Профессор Татьяна Михайловна Николаева (19 сентября 1933 г. — 21 октября 2015 г.)
In memoriam: Professor Tatyana Nikolaeva (Leningrad, September 19,1933 – Moscow, Oktober 21, 2015)
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In memoriam: Professor Tatyana Nikolaeva (Leningrad, September 19,1933 – Moscow, Oktober 21, 2015)
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In memoriam: Jozhe Toporishich (November 11, 1926–December 10, 2014)
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Conference report: International Scientific-Educational Seminar "Liturgical language of Christian Europe"
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Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip vokiečių kalbos žodis ſchampar perteikiamas Liuterio „Mažojo katekizmo“ vertimuose į prūsų ir kitas baltų kalbas. Gilinamasi į šio žodžio semantiką ir kontekstą tekste originalo kalba ir vertimų kalbose. Remiamasi hermeneutiniu ir vertimo mokslo tyrimo metodais. Analizuojama, kokias jo vertimo strategijas pasirinko vertėjai.
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By examining the realisation of the adjective in Gothic against the original Greek, this paper explores the borderline between literalness and idiomaticity in the Gothic translation of the Bible. As a general rule, the Gothic translation follows the linearity of the Greek model very closely. Occasionally, however, Gothic strays from the Greek, the most typical types of deviation being concerned with the use of different grammatical material, function and word order. Where Gothic innovates elements unattested in the original or deviates in word order, it likely asserts its native properties. It is argued that, as a whole, the Gothic text presents in itself a mixture of truly idiomatic and marginally acceptable language.
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Der vorliegende Beitrag hat zum Ziel, die Rolle der Erstsprache(n) (Muttersprache(n)) im literarischen Schreiben deutschsprachiger AutorInnen nichtdeutscher Muttersprache zu untersuchen. Es wird von der Annahme ausgegangen, dass die Erstsprache die gewählte Literatursprache (Deutsch) zugewanderter AutorInnen inhaltlich und stilistisch bereichert und eine größere emotionale und empirische Assoziationsbreite beim Eintritt in das Feld der transkulturellen deutschsprachigen Literatur ermöglicht. Literarische Konkretisierungen solcher Möglichkeiten lassen sich anhand der untersuchten Werke von Kundeyt Şurdum und Vladimir Vertlib veranschaulichen. Formen der Transkulturalitätsdynamik im literarischen Schreiben K. Şurdums und V. Vertlibs werden aus der Perspektive einer mentalen und sprachlichen Dialogizität mit der Herkunftskultur betrachtet. Mehrsprachiges literarisches Schreiben und die Translationstätigkeit werden als Formen der transkulturellen Kommunikation im Kontext der Transkulturalitätsdynamik untersucht.
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Šio straipsnio dėmesio centre – hermeneutinė vertimo teorija ir jos taikymo aspektai. Hermeneutinė vertimo teorija išsivystė, kaip atskleidžiama darbe, iš pažinimo, t. y. hermeneutinės, filosofijos krypties, ypač iš Hanso Georgo Gadamerio (1900–2002) pažinimo interpretacijos, ir buvo pritaikyta vertimui kaip specifinei pažinimo sričiai. Vokietijos hermeneutinės vertimo teorijos mokykla, išaugusi šalia funkcionalizmo krypties, ir jos ryškiausi atstovai – Hansas Georgas Gadameris (2006), Fritzas Paepcke (1986), Radegundis Stolze (1992, 2003, 2011), Sigrida Kupsch-Losereit (2008) – suformulavo teorinę nuostatą, kad vertimas yra visų pirma pažinimas ir supratimas, taip pat interpretacija. Kadangi vertimas – tai teksto ir jo reprezentuojamos kultūros interpretacija, taigi ir socialinė paslauga, kurios užduotis – sėkmingas bendravimas tarp kultūrų, o ne lingvistinis žinios ar fakto perdavimas. Laikantis tokios nuostatos, itin didelę reikšmę įgyja vertėjo interpretacinis teksto supratimas, hermeneutinio pažinimo nulemtas vertėjo santykis su tekstu. Šiame darbe atlikta teisinių tekstų analize siekiama tai patvirtinti ir atskleisti. Straipsnyje remiamasi R. Stolze aptariamais kalbos specialiesiems tikslams (dalykinės kalbos) interpretacijos aspektais, be to, jie sujungiami su funkcionalizmo atstovės Christiane’s Nord (2005) išskirtais ekstratekstiniais veiksniais, pagal kuriuos mokslininkė siūlo analizuoti visus tekstus, nepriklausomai nuo žanro, mokslo srities ir kt. – tai leidžia pailiustruoti, kaip sąveikaujant dviem teorijoms atsiskleidžia vertėjo pasirengimas versti tekstą dar nė nepradėjus tradiciškai suvokiamo vertimo darbo – kodų kaitos.
