Украшения в позднеримском полихромном стиле из могильника Опушки в Крыму

Author(s): Igor Khrapunov,Anastasiya A. Stoyanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2018

This paper publishes the adornments featuring the Pre-Hunnic polychrome style discovered by the excavations of the cemetery of Opushki in the Piedmont Crimea. Artefacts in this style occur in the Crimea, Lower Don, and north-western Black Sea area in the second half of the third and fourth centuries AD. There are spatial differences between these finds: the Crimean foothills know only adornments, while the rest of the area knows mostly horse harness and some weapons and, in a very few cases, earrings. The reasons behind these differences are still unanswered, even hypothetically, and the problem of the production place of these artefacts and their prototypes is still a subject of discussion. Introduction of new finds from Opushki cemetery for discussion is a significant extension of the available sources for analysis of this problem.

Укрепленные поселения первой половины эпохи бронзы севера Западной Сибири

Author(s): Victor A. Borzunov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The author considers the most northern in Eurasia fortified settlements dated to the beginning and middle of the Bronze Age (by radiocarbon dates: end of III — first half of II Millennium BC). They are located in southern and northern taiga of Western Siberia between 55º10´ and 64º10´ of northern latitude. Previously spread here Neolithic and Copper Age fortified settlements had disappeared and were replaced by larger (130—580 m2) timbered fortified dwellings. They are located on high capes and edges of ancient terraces. The dwellings have been protected by ditches and, occasionally, by defensive walls. These fortifications were invented and constructed by primeval groups of taiga fishermen and hunters. The main reason of their emergence was a new redistribution and fixation of hunting territories among different groups. It coincided with inflow of new population from the south during the period of climatic optimum that caused severe competition among hunting communities.

Умбоны типа Добродзень эпохи переселения народов: распространение, происхождение и датировка

Author(s): Michel Kazanski / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2019

Shield bosses of Dobrodzień type are well known in Barbaricum, from the Danube to the eastern shore of the Black Sea. Most of these finds are from the barbaric sites of Central Europe, which are related to the Germans of the late Roman period and the beginning of the Great Migration period. Majority of Dobrodzien type shield bosses, regardless of the region they are found, come from “military” burials containing other weapons, in particular swords and spurs, both traditionally considered to be a sign of some military prestige. The time of their distribution corresponds to the initial phase of the Great Migration period, approximately 370—430. Even though all known shield boss of Dobrodzień type originate from a barbarian, primarily Germanic context, it is assumed that this type of weapon was of Roman origin, possibly representing production of Roman workshops on the Middle Danube.

Уникальное захоронение ребенка раннескифского времени на могильнике Сарыг-Булун (Тува)

Author(s): Marina E. Kilunovskaya,Vladimir A. Semenov,Varvara S. Busova,Kharis Kharrasovich Mustafin,Irina Eduardovna Alborova,Alina D. Matzvai / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2020

In 1988, the Tuvan Archaeological Expedition (led by M. E. Kilunovskaya and V. A. Semenov) discovered a unique burial of the early Iron Age at Saryg-Bulun in Central Tuva. There are two burial mounds of the Aldy-Bel culture dated by 7 th century BC. Within the barrows, which adjoined one another, forming a figure-of-eight, there were discovered 7 burials, from which a representative collection of artifacts was recovered. Burial 5 was the most unique, it was found in a coffin made of a larch trunk, with a tightly closed lid. Due to the preservative properties of larch and lack of air access, the coffin contained a well-preserved mummy of a child with an accompanying set of grave goods. The interred individual retained the skin on his face and had a leather headdress painted with red pigment and a coat, sewn from jerboa fur. The coat was belted with a leather belt with bronze ornaments and buckles. Besides that, a leather quiver with arrows with the shafts decorated with painted ornaments, fully preserved battle pick and a bow were buried in the coffin. Unexpectedly, the full-genomic analysis, showed that the individual was female. This fact opens a new aspect in the study of the social history of the Scythian society and perhaps brings us back to the myth of the Amazons, discussed by Herodotus. Of course, this discovery is unique in its preservation for the Scythian culture of Tuva and requires careful study and conservation.

