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TÜRK TAKVİM MİTİ EKSENİNDE EVRENSELCİ DİKOTOMİNİN İZLERİ: ERGENEKON DESTANI ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Zeynep Seleme ALFEEL,Aynur Koçak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 43/2023

The Ergenekon Epic is an important narrative in which the Turks melted the iron mountain and initiated rebirth. The significance of this epic arises from the fact that it is a narrative that determines both cosmogony and the calendar and time. This narrative, which reveals the beginning of spring with symbolic elements, is also accepted as the origin narrative of the Nevruz celebration, which holds an important place in Turkish culture. It is also possible to see traces of the Turks' understanding of universalist dichotomy in this narrative. The Turks became a society that developed their own dual collective philosophies and their own understanding of "wisdom" and their way of perceiving the world was also reflected in the narratives. According to the Turks' understanding, the universe was formed by the union of Earth and Sky. This merger is also the foundation of other beings. Although Earth and Sky are opposites, they originate from the same essence. One does not have superiority over the other; they complement each other, and the harmony they create together brings forth the birth of the universe. This understanding constitutes the “universalist dichotomy”. In this study, the concepts of time and calendar are briefly discussed, and the Turks' way of perceiving time and the calendars they create are mentioned. Then, the spring festivals, which have been considered sacred and celebrated throughout world history as a calendrical practice, are discussed. In the continuation of the article, the concept of the universalist dichotomy is emphasized. Afterwards, brief information about the Ergenekon Epic, which forms the main part of the article, is provided, and its summary is presented. In the last part, the symbols in the Ergenekon Epic belonging to the Göktürks are analyzed, and the analysis is completed by considering the epic in the context of the universalist dichotomy.

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GAZİANTEP KENT MERKEZİNDE HAMAM KÜLTÜRÜ

Author(s): Ayşenur ÖZDAL / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 43/2023

Baths hold an important place in Turkish culture as traditional cleansing spaces. Designed within spacious structures, baths have been social areas where cultural values revolving around cleanliness are preserved and social interactions take place. The bath tradition in Anatolia is a continuation of the Roman bath culture, which has gradually acquired new values and formed its own distinctive identity. In this study, the aim was to document and preserve the bath culture in the city center of Gaziantep within the framework of safeguarding both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. To achieve this goal, a combination of literature review, personal interviews, and observational methods were employed to gather data. The obtained data aimed to determine the current state and changes in Gaziantep's bath culture over the past century. Following an introduction to the history of bath culture and information about Gaziantep's baths, the study provides insights into the various types of baths and the literary works created around the bath culture in Gaziantep within the context of ceremonial traditions. Subsequently, information about the Gaziantep Hamam Museum, which contributes to the recognition of bath traditions in the city's culture, is presented. Furthermore, a glimpse is given into the changing bathing structures and culture in contemporary times, along with the transformation and evolution of the bath tradition. As a result, it has been observed that over the past century, baths, once vibrant cultural spaces, have gradually lost their traditional functions. Traditional baths have been gradually replaced by individual home bathrooms and new establishments within the framework of luxury consumption, such as hotels, where some of the old traditions have been lost while others have been updated and transformed.

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ŞAİR GÖZÜKARA’NIN KALEMİNDEN 6 ŞUBAT 2023’TE YAŞANAN KAHRAMANMARAŞ DEPREMİ

Author(s): Adnan BOYUNDURUK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 43/2023

The tradition of minstrelsy is one of the most important living treasures of Turkish culture. During their life time, the representatives of this tradition expressed the pain, joy and longing, aesthetic and cultural values of the people through their works. Throughout history, many poets and minstrels such as Abdurrahim Karakoç, Ahmet Çıtak and Derdiçok have been raised in the town of Elbistan in Kahramanmaraş, which is a part of the Turkish cultural geography. Today, Mehmet Gözükara is one of the most important poets living in the district of Elbistan. In his works, the poet Gözükara expresses the failing aspects of society, his joys, longings and sorrows through his works. On February 6, 2023, there were two earthquakes, the epicenter of which was Kahramanmaraş. Hundreds of thousands of people migrated, tens of thousands of people died and various sufferings were experienced in this earthquake, which affected eleven provinces in Turkey. One of the centers affected by the earthquake disaster is the district of Elbistan. Poet Gözükara has written works in which he expresses his experiences in the district of Elbistan during the earthquake, what happened after the earthquake, the migrations due to the earthquake disaster, and the pain, desperation and feelings of hope of people as a result of migration. In the article, information about the life, works and poems of the poet Mehmet Gözükara, which he wrote after the earthquake disaster, was obtained during the interview with him. Poet Mehmet Gözükara improvisational poetry constitutes an example of the living artist type who expressed the problems of the people through his works.