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The present paper is only a small part of the investigation we have performed into the evolution of how the meaning of colour is represented in contemporary LSP texts. The English language is undergoing a process of change characterized by a tendency towards the extension of the meaning of lexical units. This tendency can be observed in the semantic field of colour, which is a significant component of the cognitive models that enable both an understanding and representation of reality. Having studied multiple sources and analyzed numerous examples illustrating the historical evolution of this phenomenon, we aim to demonstrate both the complex, multifaceted nature of colour terms and their possible application in the designation of concepts and the formation of new terms. Within the scope of this paper, we have investigated the mechanisms of how contemporary colour-based terms are formed with the additional aim of broadening the perception of colour term applications.
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Formulaic language is widely acknowledged to be a central part of a language. However, it is heterogeneous in nature, made up of various formulaic categories with their own characteristics and behaviour. A first step towards systematically describing the relationship between these categories is to describe their distribution in language. This study investigated the frequency of occurrence of four categories of formulaic sequences: collocations, phrasal verbs, idiomatic phrases, and lexical bundles. Together the four categories made up about 41% of English, with lexical bundles being by far the most common, followed by collocations, idiomatic phrases and phrasal verbs. There were differences in the frequencies of each category in the overall corpus, and also in the four registers analysed (academic prose, fiction, newspaper language, and spoken conversation). Language mode (spoken/written) had a substantial effect on the frequency distribution of the categories as well.
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The paper deals with the history of the Department of Scandinavian Studies in Vilnius University.
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У гэтым годзе адзначае свой 80-гадовы юбілей Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун — выбітны беларускі мовазнаўца, прафесар, доктар філалагічных навук, акадэмік Міжнароднай акадэміі Еўразіі, доктар Honoris Causa Сафійскага ўніверсітэта, сябра Македонскай акадэміі навук, былы загадчык (1990–2005), а на дадзены момант галоўны навуковы супрацоўнік аддзела славянскага і тэарэтычнага мовазнаўства Інстытута мовазнаўства (філіял Цэнтра даследаванняў беларускай культуры, мовы і літаратуры) Нацыянальнай акадэміі навук Беларусі, ганаровы сябра Міжнароднага камітэта славістаў, сябра Камітэта Міжнароднай асацыяцыі беларусістаў, вядучы этымолаг Беларусі, адзін са стваральнікаў сучаснай беларускай славістыкі; аўтар больш як 350 навуковых прац у галіне тыпалогіі славянскіх моваў, арэальнай, сацыя- і экалінгвістыкі, этымалагічных даследаванняў, балканістыкі, дыялекталогіі славянскіх моваў, параўнальна- гістарычнага мовазнаўства, гісторыі славянскага мовазнаўства і славістычнай бібліяграфіі і інш.
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Время неумолимо отдаляет нас от периода жизни и деятельности ученого, зна- комого каждому лингвисту со страниц вузовского учебника. Земной путь Нико- лая Вячеславовича Крушевского был недолог, а частая смена мест проживания, которые сегодня находятся в разных государствах, и отсутствие личного архива привели к тому, что о его жизни известно сравнительно мало.
