Matejkowskie studia pieczęci przechowywanych w archiwum klasztornym w Mogile. Geneza

Author(s): Barbara Ciciora / Language(s): Polish Issue: 113/2020

Jan Matejko’s drawings depicting seals stored in the Archives of the Cistercian Monastery in Mogiła reflect the state of historical awareness, the cultural needs of Poles in the 19th century and the model of historicism developed in Galicia in the mid-19th century. They are a testimony to the Polish reception of 17th century erudite historiography, which, as a sign of local patriotism, ascribed value to the local heritage of material culture and included it in the concept of world history, and, in the 19th century, also in the concept of national and world history of civilisation. The analyses are based on historiographic, collectors’ and cultural views shaping the activities and artistic excellence of the historical painter in the 19th century. The views that might have affected Jan Matejko’s perception of the seal were highlighted. A key role in this process is played by the issues of broadening the semantic field of objects produced in the past centuries, which, at the beginning of the 19th century, were given the status of a souvenir and were willingly collected together, and which at the same time, like seals, constituted a source of historical knowledge understood in an erudite way, i.e. not only as a carrier of information about dates, characters and events, but also about clothes, militaries, material culture and customs, which in the 19th century became an object of interest for historical painters. Analyses of Jan Matejko’s drawings reveal the vastness of perception of single medieval seals also in terms of aesthetics, art and style, since the painter’s ultimate goal was not only to reconstruct the appearance of the seal, but also a historical reconstruction and historiosophical evaluation of the past. The differences between the inventory-oriented perception of seal images and the perception summing up the above mentioned determinants of the artist’s work with an artistic, individualised type of his creative expression have been emphasized, which in the case of Jan Matejko’s studies has additionally acquired the adopted of analytical research on seals as visual fragments of historical sources.

Проблемът за пресъздаването на хумора в аудиовизуалния превод от български на руски език

Author(s): Maria Stepanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2020

The study considers the humour recreation for audiovisual translation of movies and TV series from Bulgarian into Russian. Translating humour in audiovisual content is a real challenge since while there are obvious linguistic similarities, the speech usage of the target audiences, the visual content perception, and the cultural background are different. Studying the translation of comical content in cognate languages should consider the cultural context and ensure an identical visual content perception by the target audience.

Word-Formation Processes in the Fandom Jargon

Author(s): Sanel Hadžiahmetović Jurida,Amila Hadžibeganović / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2020

The phenomenon of fandom seems to be present in various forms of entertainment from books and films to games. Hundreds of millions of people visiting a singular website dealing with only one form of fandom production supports this statement. However, it is not only the matter of being a fan, but also a member of community with its own culture and language. Because of this, a look into the characteristics of the language can only be a step towards the understanding of culture. Therefore, this paper deals with the fandom jargon, but from a morphological point of view. More precisely, a corpus of 33 words was analysed in terms of word-formation processes employed and this led to some conclusions regarding the productivity of word-formation processes and tendencies in the innovative use of language.

Дикцията на меланхолията и поетиката на литературния романтизъм

Author(s): Dobromir Grigorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 24/2020

Образцово издание на Пушкиновата драматургия

Author(s): Hristo Manolakev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 24/2020

Język i etyka

Author(s): Justyna Wojciechowska,Michał Kopczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2019

The article is an introduction to the 33rd (2/2019) issue of the “World and Word” semi-annual. The authors focus on the key categories of the number, which are: language and ethics as well as their mutual relations.

Priča o svestranom entuzijasti: Smail Terzić

Author(s): Melida Travančić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 49/2020

Smail Terzić (1940-1999) was one of the prominent cultural workers in Tešanj from the 1960s to the 1990s. He was a poet, photographers, narrator, actor, editor, presenter and journalist. He published a book of poetry, two books on the foundation and activity of the theater in Tešanj, as well as a book on the poet Musa Ćazim Ćatić, revealing details from his life. All of these books are extremely valuable testimonies on the development of culture in the past, but also proof of persistence, research and the work of an individual such as Terzić. The aim of this paper is to give a portrait of Smail Terzić that is as credible as possible, the account on a prominent cultural worker, while, on the other hand, the goal is to highlight and evaluate his contribution to the development of culture, with an emphasis on theater, the development of which he was a great part of many times. To be more precise – the focus is on the social and cultural life of that period. The whole engagement of this man, his activity in cultural works is marked and led by enthusiasm, he is fully committed to his work, he constantly records everything that happens and shapes a unique story from it, always putting the interest of the community first, work to affirm culture and the city of Tešanj in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as abroad.

