Археолошке теме у будућим византолошким истраживањима у Србији

Author(s): Vesna Bikić,Marko Popović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

On the whole, archaeological investigation to date has been extensive and varied in character, ranging from small-scale trial excavations, usually aimed at obtaining basic information about particular sites, and excavations within conservation and restoration projects, to long-term systematic excavations. Consequently, the obtained results vary in value. The best explored so far are the sites in the Danube basin and southwest Serbia, while the archaeological picture of other regions is much vaguer. Despite this disproportion, the results of fieldwork and post-fieldwork analysis provide a solid basis for designing a few major research projects, the final outcome of which is expected to have the value of first-rate historical sources. On this occasion, three projects chronologically corresponding to major phases of Byzantine political, economic and cultural history are proposed. First project is early-Byzantine, encompassing topics relating to fortifications and defence systems, the provisioning of garrisons and trade in general, models and characteristics of planned urbanization and church organization. Second project would deal with topics relating to the period of restored Byzantine control over the Balkans in the 11th and 12th centuries, such as military and administrative seats on the Empire’s re-established border, the Archbishopric of Ohrid, especially the issues such as Christianization and the extent of Byzantinization, including the identification of the symbiosis and distinguishing between Byzantine influence and Slavic legacy. Third project would focus on exploring Byzantine urban and proto-urban centres within the medieval Serbian state, involving programmes of physical and chemical analyses of the recovered archaeological material, which may provide key answers to questions concerning the nature of the economy and trade between the Byzantine core areas and the Balkans. The proposed archaeological projects are expected to come up with some answers to central questions in the field of Byzantine studies. In that sense, the early-Byzantine topics are fully in tune with current concerns within Byzantine studies in Europe, and will make a significant contribution to them. On the other hand, the proposed middle and late Byzantine projects fit into the concerns of Balkan Byzantinology and, as such, have a strong potential for improving the understanding of architecture, culture and art in the Byzantine Balkan provinces. Given that Byzantine archaeology forms an integral part of national archaeology in Serbia, these projects are expected to result in a significant, if not landmark, contribution to understanding the complexity of medieval Serbian culture in general and the decorative arts in particular. In that sense, apart from research based on the archaeological methods, programmes of physical and chemical analyses of products, semi-products and raw materials are proposed for all topics. In addition to identifying the nature of the economy and trade between the Byzantine core areas and the Balkans, such analyses should help clarify technological aspects, i.e. differences and similarities between Byzantine products and contemporary domestic products modelled after them, as well as artefacts of a later date relied on Byzantine technology and style. Of course, publication of excavation and post-excavation results, and the study of artefacts belonging to the Byzantine cultural orbit by origin or inspiration, remain the first and foremost prerequisite for accomplishing the defined project goals.

Percepcija antike kod Matije Divkovića

Author(s): Pavao Knezović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Opus fra Matije Divkovića istražen je i procjenjivan s mnogih aspekata. Ukazano je na izvore kojim se poslužio sastavljajući kršćanski nauk, propovijedi, čudesa Blažene Djevice Marije te neke od djela u stihovima. Iz opsežne literature može se zaključiti da je opće uvjerenje kako je on eklektik koji se pokazao veoma vještim u uporabi kontaminacije, što se prvenstveno manifestira u izlaganju kršćanskoga nauka i propovijedima. Uvelike je i Divkovićeva percepcija antike ovisna o izvorima koje je rabio za svoja djela kao i njihovih ciljanih receptora. U postojećoj su literaturi utvrđeni gotovo svi nedvojbeni izvori koje je i sam Divković otkrio sukladno vremenu u kojem je stvarao.

A magyar őstörténet és a honfoglalás a középkori magyar krónikákban

Author(s): László Veszprémy / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Honfoglalás kori sír az alsó-ausztriai Gnadendorfban

Author(s): László Révész / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A kazár szakrális királyság

Author(s): Peter Benjamin Golden / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The ruling house and core tribes of the Khazar empire did not share the same tribal or, in many instances, ethnic origins as those of the Kaghanate's diverse subject population. The Khazar rulers were heirs of the Türk kaghanal charisma. Although aspects of sacral rule and dual kingship can be seen in the Türk and other Inner Asian nomad-based empires, it was only in Khazaria that the Kaghan became a sacralized, tabuized figure. This transformation occurred in the 9th century and may reflect the influence of the Ors, the Khwarazmian-Iranian guard of the Kaghan and the chief minister drawn from their ranks.

Korai történelmünk szemlélete a XVIII. század végéig

Author(s): György Szabados / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The beginnings of Hungarian history have generated a strong interest from the very first centuries of written culture. My goal is to follow the path from the first chronicles (the second half of the 11th century) to the end of the 18th century, when Hungarian historiography had attained the standard of scholarship. During this long period, both the database and the method underwent radical changes, but a critical attitude represented a constant part of the thinking. This view of our early history is not entirely the same as research into prehistory, because the former focuses on the main starting and re-starting points and the most important emblematic heroes. The medieval chronicles divided ancient Hungarian history into two parts: the Hunnic starting period focusing on King Attila's greatness and the Hungarian one led by Attila's descendants, Álmos and his son Árpád. The humanist writer Bonfini introduced the Avars between the Huns and Hungarians. This triple Hunnic–Avar–Hungarian conception was strengthened by many new details in the 17–18th centuries; it developed and dominated the common historical view. But in 1746 Anonymus's Gesta Hungarorum was first published (after lying in wait for more than half a millennium) and forced a radical turn: the Hunnic and Avar periods fell into the background and permanent Hungarian settlement was now stressed. This change can be measured well in the life's work of the two greatest Jesuit scholars, György Pray and István Katona.

