Arghezi. He published the volume of poems Flori de mucigai in 1931, a representative volume for this aesthetic perspective. In Romanian literary history, royal literature also remains a landmark moment, not only because of its exponents, but also because of its form and content. Royal literature represents a literary product that benefited from prior maturation: the historical context, the cultural influences that came into contact with the writers of the Royal House, the personal experiences of the authors who, as we know, were deeply connected with the realities and ideals of the Romanian society and, last but not least, the set of tools that the authors benefited from in their artistic process, acquired either through the education they received or during their lifetime.All these are elements that strongly manifested their influence in the work of Queen Mary of Romania. For her, writing is not just an artistic phenomenon, like painting or drawing. Her writing is strongly anchored in meaning. Every literary work has a precise message, a well-defined purpose. Her style is as fine and delicate as it is studied and meticulous. The characters and events are not left to chance, they are the very product of intentionality, as are the literary techniques and registers she uses. The aesthetics of the ugliness is a concept she adopts and uses recurrently in her work.Our research, however, aims to highlight the diversity of forms and functions that this concept can take. Also, although Queen Mary wrote literature especially for children, using the literary species of the story and the fairy tale, the aesthetics of the ugliness are not used on a standardized level, as we might expect. In her work, the ugliness transforms into a wide palette of variations, serving the third basic element of Queen Mary's writings: the message.Our research will be based on the analysis of some support-texts belonging to Queen Mary of Romania in relation to the concepts of aesthetics, aesthetics of the ugliness, imaginary and its representation in the social context.

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EVADAREA TĂCUTĂ A LENEI CONSTANTE. ROLUL TERAPEUTIC AL DIARISMULUI

Author(s): Valentina Silvia Copîndean (Haiduc) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

The present paper emphasizes the therapeutic role of diarism and liberation from cloistering by creating wings of words (initially stifled by reasons of ontological order, but so pregnant as soul life through the prism of the inner flight it projects in the soul of the person condemned to captivity). Lena Constante's "silent escape" is another type of diary, written later, after the experience of detention ended, but capturing the experiences from the prison with the same acuity as if she had recorded them at the time of the experience. Recovered through anamnesis, the diarist's confessions are intended to facilitate the inner flight with the aim of finding the harbor of light inside her being troubled by injustices and sufferings. Finding the inner resources necessary to detach from self and the body subject to despair, hunger, cold and fear, the diarist becomes a spaceless and timeless living spirit, destined only for eternity. Her diary becomes a catalyst for the healing of wounds that have hurt and lasted for too long.

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EXÉGÈSES PASCALIENNES DANS LA ROUMANIE POSTCOMMUNISTE

Author(s): Marius Popa / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2024

The present article aims to analyze three of the most important exegeses dedicated to Pascal in Romania after 1989, signed by Horia Lazăr (1991), Vlad Alexandrescu (1997) and Călin Cristian Pop (2011). After presenting a brief history of the reception of the French philosopher in the Romanian cultural space (containing an inventory of the translations and monographs that were dedicated to him), we proposed an analysis of the way in which the mentioned researchers approach the problem of the Pascalian paradox, emphasizing the original and particular methodologies of each of them. The three books are important contributions to what we could call a tradition of Pascalian studies in Romania, bringing at the same time innovative ideas on the international level and being very well anchored in the current dynamics of Pascalian studies in the Western world.

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ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОИЗНОШЕНИЯ ПЕТРА ВЕЛИКОГО

Author(s): Irina А. Izmestjeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 7/2024

This article is aimed at studying the compilation Letters and Papers of Emperor Peter the Great in the phonetic aspect. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that a number of writings reflecting the pronunciation features of the Emperor are not covered in comparative historical works. While the pronunciation of vowels and assimilative-dissimilative phenomena regarding consonants have been thoroughly studied and deeply comprehended, the groups of consonants that are spaced by vowel insertions in the speech of Peter the Great have been ignored. The aim of this study was to analyze the vowel insertions, which are regularly presented in unstressed positions and at the junction of morphemes, both in Russian and borrowed words. The research objectives were determined by the need to explain how vowel insertions correlate with the stable tradition of writing extruding letters in Russian manuscripts of the XV–XVII centuries and the dialectal features of the Russian language, hence, how the Emperor’s pronunciation is reflected in such insertions. It has been proved that the individual and possibly dialectal pronunciation of Peter the Great manifests itself in vowel insertions in the form of a tendency towards having open syllables in words and a well-formed Church Slavonic pronunciation, with a semi-soft consonant before vowel e and a soft consonant before ѣ (yat).