Увольнение от службы (Отставка М. А. Достоевского по архивным документам 1837 года)

Author(s): Albina Stanislavovna Bessonova / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 2/2020

The least amount of documentary evidence has been preserved about the early period of F. M. Dostoevsky's life. Three documents discovered in the Russian state historical archive related to the 1837 resignation of Mikhail Andreevich Dostoevsky, the writer's father, are published and examined in the article. These are the report of the Moscow Board of Trustees to Nicholas I, the report of the chief doctor of the Mariinsky hospital for the poor A. A. Richter and the service record of M. A. Dostoevsky. The last document that provides important information about the official career of the writer's father, is provided in full for the first time in the Appendix to the article. The authors of preceding publications about the childhood and youth of F. M. Dostoevsky only referenced the service record of M. A. Dostoevsky or quoted the previously published passages. These documents contain the information about the size of the pension due to retired physician Dostoevsky, his service characteristics, and a list of his awards. The article raises one of the most debated questions, namely, the date of birth of the writer's father. Together, the documents on the resignation of M. A. Dostoevsky reveal new facts and clarify those already known from his 1830s biography, and therefore elucidate the circumstances of the great Russian writer's youth.

Петрашевцы после Семеновского плаца, комендант Набоков и император Николай I (Новые штрихи к биографии Михаила и Федора Достоевских)

Author(s): Boris Nikolaevich Tikhomirov,Ekaterina D. Maskevich / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 2/2020

The publication is based on the documents discovered by the authors in the Russian State Historical Archive, which are preserved in the Repository of the Commandant’s Office of the St. Petersburg Fortress, in the case “Regarding the prisoners under investigation for malicious intent in 1849”. Most of the documents date back to the period between December 22, 1849 (the staging of the mock execution of the Petrashevites on the Semyonovsky parade ground) and January 9, 1850 (arrival of Dostoevsky, Durov and Yastrzhembsky in Tobolsk). The latest document is dated February 4, 1850. The article contains three parts, each of which sheds new light on the biography of the brothers Fedor M. and Mikhail M. Dostoevsky in the aforementioned period. The first section incorporates the documents that reveal the circumstances prior to the meeting of the brothers Dostoevsky on December 24, 1849, before Fedor was sent to Siberia, a meeting which was initially refused to them. Specifically, these documents are the request made by the Commandant of the Peter and Paul Fortress Nabokov and addressed to the War Minister, to allow relatives of the members of the Petrashevsky circle to meet with them before departure for the place of punishment, and the most gracious permission of Nicholas I on the matter, following the most humble report of the Minister. The second section introduces into scientific circulation the documents presenting the emperor's initiative to provide monetary assistance to the families of convicted Petrashevites, as well as to Petrashevites with families (including multi-child families), who were temporarily imprisoned in the fortress during the investigation. In the context of these documents, suspicions about the “immodest behavior” of M. M. Dostoevsky during the investigation that were previously expressed by certain researchers (Dolinin, Grossman), are removed. The third section introduces a receipt issued to “criminal Dostoevsky,” according to which 100 rubles of his money were appropriated during the prison transfer, and a document confirming the reception of this amount in the Tobolsk directive regarding convicts. The question of the origin and subsequent fate of this money is examined.

«Социализм и Христианство»: проблемы атрибуции и публикации замысла Достоевского

Author(s): Marina Vladimirovna Zavarkina / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 2/2020

The article is devoted to the unrealized idea of F. M. Dostoevsky called Socialism and Christianity, which the writer worked on in the early 1860s. The researcher examines the origin of the draft and its publications, and attempts to chronologically attribute them based on existing opinions on this issue. Research revealed that this idea could have encompassed other drafts contained in Dostoevsky's notebooks and diaries of the specified period. The formal thematic compilation of Dostoevsky's notes on socialism and Christianity, which were presented in the initial publications, only indirectly outlined the boundaries of the draft, overlooking certain contingent parts of the text. Focusing on the internal (related to the diaries and notebooks themselves) and external (related to the writer’s artistic and journalistic texts) contexts, the researcher tries both to expand the boundaries of the draft, and to analyze the emerging ties and interconnections. Certain controversial interpretations of Dostoevsky's handwritten text lead to a new level of its comprehension and deepen our understanding of Dostoevsky's polemics with his contemporaries, in particular with Chernyshevsky.