Szabálytalan széljegyzetek Vásáry István új tanulmánykötetéhez

Author(s): György Szabados / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Earlier on, István Vásáry, professor of Turkology, collected his 13 studies and essays on the ancient lands of the Hungarians and the scholars of early Hungarian history who lived and worked in the 17th–19th centuries, such as the Jesuits Márton Cseles and György Pray. Vásáry's important book contains the revised and updated versions of these collected works.

A besenyők és az oguzok vándorlása a VIII. században

Author(s): Attila Katona-Kiss / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A sas szerepe honfoglalóink hitvilágában

Author(s): István Fodor / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A honfoglalás kori magyar lovak

Author(s): István Vörös / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

A magyar sámánizmusról – röviden

Author(s): Vilmos Voigt / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Különvélemény ősvallásunkról

Author(s): Gyula László / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Őstörténeti viták és álviták

Author(s): István Fodor / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Piotrusiowy Pamiętnik

Author(s): Stefan Karol Kozłowski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The papers offered in this volume, celebrating Prof.. Piotr Bieliński on his 70th birthday anniversary, cover issues of archaeology, iconography and cult, ceramics and other objects of material culture of the Ancient Near East. The chronological and geographical spectrum of these papers reflects the Jubilarian’s core research field of Bronze Age Near East, concentrating on one hand on northern Mesopotamia and on the other reaching out to the Gulf, his colleagues reach even further beyond, to Egypt, Cyprus and the Roman provinces in southeastern Europe. While the bulk of the papers are set in the Bronze Age, a number of the contributions reach back in time to the Neolithic as well as forward, to Roman and even medieval Islamic times.Five of the 42 papers in general explore topics related to Tell Arbid, a site in northern Mesopotamia that Bieliński brought to the limelight, excavating this primarily Bronze Age city with a long history between 1996 and 2010. The authors, all of them team members, discuss various aspects of ceramics (M. Momot, Ł. Rutkowski,), also in terms of what the Bronze Age diet could have been (J. Piątkowska-Małecka and A. Smogorzewska), bioarchaeological data on women from Tell Arbid (A. Sołtysiak) and the Ninevite 5 infant burials (D. Szeląg and Z. Wygnańska). However, no clear lines can be drawn considering the topics of the presentations as they tend to reach across categories. The Bronze Age landscape, urban and non-urban, of northern Mesopotamia appears in contributions presenting past and current archaeological excavations and ground surveys (R. Koliński, M. Masetti-Rouault and O. Rouault), as well as broader views of the results (K. Jakubiak, A. Reiche, Ö. Tunca). This approach comes through strongly in a series of papers that delve into iconographic studies revolving around various aspects of religion and cult, mythology and ruler representationsfrom the Bronze Age through the times of the Roman Empire (L. Bachelot, M. Bietak, P. Dyczek, K. Gawlikowska and M. Gawlikowski, H. Meyza, A. Otto and B. Einwag, R. Pierobon Benoit, P. Steinkeller, I. Zych), including text-based approaches (O. Drewnowska, P. Michałowski, P. Taracha).A special place among these studies have papers devoted to seals and sealing practices, in Mesopotamia (C. Kepinski, M. Luciani, D.J.W. Meijer, P. Steinkeller) and in the neighboring regions in different periods (M. Iskra, A. Pieńkowska). Royal serekhs stamped on jars are cited as evidence for early rulers from the Nile Delta trading extensively with the Near East (K.M. Ciałowicz). Material culture appears also in contributions on Neolithic building materials (M. Białowarczuk), dress and accessories (S.N. Amirov and Y.V. Lun’kova), reworked ivory pieces and animal-shaped amulets (F. Pinnock, C.E. Suter), craft discoid loom-weights for weaving (A. Ulanowska), and a variety of ceramics, from Bronze Age (M. Kelly-Buccellati, D. Lawecka, Ł. Rutkowski) through Hellenistic (M. Momot) to Islamic (M. Mierzejewska). Drumming up interest in non-material culture is a study of early Mesopotamian percussionists (P. Michałowski).It is a sign if the breadth of the Jubilarian’s life achievement that the volume also includes papers on modern documentation standards and their development citing examples from the history of Near Eastern archaeology and current fieldwork (M. Rekowska and W. Nowakowski, P. Zakrzewski), conservation projects (M. Kowalczyk and M. Olbryś) and creative site maintenance (G. Buccellati). The lattermost ties in with an address by M. Al.-Maqdissi concerning the future of archaeological research in Syria.As is fitting for a Jubilee volume, the opening part introduces Stories about Piotr: the customary brief biography and list of publications, but also four essays on Bieliński, not-only-the-archaeologist (W. Borodziej, S.K. Kozłowski, W. Lengauer, and W. Tygielski) – a very personal look at the academic establishment at the University of Warsaw, the Professor’s alma mater and lifelong place of employment, in the past half a century.