Уникальное погребение могильника эпохи раннего энеолита Екатериновский мыс на Средней Волге

Author(s): Arkadii I. Korolev,Anna F. Kochkina,Dmitriy A. Stashenkov,Alexander A. Khokhlov,Natalia V. Roslyakova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2018

This is the first time we published the results of a comprehensive study of burial 45 of the eneolithic cemetery called Ekaterinovsky Cape. The burial contains the skeleton of a young man with traumatic injuries of the skull, leg and hand bones of other individuals, skeleton of a young specimen of a domestic goat (Capra hircus) that was abundantly sprinkled with red ocher. Grave goods include three stone scepters of different types, a large item made of horn in the shape of a bird’s head, a stone adze, knife-like plates of quartzite, beads from the flaps of the shells (Unio), marmot cutters, decoration made from a beaver’s tooth. The uniqueness of the burial is determined by the combination of the composition of the grave goods and traces of ritual practices. To conclude, we suggest the buried man could belong to the elite of the society that left this burial ground.

Употребата на етникони в тракийските земи

Author(s): Georgi Mitrev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

As names and part of the system of names, ethnicons are characteristics for both ancient and contemporary societies. In the world of Ancient Greece where two names were used traditionally at the presentation of citizens, their given and their paternal names, these names complement the information about the origin of the persons which are also indicative of their native land. With the gradual establishment of Greek settlers in various parts of Thrace, after the age of antiquity these traditions also infiltrated Thracian territories. In the time of the Roman emperors, rising monuments with inscriptions spread among broader strata of the Thracian provincial population in Macedonia, Thrace, Moesia, Dacia, Bithynia and elsewhere. In these conditions, epigraphic heritage also began to include elements and influences coming from the living Thracian language. Against the backdrop of those processes and in relation to the different factors necessitating the use of ethnicons or other similar means to present origins, we see a tradition that is characteristic of Thracians and the Thracian language. The ethnicons that have reached to us are such that can be linguistically defined as Thracian in origin. The sources show that the Thracians also had their tradition in the use of ethnicons based on a model typical of their language. Those were twofold names with first or second root Dentu- or -dentes.

Усадьба раннескифского времени Западного Бельского городища

Author(s): Iryna B. Shramko,Iryna A. Snitko,Stanislav A. Zadnikov,Oleksandra A. Malyarevskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

The article considers one of the aspects of adaptation of the population to the natural conditions and landscape of the developed territory of the left-bank forest-steppe, taking into account social and household needs and occupations. For the first time ever, a comprehensive study of the available materials from the excavation of ashhill 28 from the Western Bilsk fortified settlement and application of layout and spatial modeling method have offered various options for the scientific reconstruction of a dugout as a residential center of sedentary population. The volumetric-spatial construction of a residential building is based on planigraphic, stratigraphic observations, and the conclusions of researchers about the climatic, topographic features of the microregion. The manor existed in the first quarter of the 6th century BC.

Утверждение Рима в Северо-Восточном Средиземноморье и "мрачное столетие" для Фракии (170-70 гг. до н.э.)

Author(s): Jurij Kabakchiev / Language(s): English Issue: 4/1993

Уточнение списка магистратов, контролировавших керамическое производство в Гераклее Понтийской

Author(s): Vladimir I. Kac / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2017

The paper deals with clarification of the most complete list of magistrates present on the widespread in the Western and Northern Black Sea Region englific stamps imprinted on amphorae, traditionally attributed to Heraclea Pontica. As a result, from the list, numbering 92 names, four magistrates were removed and the reading of the names of two officials was corrected. In addition, eight previously unknown eponyms were added. It is possible that with the appearance of new materials the list of magistrates will be extended with few more officials, whose names are only presumed at the moment. Thus, now we know about a hundred Heracleian magistrates. In connection with the extension of the list there is a need to correct the relative and absolute chronology of ceramic stamps of Heraclea Pontica.

Уточненная хронология книдских амфор IV — начала III в. до н. э. по материалам керамических комплексов Кубани

Author(s): Sergei Ju. Monachov,Elena V. Kuznetsova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2021

As a result of work in the Kuban region in recent years, about twenty Maeotian burial complexes have been explored, where Knidian amphorae together with containers from other centers or black-glazed pottery have been discovered. The analysis of these complexes has made it possible to define the dating of certain types and variants of the Knidian containers more exactly. It is clear that vessels of the “Elizavetovskiy” and “Cherednikovyi” variants of type I “with mushroom rims” were produced simultaneously in the second — the early third quarter of the 4 th cent. BC. In the middle of the century, change in morphology towards vessels height and diameter increasing occurred, and the containers were developed within the “Gelendzhik” and “Chersonesos” variants of this type in the third quarter of the century. Alongside, a container of the next type II appeared (with “roller-shaped” rims), which coexisted with amphorae with “mushroom” rims for some time.