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УНИВЕРСАЛЬНОСТЬ И ЭВРИСТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ СИНТАКСИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ А. А. ШАХМАТОВА

Author(s): Zamir Kurbanovich Tarlanov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 7/2024

The article analyzes the syntactic theory of A. A. Shakhmatov from the point of view of its heuristic potential and relevance for modern linguistics. It proves that the concept of communication as the psychological basis of a sentence introduced by A. A. Shakhmatov in the early XX century has always been a reliable key to understanding the sentence as the most important linguistic unit and to explain the directions of its historical development. In contrast to the prevailing opinions in European linguistics, according to which in a combination of two notions that form the basis of a sentence any of them can be the main one depending on the will of the speaker, A. A. Shakhmatov argued that the dominant and subordinate notions of communication depend not on the will of the speaker, but on their own nature: the dominant idea is the idea of a substance in the material world, while the subordinate idea is the idea of its changeable sign or characteristic. This variability of the idea of a characteristic, dictated by the nature of what it denotes, is the impetus for syntactic changes in a sentence, because language, which reflects the experience of ethnic existence, is the most important means for expressing ethnic thinking. This is the essence and heuristic potential of the syntactic theory of A. A. Shakhmatov convincingly confirmed by research on the historical syntax of the Russian language.

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ШАХМАТОВСКИЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИРОВАНИЯ КАК ОПОРА ПРИ СОЗДАНИИ СЛОВАРЕЙ ДЛЯ БЕСПИСЬМЕННОГО ЭТНОСА

Author(s): Svetlana G. Shulezhkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 7/2024

The author brings up a question of the continuity of lexicographic techniques applied for the description of linguistic units (including superword units) developed by A. A. Shakhmatov. The first and second issues of the second volume of The Dictionary of the Russian Language created under his editorship are the innovative work of the thesaurus type. They demonstrate the productivity of using the principles of anthropocentrism, historicism, systemicity, and communicativity in lexicography when describing linguistic units of the word and superword types. Shakhmatov’s works play an important role in the formation of Russian lexicography and phraseography. Its lexicographic concept acquires particular relevance in the context of extinction of non-written languages under the pressure of digital civilization. Having lost its own language, ethnos, as a rule, loses its identity. This could be the fate of the language of the Nagaybaks, one of the small indigenous peoples of the Southern Urals. To avoid the “dissolution” of the Nagaybaks among the neighboring peoples, linguists from Magnitogorsk have created a program for the introduction of the Nagaybak written language. Besides creating the alphabet and writing a concise grammar, the program aims at creating various types of dictionaries of the endangered language. In this situation, Shakhmatov’s lexicographical principles orientated towards the live colloquial speech of the people played a decisive role. After publishing the Russian-Nagaybak and Nagaybak-Russian dictionary, the Nagaybak-Russian dictionary with grammar notes and the dictonary of Nagaybak proverbs, the team faced the task of publishing a Nagaybak phraseological dictionary. Shakhmatov’s principles of describing Russian superword units analyzed in this article served as a basis for addressing this demanding task.

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А. А. ШАХМАТОВ – ПОЧЕТНЫЙ ЧЛЕН ВИТЕБСКОЙ УЧЕНОЙ АРХИВНОЙ КОМИССИИ (исследования белорусской историко-этнографической традиции)

Author(s): Iryna I. Karatkevich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 7/2024

The article examines the activities of the Vitebsk Academic Archival Commission, of which Academician A. A. Shakhmatov was an honorary member. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the interest of A. A. Shakhmatov and other scientists and public figures in the ethnographic aspects of the Commission’s work, since the collection and publication of materials related to Russian archival science, archeography, source studies, museology and historical bibliography played an important role in the formation of archival affairs during that period of the state’s history and allowed to preserve rare historical documents and documents which used to be considered irrelevant. The materials for the study comprised historical and ethnographic works published by the Commission, which provided the scientific community with important information of regional and Slavic significance. The main research methods included historicism and the involvement of the historical and cultural context, which allowed to present the scholarly interests of A. A. Shakhmatov in the Slavic studies domain. The novelty of the study of the Commission’s work lies in revealing its role in archiving and describing materials on Slavic and Belarusian studies. The publications of the members of the Commission aroused the interest of the public and scholars, including Academician A. A. Shakhmatov. Some materials in the published works of the Commission enable to confirm the continuity of the Belarusian national historical and ethnographic tradition, the duration of the national writing and cultural heritage of the Belarusian lands, which leads to the conclusion that the study of the Commission’s work is relevant for studying the history of the Belarusian literary language.