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В августе 2016 г. в Вильнюсе прошла VI международная междисциплинар- ная конференция “Письменное наследие и информационные технологии. El’Manuscript–2016”1. Конференции этой серии проходят каждые два года, при этом иx география постоянно расширяется: первые четыре были проведены в России (2006 г. — Ижевск, 2008 г. — Казань, 2010 г. — Уфа, 2012 г. — Петро- заводск), пятая прошла в Болгарии (2014 г. — Варна), шестая — в Вильнюсе, проведение седьмой конференции планируется в 2018 г. в Австрии, в Вене. На шести конференциях было заслушано в общей сложности более 500 докладов ученых из Австрии, Болгарии, Грузии, Великобритании, Германии, Испании, Италии, Казахстана, Канады, Латвии, Литвы, Нидерландов, Норвегии, Сербии, США, России, Украины, Франции, Чехии, Эстонии и других стран.
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8–11 сентября 2016 г. в Латвийском университете (г. Рига) и Вентспилсской выс- шей школе (г. Вентспилс) прошла третья Международная научная конференция “Языковые контакты и контрасты”. Традиция проведения Международных на- учных конференций, посвященных данной тематике, была заложена в 2008 г., когда на факультете гуманитарных наук Латвийского университета прошла пер- вая конференция под этим названием. Вторая конференция состоялась в 2013 г. (“Языковые контакты и контрасты II”). Участники первых двух конференций цикла сошлись во мнении, что данная исследовательская проблематика важна не только для Латвии, но и для всего региона Балтийского моря, так как здесь веками соприкасались различные культуры, традиции и языки, и историческое развитие региона происходило и происходит под знаком мультилингвизма.
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19–20 сентября 2016 г. на Кафедре славянской филологии Торуньского уни- верситета им. Николая Коперника (Польша) состоялась третья международная научная конференция “Старообрядцы в зарубежье: история, религия, язык, культура”, посвященная, как сказано в информационном сообщении, “разнообразным аспектам жизни старообрядцев вне России и за пределами юрисдик- ции Русской православной церкви”1. В работе конференции приняли участие исследователи из Польши, Латвии, Литвы, Эстонии и России. Всего на конфе- ренции было прочитано около 30 докладов (к сожалению, некоторые из заяв- ленных участников не смогли приехать).
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Jonas Jablonskis (1830–1903) — Lietuvos kalbininkas, norminęs bendrinę lietuvių kalbą. Jo darbai ypač reikšmingi lietuvių kalbai, nes visose srityse (rašybos, fonetikos, morfologijos, sintaksės, leksikos) jis pasiekė labai svarbių rezultatų: nustatė rašybos taisykles, remdamasis gyvąja kalba teikė kalbos normas, kūrė iki šiol tebevartojamus naujus žodžius.