Итальянский путь славянофила С. П. Колошина, корреспондента Ф. М. Достоевского: архивные материалы

Author(s): Irina Dergacheva / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 2/2020

The article presents the results of an archival search for information regarding Sergey P. Koloshin, a publicist and the publisher of the Zritel obschestvennoy zhizni, literatury i sporta (Spectator of public life, literature and sports) magazine, who went bankrupt in 1863. In the 1860s, he lived in Italy, attempted to collaborate with the Epokha (Epoch) magazine, corresponded with the brothers M. M. and F. M. Dostoevskys, and died on November 27, 1868 in Florence. The discovered documents allow to clarify the time and circumstances of his death. The Russian Empire’s Foreign Policy Archive contains a file regarding the assignment of the transportation the body of the deceased to Milan for burial in the columbarium to Mikhail Orlov, the Archpriest of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Nativity of Christ and St. Nicholas in Florence, who already performed the rite of blessing S. Koloshin. The latter was also entrusted with fulfilling the last will of the deceased, completing his settlements on this Earth, including those with the owner of his rented residence. Her receipt for money received indicates the address of Koloshin's residence in Milan, which is significant in connection with the search for his archive, which probably includes the letters of Dostoevsky. The article also introduces the encrypted telegrams of the Russian mission to Turin into scientific circulation for the first time. These telegrams are signed by the name Koloshin (Kolochine), and the authors suggest that they belong either to Sergey’s brother, Dmitry Pavlovich, junior secretary of the Russian mission in Brussels, or to Ivan Petrovich Koloshin, Resident Master of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire, cousin of S. P. Koloshin. He could have also provided the documents from the personal archive of S. P. Koloshin, which likely included letters from Dostoevsky.

Нечаевцы или петрашевцы? (О прототипах главных героев романа Ф. М. Достоевского «Бесы»)

Author(s): Sergey A. Kibalnik / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 2/2020

The preparatory materials for the novel Demons, published in the first academic edition of Complete Works by Dostoevsky contain his notes stating that the image of one of his main characters, Pyotr Verkhovensky, was partly stylized after M. V. Petrashevsky. At the same time, commentators found a note in this publication indirectly confirming the hypothesis that Nikolai Speshnev was one of the main prototypes of Stavrogin. The paper analyzes the preparatory materials for Demons, in which the future Stavrogin was listed as “Prince”. They are compared with Dostoevsky’s personal impressions of communicating with Speshnev, not only in 1847—1849, but also in the 1860s, after his return from exile. In addition, they are juxtaposed with printed materials about Petrashevsky and Speshnev’s stay in Irkutsk in 1857—1860. These comparisons demonstrate that significant elements of Demons’ creative history are related to the fact that while Petrashevsky took a noticeable part in the incident around the so-called “Irkutsk duel” in 1860, which was directed against the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia N. N. Muravyov-Amursky, Speshnev, on the contrary, completely changed his beliefs by that time. Thus, the preparatory materials for the novel Demons fully confirm the assumption that Nikolai Speshnev (partly along with F. Dostoevsky himself) was the main prototype of Nikolai Stavrogin. At the same time, a reference to the behavior of M. V. Petrashevsky in his Irkutsk exile in 1859—1860 allows to understand why and how a socialist-revolutionary like Sergey Nechaev could be associated with M. Petrashevsky in the mind of Dostoevsky.