ФАЛЬШИВОМОНЕТНИЦТВО НЕОФІЦІЙНІ ІМІТАЦІЇ ЧИ НЕОФІЦІЙНЕ МОНЕТНЕ ВИРОБНИЦТВО ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРИСУТНОСТІ ЛИТИХ ДЕНАРІЇВ І-ІІІ СТОЛІТТЯ Н.Е НА ВАВРВАРСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЯХ ПІВДЕННО-СХІДНОЇ ЄВРОПИ (ЗА МАТЕРІАЛАМИ МЕЖИРІЧЧЯ СЕРЕДНЬОГО ДНІСТРА І ПІВДЕННОГО БУГУ)

Author(s): Oleg Pogorilets,Oleksandr Nadvirniak / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2019

One of the «white» spots, which, until recently, was clearly fixed not only against the background of the monetary circulation of Roman times, but also the events associated with the formation of some archaeological cultures, and in particular, Chernyakhivsky, among other things, the theme was set out presence «cast» denarius, copied from the emissions of the I-III centuries AD in the South-Eastern Europe area. At the same time, the monitoring of the information space, and, first of all, internet resources, fixes the growth of messages about the detection of coins from this group, which, in turn, adds arguments that it is necessary to update the research issues which helps to identify sources of their receipt (or origin), chronology of «production» and «circulation», as well as places in everyday life, cults and beliefs of the population living in this territory in the first third of the 1st millennium BC. These circumstances have led to launch the program «Moneta Barbaricum», in the framework of «Terra Amadociae» project, in 2014, among its primary tasks were the accumulation, verification, systematization and analysis of the basic information, the attraction and introduction new materials into the scientific circulation, and in particular, which was connected with local centers of «emissions» of cast denarians on the outskirts of Korzhyvtsi village, Derazhnyanskiy district and Abrykosivka village, Kamyanets-Podilskiy district of Khmelnytskiy region. In parallel with this, in 2016, the first steps were taken to study the elemental composition of cast alloys of denarius and waste from their «production». However, the detection and fixation of the activities of «emission» centers in Korzhyvtsi and Abrykosivka, testing of X-ray fluorescent graphy of «finished products» and «waste products» it is only a small percentage that needs to be done to find out the problems associated with the subject of the presence of «replicas» of the Roman denarius of the I-III centuries in the «barbaric» territories of Southeastern Europe, and hence the answer to the questions: «cast» denarius – forgery, unofficial imitation or informal coin production?

Фаунистический комплекс городища Анашкино по результатам раскопок 1999—2017 гг.

Author(s): Mikhail V. Sablin,Boris S. Korotkevich,Karina Yu. Iltsevich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

The article presents the results of the study of osteological material from the early Iron Age hillfort Anashkino (Upper Dvina region, Pskov oblast, Russia). We present here a series of new facts, elaborating our ideas about the economic life, customs and traditions of the local population in this epoch. In total, 20647 determinate bones had been examined from the Anashkino hillfort from the VIII—I century BC cultural layers in 1999—2017. The osteological material is relatively well preserved. Freshwater fish played a significant role in the diet of people in the early Iron Age. In total, 407 individuals of eighteen species mammals were identified at Anashkino. Our analysis showed that the ratio of the live weight of wild and domestic mammals in the diet was approximately equal, and the butchering of animals took place directly at the settlement.