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Pozyskanie Giovanniego Mavera dla polonistyki włoskiej

Author(s): Marcin Rabenda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 45/2024

The subject of the article is an attempt at recreating, based on source ma-terial, the initial contacts of the renowned Slavist Giovanni Maver with the studies of Polish literature in Poland and the community around two scholars in Polish literature: Stanisław Kot and Roman Pollak

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Bieszczady – toponim w przestrzeni popkultury internetowe

Author(s): Aneta Wysocka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The article concerns the historical, cultural and discursive determinants of the appellative interpretation of proper names in the context of online communication. The research material consists of contexts documenting the creative, usually humorous, use of the Bieszczady toponym, rich in connotations, evoking the cultural script of escape from civilization, recorded in the common phrase: Drop everything and go to Bieszczady. The research has shown that in the global space of information and emotion exchange, a specifically Polish concretization of the escapist myth is powerful and attractive, and the messages based on it testify to the continuity between the literary tradition and popular culture, both analog and digital.

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Współczesny człowiek w młodomowie (rekonesans badawczy na materiale Obserwatorium Języka i Kultury Młodzieży)

Author(s): Anna Wileczek,Joanna Senderska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The article aims to conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the lexis related to human collected on the website of the Observatory of Youth Language and Culture. The linguistic material obtained from the Observatory’s database covers data from 1 May 2021 to 11 September 2023. It comprises 389 lexical units, constituting a database of dictionary entries, of which 189 units represent the semantic domain HUMAN. In addition to the analysis of vocabulary reported or used by teenagers, the article describes pragmatic contexts related to the understanding, function and modification of new meanings. For this purpose, a corpus of 28,482 words was collected, consisting of 1,842 examples of the use of structures from the Observatory. The analysis of the material confirmed the existence of categorization schemes created during youth interactions.

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THE DECLINE OF JOURNALISM SCHOOLS IN THE POST-COVID ERA: A GLOBAL AND INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Prashanth MALUR / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly exacerbated the challenges that journalism education was already facing, leading to the widespread closure of journalism schools across the globe, with India being particularly hard hit. This article delves into the various factors contributing to the decline of these institutions, focusing on five key areas: outdated curriculum, inadequate student training, faculty lacking practical industry experience, weak partnerships with media organizations, and the financial pressures caused by rising tuition fees and stagnant graduate salaries. Outdated syllabi and training methods have left students ill-prepared for the rapidly evolving media landscape, where digital skills and multimedia storytelling are now essential. Compounding this issue is the lack of industry experience among faculty members, many of whom come from purely academic backgrounds and struggle to teach the practical skills necessary for modern journalism. The disconnect between journalism schools and the media industry has also weakened, leading to a decline in internship opportunities, hands-on training, and collaborative projects that could bridge the gap between theory and practice. Furthermore, the financial burden on students has grown, as rising fees are not matched by competitive salaries in the job market, making journalism education a less attractive investment. This article argues that targeted reforms - such as updating curriculum, fostering faculty development, strengthening industry ties, improving placement strategies, and rethinking financial models - have been lacking for decades. With these interventions, journalism schools can adapt to the changing media environment and continue to play a vital role in shaping the future of the media industry

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ДЕКОРАТИВНИТЕ ЖИВОПИСНИ ЕКФРАЗИ У ЙОВКОВ И КОНТЕКСТЪТ НА СП. „ХУДОЖНИК“

Author(s): Tsvetana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article traces parallels between the decorative painterly ekphrasis, as I find in Yordan Yovkov's early prose, and the Secession painting published in the issues of the magazine "Khudozhnik". In specifically examined works, such as Mermaid's Night, After Spring, White Roses, various variants of pictorial ekphrasis, as well as the semantics of vision/gaze, are analyzed; the dynamics of the transfiguration under the influence of the painting "Jesus in the Fields" in the story "The Reaper" is examined in an interpretive analogy with The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. Thus, Yovkov becomes one of the vivid examples of intellectualism and aestheticism during the Bulgarian Belle Époque with his vivid narrative.

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DIRECTIVE ACTS AS A LINGUISTIC MANIPULATION IN A TRUE CRIME SERIES DAHMER-MONSTER

Author(s): Nabila Firdausi,Suhandoko Suhandoko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Linguistic manipulation has been well-documented in various communicative contexts. However, its specific application within true crime series, such as character interactions in series, remains under researched. This contribution explores the use of directive acts as a form of linguistic manipulation in the true crime series Dahmer–Monster, specifically focusing on how Jeffrey Dahmer interacts with his victims. By applying Searle’s Speech Act Theory, particularly focusing on directive acts, the study aims to uncover the linguistic strategies Dahmer employs to manipulate and control his victims. Directive acts, which include commands, requests, and invitations, are analyzed to demonstrate how Dahmer influences his victims’ actions without overtly revealing his malicious intentions. Data were collected from four selected episodes of the series that portray Dahmer’s interactions with his victims. Through discourse analysis, the study identifies instances of directive acts, including asking, ordering, commanding, begging, and inviting. The findings reveal that Dahmer frequently uses subtle forms of directive acts, such as asking and ordering, to maintain power and manipulate his victims into compliance. The study also emphasizes the role of word stress and intonation in enhancing Dahmer’s manipulative speech, making his actions appear normal while exerting covert control. This research contributes to the understanding of linguistic manipulation in criminal contexts, offering insights into how directive acts can be used as tools of control. It highlights the importance of recognizing subtle manipulative language to prevent similar instances in real life and underscores the need for public awareness of linguistic strategies used by criminals.