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Using dialectometric methods and instruments,the article analyzes one of the new dialectal derivatives–the geolect of Pasvalys, located in the northern part of Eastern Aukštaitians of Panevėžys. The aim is to find the strong and weak dialectal features of this geolect and to identify its dominant dialectal variants.10-hour recordings and 60 simple-structure sentences reflecting the primary, secondary and tertiary dialectal features have been analyzed in order to achieve the research aim. The recorded sentences were uttered by nine respondents of three generations:the oldest, the middle-aged and the youngest. The respondents live in the regions of Joniškėlis, Pasvalys and Daujėnai, which are interconnected by the strongest, closest, densest and the most complex socio-cultural networks. The dialectal data, which includes the recorded sentences transcribed by IPA, was statistically calculated and quantified using the tools of the Gabmap software. The network pseudo map, reference point pseudo maps, cluster analysis pseudo maps and differential dialectal features were analyzed. The quantitative data analysis has shown that the dialectal variant used in the regions of Joniškėlis, Pasvalys and possibly Daujėnai is affected by the processes of convergence. The most stable dialectal features are used in the region of Joniškėlis. They (as well as the forms of standard language) change or supplement the dialectal features of the subdialects of Pasvalys and Daujėnai spoken in the eastern part of the area of Eastern Aukštaitians of Panevėžys (the direction of its spread is the eastern part of the area of the subdialect) and form the basis of the dialectal features of Pasvalys geolect. Both stable and changing primary, secondary and tertiary dialectal features were found in the speech of the respondents of all the three-generations. The change of dialectal features, or convergence,is the strongest in the youngest generation. It is similarly strong in the middle-aged and in the oldest generations. However, in the speech of young people, most of the primary dialectal features coexist with the secondary and tertiary ones.Thus, the formation of Pasvalys geolect is based on the more stable(rather than changing)strong variant used in Joniškėlis, which is marked by a high degree of vitality.
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By focusing on public communication, the current study aims to investigate how the concepts of solidarity and equality have influenced the norms of public communication in the West (Scandinavia) and what differences can be found in the context of Lithuania, where the late modernity did not follow the same patterns as in Western societies. This comparative study takes a diachronic approach to the use of the pronouns du/De and tu/Jūs and other address forms in Danish and Lithuanian. We examine these forms in view of democratization processes and the decreasing level of formality in the two societies. The question in focus is how address forms are used in Lithuanian and Danish dialogues in TV-series, which represent everyday communication between strangers in the second half of the 20th century and the 21st century. The empirical data for the research consists of two Danish series ”Ka' De li' østers?” (1967) and ”Bedrag” (2016-2019), as well as two Lithuanian TV-series ”Petraičių šeimoje” (1964-1972) and ”Giminės. Gyvenimas tęsiasi 3” (2017).The study covers almost six last decades and analyzes different forms of address that speakers use to meet the appropriate level of formality in daily conversations. The results have revealed significant differences in the development of Lithuanian and Danish societies and formal communication. The data indicates that Danish dialogues have become less formal over time,public communication emphasizes equality of interlocutors and does not mark differences in social status. Communication between Lithuanians remains formal; the results suggest that the choice of strategies in Lithuanian dialogues between strangers correspond to those used by Danes in the second half of the 20th century.However, it maybe assumed that the process of informalisation in Lithuanian public communication is still in progress.
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The paper aims to analyse and compare children’s acquisition of phonotactic patterns in two regional areas in Lithuania: Southern Samogitia and Western High Lithuania. The sample of the study consisted of 48 children: 24 children living in Kelmė (representing the Raseiniškiai subdialect of Southern Samogitian) and 24 children living in Kaunas area (representing the Kauniškiai subdialect of Western High Lithuanian). The data was collected using a non-word repetition test task in Lithuanian.In general, since in Lithuanian dialects vowels differ more than consonants, the pronunciation of vowels serves as one of the main criteria used to define dialects. The main dialect divisions are based on the variants of the stressed diphthongs uo and ie when they occur in the non-final position in a word. In the Samogitian subdialects, the vowels o and ė are pronounced as uo and ie (for example, kuoje [= koja] and dieti [= dėti]); the diphthongs uo and ie are pronounced as long vowels ū and ī.The results of the current research have disclosed that some features of the Raseiniškiai subdialect of Southern Samogitian prevail in children’s language. For example, instead of the vowel o, children employ uo: geluoša [= geloša], talabuosa [= staligosa]; instead of the vowel u, they opt for uo: lasmuove [= lasmuvi]; and instead of the vowel e, they tend to use ei: šveila [= švela].The results of the research also demonstrate that Lithuanian children apply the typical universal strategies of pronunciation simplification, mostly substitution and omission; other strategies, such as consonant assimilation, metathesis, sound migration to another syllable, and sound addition, were much less frequent.
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