Феномен Боспорского государства в отечественной литературе

Author(s): Yuri A. Vinogradov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2000

The article analyses main stages in the 200-years long history of Bosphorus State studies. The meaning of the concept of “phenomenon of the Bosphorus Kingdom” is formulated and interpreted. The concept is formed of three basic aspects:1. There were a number (at least 7) apoikias on a rather limited territory on the Bosphorus shores, which is not typical of the rest Pontus’ coast.2. As time passed, these colonies were united in one state, the biggest one in the Northern Black Sea region, and the only one with a monarchic rule.3. These peculiarities allow considering that Bosphorus played the most important role in development of contacts between the Greeks and the Barbarians in Crimea and North-Eastern Black Sea region.A very significant for understanding of the Bosphorus state phenomenon is the moment of adaptation of the Greek settlers to the new environment, both in the landscape and climatic sense and the ethno-cultural one, with all its typical values and standards – spiritual and material. As a result, the Greek culture on the Cimmerian Bosphorus underwent that transformation, which then became one of the most important components, namely the “Bosphorus phenomenon” itself. Besides, the article outlines main stages in the study of the Bosphorus state in the Russian and and Soviet science of History. It describes as minutely as such publication allows each of these stages with its typical scientific concepts and opinions, which from time to time would suffer rather radical changes.

Феномен браслетов-«не-браслетов»

Author(s): Svetlana S. Lysenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 12/2020

The paper deals with the place of late antique bracelets with knobs in the funerary costume. There is an established opinion in the scientific community now, that such products were not used as bracelets, but were exclusively amulets. The main argument for such a conclusion is the absence of examples of fixing these items on the hands of the buried. Archival sources and publications of complexes with such bracelets were studied, and plans and descriptions of graves were considered to revise this assessment. It was clearly shown as a result of the study, that there are known cases of finding bracelets with knobs on the hands of the buried, which allow us to interpret them as bracelets.

Феномен черняховской культуры эпохи Константина — Констанция, или Что такое черняховская культура?

Author(s): Mark B. Shchukin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/1999

In the epoch of Constantinus the Great (306-337 A.D.) and Constantius II (337-361 A.D.) the evident flourishing of Chernyakhov culture is observed. The recent chronological elaborations allow now to mark out in the whole mass of sites the ones belonging exactly to this period and to be convinced of astonishing multiplicity of population, relative wealth and even high level of civilization of the community. We can fix writing, both Greek and Runic, and possession the «high technologies» of the epoch. They produced wheel-made pottery of highest quality, had khowledge of rotation-grindstones, used wide glass vessels, wine and other goods brought over here in amphorae, made numerous bohe-combes, bronze and silvr fibulae and buckles, used for their manufacture files. We can trace nothing of the kind either for the previous, or for the following time. According to the author’s opinion, this phenomenon could be explained by the special character of connections with the Empire. In 332 A. D. Constantinus concluded a treaty (foedus) with the Goths, obliged them not to let other Barbarians pass the borders of the Empire and to send recruits for the Roman army. In return the Empire was obviously compeled to pay them and probable to pay much — in silver, provisions, clothers and privileges for traders. The relative prosperity caused perhaps a demographical burst.

Фибулы «Монструозо» в ареале самбийско-натангийской культуры

Author(s): Konstantin N. Skvorzov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2020

Аll currently known brooches from the Sambian-Natangian cultural area of type A-216/A-217 from Almgren Group VII are presented. Clasps of the monstrous type are rare and have never been produced in series. Scandinavia and the islands in the Baltic Sea are considered to be their place of origin, from where they have spread to neighboring European areas to the area of the Chernyakhov culture. Such brooches are generally rare. This applies in particular to the Sambian-Natangian culture, in the area in which they have never been manufactured and only imported. So far, only four finds of brooches A-216/A-217 from Almgren Group VII are known: a silver brooch with gold-plated details, found in 1886 at Grebieten; a silver brooch from the year 2000, part of the women’s burial No. 78 from the grave of Lauth-Bolshoe Isakovo; a silver and bronze brooch with gold-plated pressed parts, found in 2002 on Ushakovo-1 burial ground; and a fragment of a brooch made of silver, found in 2016 in Sychevka. Monstrous fibulas are not only interesting as unique pieces of jewelry art, but also valuable as stable chronological indicators, and provide useful information about cultural interactions and influences between the region of the Sambian-Natangian culture and the area of the Barbaricum in the late Roman period.