Evolution and Development of the Trade Route in Ladakh: A Case-Study of Rock Carvings

Author(s): Khushboo Chaturvedi,Varun Sahai / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

From the beginning of human history trade has been major source of growth of civilization and material culture. Economy was the main crux which caused Diasporas what disseminated cultures and religions on our planet. The Silk Road was one of the first trade routes to join the Eastern and the Western worlds. Ladakh also underwent the same process of evolution of trade although it was a difficult terrain but it provides access to travelers from central Asia and Tibet through its passes. Ladakh was a crossroads of many complexes of routes, providing choices for different sectors connecting Amritsar to Yarkand. Again, from Leh to Yarkand, there were several possible routes all converging at the Karakoram Pass. Comparative small human settlements in oases of Ladakh’s desert rendered hospitality to the travelers being situated as halting station on traditional routes. Indeed, such places (halts) were natural beneficiaries of generating some sort of revenues from travelers against the essential services provided to caravans and groups of traders and travelers. Main halts on these routes are well marked with petro-glyphs right from Kashmir to Yarkand and at major stations with huge rock carving of Buddhist deities. Petro-glyphs, rock carvings, inscriptions and monasteries, mani-walls and stupas found along the trekking routes, linking one place to other, are a clear indication that the routes were in-vogue used by caravan traders; these establishments were used as landmarks or guidepost for travelers. Further, proof is derived from several monumental images of Buddhists deities, which are interpreted as signs of early Buddhist culture. Certainly these images may be the result of the perpetuating tradition of rock-carving that is noticed from China to Rome in ancient time. Nevertheless, the rock images may be taken as signs of the cultural exchange between the initiators (Kashmiri) and the local population. The purpose of this study is to establish the larger cultural and historical contexts of the arts, considering the issues of patronage and art production.

Notatki lwowskie 1944-1946

Author(s): Ryszard Gansiniec / Language(s): Polish

The notes were taken in Lviv by Ryszard Gansiniec, a classics professor at Jan Kazimierz University and at the Soviet Ivan Franko Lviv State University from July 1944 to June 1946, when the scholar left the city for good. It is a unique source material concerning everyday life in the city at the end of the Polish period in Lviv and the fate of Polish intelligentsia after the end of the Second World War. It is the second, enlarged and supplemented edition of the book, first published in 1995.

Mapping Ptolemaic Dacia

Author(s): Şerban George Paul Drugaş / Language(s): English

This volume is a contribution to the decipherment of Ptolemy’s universal map, with focus on the territory known as Dacia. The information provided by Ptolemy was translated into modern data considering local features and complying with certain general principles. The difficulty of this task consisted in the way the ancient manuscripts transmitted the original location coordinates, as well as in the way Ptolemy patched together information from ancient itineraries and other sources. The author of this volume conceived a general formula for mapping Dacia based on the information found in the two oldest sources he used. Furthermore, he determined local patterns with the help of the other sources – therefore, defining locations resulted in a better determination of the surrounding relative positions. This information, as well as the correlation of the Ptolemaic locations with archaeological findings, provides an increased recognition of Ptolemaic Dacia, while also contributing to exposing the Ptolemaic universal map.

Legal Consciousness in the Works of Thoughts of Ancient and Medieval Ages

Author(s): Bogdan David / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Legal consciousness has been and remains an integral part of the historical evolution of human society, and even more, it, in the context of the historical process of development of human society is identified as a phenomenon that drives, complements and defines social relations and reflects them in the norms of law, or consciousness is a superior form of reflection of the objective reality, proper only to human.

Lexicon of Spiritual Powers in the Nag Hammadi “Library” in the Light of the Texts of Ritual Power

Author(s): Przemysław Piwowarczyk / Language(s): English

The lexicon contains a complete list of spiritual beings (“powers”) mentioned by name in Nag Hammadi and related texts. They are presented against a broad background of ritual magic texts: “magical” papyri, defixiones, lamellae, and amulets of precious and semi-precious stones. The whole is also supplemented by extracts from patristic literature. The main part of the Lexicon is preceded by an introduction, in which the fundamental originality of the demonology of the Nag Hammadi texts is demonstrated. The book is addressed primarily to researchers interested in late antique Christianity, especially Gnosticism. Specialists in late antique magic will also benefit from it, as the lexicon juxtaposes two source corpora, which are generally considered separately. It is the first comprehensive undertaking of its kind in the world literature on the subject.

Problem antycznej teologii solarnej

Author(s): Marek Job / Language(s): Polish

The term ‘solar theology’ has been used in the study of Greco-Roman polytheism for over a century. The aim of this volume is to establish to what extent and in what cultural context solar theology can be viewed as a historical-religious phenomenon.