«Пушкинская речь» Ф. М. Достоевского как событие (по материалам рукописного фонда Государственного музея истории российской литературы им. В. И. Даля)

Author(s): Pavel Evgenyevich Fokin,Anna Petrova / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 2/2020

140 years ago, on June 8 (20), 1880, on the occasion of the celebrations associated with the opening of the monument to Alexander Pushkin, F. M. Dostoevsky gave a speech at the second meeting of the Society of Connoisseurs of Russian Literature at the Moscow Noble Assembly hall. It was immediately recognized as a social and cultural event. This episode in Dostoevsky's biography has repeatedly attracted the attention of researchers. The manuscript collection of The V. I. Dahl State Museum of the History of Russian Literature contains a significant set of materials related to Dostoevsky’s participation in the Pushkin Celebration. In the process of collecting materials for the Memorial Museum of F. M. Dostoevsky, A. G. Dostoevskaya, the writer’s widow conducted thorough bibliographic work, tracing almost all available publications in the Russian press devoted to Pushkin speech. She made extensive extracts from newspapers, which allow you to see the event through the eyes of Russian reporters. As the analysis shows, only minor fragments of newspaper reports were of interest to Dostoevsky's biographers. The characteristic of the responses of the Russian press to Pushkin speech as a major public event, presented in this article, allows to expand the context of Dostoevsky's speech and offer a more detailed overview of the audience of Pushkin speech. An observation is made about the similarity of the event associated with Dostoevsky's speech with his optimistic anthropology, formulated in the article Golden age in the pocket (1876, A Writer’s Diary). The presented systematic corpus of publications rooted in the Pushkin speech, allows us to conclude that the speech itself became the most important information event of 1880 as a social and cultural event and literary and journalistic essay. The Appendix to the article contains photos of some materials from the Manuscript Fund of the Vladimir Dahl State Museum of the History of Russian Literature.

Альбом из Аргентины: Достоевский в коллекции А. И. Калугина

Author(s): Irina Svyatoslavovna Andrianova / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 2/2020

The reserves of the Alexander Solzhenitsyn House of Russian Abroad in Moscow holds 84 large-format albums with clippings from emigrant newspapers from the 1940s and 1950s, selected according to various subjects (Necropolis, Icons, Church, Our achievements, etc.). These materials are a valuable source for researchers, since the collections of emigrant periodicals in Russian and foreign libraries are fragmented. All albums are predictably associated with the activities of the Russian emigrants. In 1996, A. I. and N. D. Solzhenitsyns transferred them to the collection of the House. The materials were initially received from the collector himself — Alexey Ivanovich Kalugin (1883-1982), a Russian emigrant who lived in Lithuania, Germany, Italy and Argentina. The article clarifies a number of biographical facts about Kalugin, presents a letter to him from A. I. Solzhenitsyn dated September 21, 1980, analyzes the content of the album "Dostoevsky" from the Russian Writers series. In it Kalugin included excerpts from Golos naroda, Novoe russkoe slovo, Russkaya mysl, Narodnaya pravda, Za pravdu, Nasha strana, Seyatel, and other newspapers that reported on new editions of the writer's books, performances, literary debates and lectures devoted to his work (professor V. N. Ilyin, writer Osip Dymov, etc.). They also contained information on the activities of the “Circle for the study of Dostoevsky” in Paris under the leadership of G. A. Meyer, and presented the commemoration program for the 70th anniversary of Dostoevsky's death in France. The album includes reviews of published books about the writer's work, articles about his life and work written by critics and emigrant researchers, the first publications of essays by I. S. Shmelev, B. K. Zaitsev and A. M. Remizov about Dostoevsky in Russian, etc. Among the little-known materials previously unpublished in Russia, the Kalugin album contains an article by Ekaterina Dostoevskaya about Fedyusha – the writer's grandson, a publication of the boy's poems, Professor V. N. Speransky's memoirs about Anna Dostoevskaya and an interview with her. These materials are published in the Appendix to the article.

Myśl polska w obszarze rosyjskojęzycznym

Author(s): Jan Skoczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2018

This paper refers to the Russians’ and Belarusians’ interests of the Polish philosophical and social thought of the 19th and 20th centuries. The Polish thought — in the wide understanding of this notion — despite the political difficulties, it is known and commented behind the eastern Polish border. Seldom the Polish thought is a point of reference for building their own intellectual self-knowledge.