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Манипулативна употреба на метафори в икономически медийни статии

Author(s): Vladimir Dosev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

As the theory of cognitive linguistics claims, metaphors shape not just our communication, but also the way we think and act in our everyday life. On the other hand, economic theory is based on the use of metaphors and figurative thinking. The aim of this article is to describe the usage of some cognitive metaphors in economic texts in Bulgarian online media. The object of cognitive and discourse analysis are economic media articles published 2020-2023 on the Internet. Media often use metaphors and figurative language not only to amuse their audiences but also to influence the unconscious mind of the people.

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Педагогическо приложение на дигиталните технологии в обучението по чужд език: предимства и предизвикателства

Author(s): Irena Dimova,Plamen Tsvetkov,Mihail Pavlov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The aim of this article is to examine the pedagogical application of digital technologies in the field of foreign language education in Bulgaria by laying emphasis on the advantages and challenges of incorporating new technologies into foreign language classes. The present article conducts a literature review of publications from the Bulgarian scientific discourse, whose object of analysis are digital competence and information and communication technologies (ICT) in the foreign language classroom, by using the method of content analysis.

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О "переносном" употреблении местоимения "я"

Author(s): Zolyan Tigranovich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2024

It is generally accepted that the pronoun “I” can only refer to the speaker, and cannot be used in any other way. However, as demonstrated in the article, the “figurative” use of the pronoun “I” is also possible, when a discrepancy between the use of this pronoun and the designation of the speaker may occur. The prgma semantic basis for the possibility of such use is the dual, or two-component reference of the pronoun “I”, which simultaneously indicates the speaker in the hypostasis of the subject of speech (utterance) and as the subject of the sentence. In the most general form, this distinction can be represented as a distinction between performative and descriptive aspects of usage; and this makes it possible to simultaneously carry out semiotically different operations of self- and other- reference. At the same time, in special modal contexts, it is possible to separate these aspects, which may cause polysemy and the figurative (metaphorical) use of the pronoun “I”.

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Изследване на потенциала на аудиокнигите за изграждане на ключови компетентности в чуждоезиковото преподаване и обучение по английски език

Author(s): Teodora Genova,Magdalena Garvanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article aims to examine audiobooks as an innovative pedagogical tool for building key competencies in English foreign language teaching and learning, namely multilingual, digital, intercultural, personal, social and learning competence. Along with this, an empirical study of the attitudes of English language teachers towards the use of audiobooks in the process of foreign language teaching is presented. Starting from the theoretical foundations of the competence- based approach in education and passing through the competence-based approach in English foreign language teaching, the authors of the report put audiobooks at the center of their research as an effective and innovative didactic tool, the potential of which has remained unexplored until now for the construction of the overall linguistic competence of learners in learning English. Partially, this is due to the factthat foreign language teachers are still not familiar with and do not practically apply audiobooks in their pedagogical practice, as indicated by the data of the present study.

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Ролята на дигиталните инструменти при преподаването на словашката фонетика в СУ „Св. Климент Охридски“

Author(s): Velitchko Panaiotov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The text is dedicated to the novels of Salman Rushdie, one of the world's novelists of the third millennium, who preserve the importance and significance of postmodern fiction. Different novels from different decades are presented that employ a variety of postmodern practices and forms such as intertextuality, metafiction, heteroglossia, remitification, parody and the grotesque. The author builds a colorful world in which images and plots from the dynamic present, but also historical and mythological creatures and heroes are intertwined. Main attention is focused on the novel Quixote, which follows the lives of the fictional Quixote and Sancho in the very real American world. With a colorful palette of fantastic creatures, but also real characters from different eras, the author raises pressing issues about racism, consumer gluttony and obsession with the media spectacle. A brief review of the latest novel, Victory City, with which the author returns to India, building a magical, magnetic, fairy-tale world in which „the conventions of the outside world lose their meaning and melt away”, but at the same time references are made to reality. In conclusion, the importance of Salman Rushdie as a global and postmodern author is reaffirmed.

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