Фибулы с эмалью второй половины I—III вв. из памятников Кабардино-Пятигорья

Author(s): Yuriy A. Prokopenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 14/2022

The article considers seven bronze fibulae decorated with enamels. They have been discovered in the late 19th century, in the 1970s, and in the early 21th century in the foothill area of the Central Caucasus (Kabarda-Beshtau). Fasteners No. 1 and 2 come from E. Zichi’s collection (the late 19th century, from the area around the Chegem River and the Baksan River); one of them is a hinged arched fibula, and another is an arched fibula with a two-bar hinge. Brooches No. 3—5 have geometric shields and two-bar hinges; these were found by A.P. Runich in the vicinity of Kislovodsk. Brooch No. 6 was found within the excavation unit area at Zayukovo-3 burial ground. This one has a flat rhombic shield supplemented with zoomorphic bulges on four sides, its hinge two-bar in kind; a needle of this brooch has not been preserved. Fibula No. 7 is shaped like a shoe sole. It was revealed in a Sarmatian time occupation layer of the hillfort near Kalezh Mount in the vicinity of the village of Kamennomostskoye. Fibulae No. 2 and 3 are eclectic forms displaying elements characteristic for (a) plate brooches with figurative zoomorphic margins and bird figurines on their shields, (b) fasteners with transverse rectangular enamel inlays, and (c) flat annular shield fasteners with four symmetrically placed bulges shaped like animal heads. Fibula No. 6 represents a rare form of personal ornaments; in the North Pontic area, it is only the second time that an item like this has been reported to be found. Typological analysis of the enamelled brooches under study indicates that they were manufactured in the Roman provinces within the time range from the late half of the 1st century until the 3rd century. Their emergence in Kabarda-Beshtau is associated either with Sarmatian raids in northern Dacia, or with the presence of a Sarmatian group allied to Rome in Roman fortresses, or, finally, with a military clash of the Alans of Don with the Goths in the Northern Black Sea region in the early 3rd century.

Фибулы Тарасовского могильника на Средней Каме (III—V вв.)

Author(s): Rimma D. Goldina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2019

A 1st—5th centuries Tarasovo burial ground located on the Middle Kama River is the largest among the Finno-Ugric sites in Eurasia. Its 1,880 burials with 2,096 buried and over 37,000 artifacts were excavated and thoroughly studied over the area of over 16,000 sq. m. The graves’ descriptions and drawings were published, the burial ritual was studied, and the chronological division by centuries and half-centuries, if possible, was developed. Fibulae (147 pcs) hold a specific place among the accompanying grave goods. They were found in the 3rd—5th centuries graves only and include import (26 pcs, 9 types) and local (121 pcs, 10 types) versions. The analysis of the import fibulae allows to trace the 3rd—5th cen. historical ties of the Perm Finns mostly in the south-western direction, such as the Crimea, Kuban River Region and Lower Volga Region, as well as with the southern Sarmatians from the South Cis-Urals. Plenty and great variety of the local fibulae manifest the aesthetic views of the local populace and corroborate the existence of the Kama bronze-casting school.

Фибулы типа Удине-Планис

Author(s): Igor O. Gavritukhin / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The author examines the history of studies of the fibulae of Udine-Planis type, and distinguishes series of such fibulae. The Italo-Germanic series (ca. 490—530 s.) was related to the Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy. The Balkan-Pontic series was shaped under the influence of the Ostrogothic samples; after 530-s. an important production centre developed in Bosporus. The Danube-Dnieper series (ca. 6th c.) was formed in the Lower Danube area; this and the Middle Dnieper area have evidences of local production.

Философия и религиозная политика в «Философской истории» Дамаския

Author(s): Eugene Afonasin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2022

In the paper, I consider some aspects of religious politics in late antiquity on the basis of select fragments from Damascius’ “Philosophical History,” translated into Russian for the first time. I also observe that the archeological finds, often better than the biased literary evidences, show both the different strategies of interaction between the adherents of pagan cults and official Christianity in late antiquity and, more importantly, the non-linearity of the paths by which Christians advanced towards their goal, without ever reaching it. We see that the church authorities often permitted the total destruction of pagan sanctuaries, as happened in 392 with the Serapeum, by initiating the full-scale persecution of pagans and their physical elimination, as Damascus testifies in many sections of his history. On the contrary, in some cases they sought only to "neutralize" the pagan cult, depicting crosses on statues and using ancient temples as churches and, accordingly, to attract the pagan intellectual elite to their side. All in all, this material allows us to take a more comprehensive view of history, reconstructing a complex cultural context.