Old future, new past, or how Neil Gaiman tinkers with temporality in Marvel 1602

Author(s): Alicja Bemben / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2020

The purpose of this article is to substantiate the thesis that, in the Marvel 1602 series, there is a common denominator of the narrative mechanisms with which its author embeds fiction in history and reworks selected characters from the so-called mainstream Marvel continuity. As such denominator, I see the idea of repeatability of situational and behavioural patterns. With this end in view, I open this work by outlining how selected events of the so-called “age of heroes” are transplanted into the Elizabethan age. Second, I show how chosen Marvel characters are reworked to match the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century context. Third, I expand on the reiterative quality of the mechanisms the author uses for these purposes to support the view that the repeatability of situational and behavioural patterns is the main idea informing the narrative structure of Marvel 1602. In the conclusion section, I capitalise on the presented findings and suggest their potential implications.

From Bauhaus to Our House: Tom Wolfe contra modernist architecture

Author(s): Anna Maria Karczewska / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2020

In his 1981 book-length essay From Bauhaus To Our House, Tom Wolfe not only presents a compact history of modernist architecture, devoting the pages to masters such as Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius or Ludwig Mies van der Rohe but also frontally attacks modern architecture and complains that a small group of architects took over control of people’s aesthetic choices. According to Wolfe, modern buildings wrought destruction on American cities, sweeping away their vitality and diversity in favour of the pure, abstract order of towers in a row. Modernist architects, on the other hand, saw the austere buildings of concrete, glass and steel as signposts of a new age, as the physical shelter for a new, utopian society.This article attempts to analyse Tom Wolfe’s selected criticisms of the modernist architecture presented in From Bauhaus to Our House. In order to understand Wolfe’s discontent with modernist architecture’s basic tenets of economic, social, and political conditions that prompted architects to pursue a modernist approach to design will be discussed.

Reportaż literacki jako obszar badań (na przykładzie Szachinszacha Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego)

Author(s): Beata Nowacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2020

Shah of Shahs by Ryszard Kapuściński is considered a controversial book – the opinions about it expressed by Iranian experts are definitely divergent. The author attempts to compare the selected facts from the history of Iran, which are described in the reportage, to the information gathered in other publications (including academic sources) on the topic. The analysis of the passages of the book, which were compared with relevant historical information, identified various types of factual inaccuracies – ranging from obvious factual errors to discrepancies implemented by the reporter deliberately. The greatest value of Kapuściński’s reportage is therefore not the objectivity of the message but its universality.

The linguistic picture of the woman and the man in the prophetic books of the Old Testament

Author(s): Jolanta Szarlej / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2020

The paper is an attempt at a cognitive analysis and description of biblical images of the human being, deeply rooted in the religious system of values, such as the covenant with God, redemption or sanctity, found in various morphemes, lexemes and other expressions of the biblical Hebrew language. The analysis of the Hebrew lexemes used to define the man and the woman, helpful in the reconstruction of the informal ways of thinking of the human being, observed in the Semitic culture, is expected to present a biblical picture of the human being as a living creature (népeš), revealing itself in BäSär (a physical component) as well as rûªH (a spiritual component), a creature functioning among other creatures, belonging to their world, but also occupying a particular place in it.

ПУШКИН В ФИЛОСОФСКО-ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЕ Ю. И. АЙХЕНВАЛЬДА

Author(s): Elena Takho-Godi / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 3/2020

The article raised the question of the role of the Pushkinian principle in the philosophical and aesthetic system of Yu. I. Aykhenvald, one of the leading critics of the Silver Age. The given review of Aykhenvald’s publications on Pushkin and Pushkin studies of the first quarter of the twentieth century and analysis of Aykhenvald’s attitude to V. G. Belinsky’s and D. S. Merezhkovsky’s statements about Pushkin allowed defining more clearly the position of the literator, his approaches and methods. Aykhenvald’s articles about Anna Akhmatova, V. Bryusov, I. Bunin demonstrate that the involvement in the Pushkin tradition was for Aykhenvald the most important aesthetic criterion in assessing the modern literary process. Besides, the article regards the question of perception of Pushkin’s studies of Aykhenvald by his contemporaries — writers (B. Zaitsev, B. Sadovskoy, V. Khodasevich), literary scholars (S. A. Vengerov, B. M. Eichenbaum, A. P. Skaftymov), cultural historians (P. M. Bicilli) and representatives of Russian religious philosophy (S. L. Frank, A. F. Losev). It is concluded that, in contrast to literary historians, the phenomenon of Aykhenvald was for philosophically minded admirers of his critical talent a confirmation of the unity of national culture, the irreducibility of the nation to nationality and Pushkin as its main symbol.