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KAZILIK KOCA OĞLU YEGENEK BOYU ÜZERİNE HERMENEUTİK BİR TAHLİL DENEMESİ

Author(s): Fatih Keskin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 43/2023

The main theme of the Epic of Yegenek Son of Kazılık Koca, which is jointly included in the Dresden and Vatican copies of the Book of Dede Korkut, is the struggle of the hero to set his captive father from captivity. The behavior of Yegenek, who is the hero of the narrative, is different from that of his father, Kazılık Koca, his uncle Emen, and the twenty-four Oğuz Lords he took with him as fellow travelers. Reinforcing his physical and military power with positive values such as a strategic mind, unity consciousness, trust, and belief, Yegenek succeeded at what other Oghuz lords had failed to achieve and defeated Direk Tekür, son of Arşın. Thus, Yegenek stands out as the representative of a new hero type that brings together the previous generation of heroes within the framework of their own fighting methods. In addition, Yegenek's struggle contains intense references in terms of psychoanalysis and archetypal symbolism, as it bears the signs of the conflicts experienced by the individual in the process of existence. The aim of this study is to reveal the semantic world of The Epic of Yegenek, son of Kazılık Koca, based on the explicit and implicit references in the text. Therefore, in this study, Yegenek's adventure is subjected to an interdisciplinary hermeneutic reading process by making use of the data of the fields of study such as psychology, theology, and archetypal symbolism, as well as the literature, narrative, and folklore. Yegenek's struggle is considered as a part of Oğuz's collective existence struggle within the scope of the study; on the other hand, it is evaluated as the process of discovering the unconscious area of the individual and confronting the negative features that were previously attempted to be pushed into this area by the consciousness. In addition, the dream that Yegenek saw on his way to Düzmurd Castle, and which constitutes a secondary plane of reality in the narrative, is considered as one of the important stages of his initiation and reaching psychic integrity, and is examined within this framework.

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MENÂKIBNÂMELERDE YASAK MOTİFİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Author(s): Harun Akçam / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 43/2023

Folk narratives establish a cultural relationship between texts thanks to the motifs they contain. Motifs are also present in different periods and different narratives as cultural carriers. Thus, the similarities and differences of folk narratives within the cultural geography can be determined. Based on these findings, academic studies are carried out. Menaqibnames are among the important works of storytelling, mostly as prose narratives in Sufi Folk Literature. Menaqibnames are not written only to describe the lives of the great religious leaders. At the same time, they have the aim of both spreading the cultures of the religious groups to larger areas and transferring them to the next generations. Thus, the awareness and permanence of these religious groups is ensured. In the study, the motif of taboo, which is one of the motifs seen in the menâkibnames, is emphasized and this motif, which is in the motif index of Stith Thompson, has been examined. Hacı Bektas-ı Veli, Kaygusuz Abdâl, Seyyid Ali Sultân and Abdâl Mûsâ menaqibnames were examined in the study. Based on this examination, it has been tried to determine how the functions of the menaqıbnames are established through motifs and how they are conveyed to the listeners or followers in this way.

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ANADOLU SAHASI TÜRK HALK ŞİİRİNDE TURNA: DERDİÇOK ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Bedri Özçelik / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 43/2023

The Anatolian field of Turkish folk poetry, which was founded by the nomadicmarried Turks living in Central Asia by hunting and husbandry, and accepted as one of the cultural heritages of Turkish wisdom, is one of the literary assets that carry the material and spiritual values of the culture that survives in this geography from generation to generation and reflects the sense of beauty of the people. The nature which appears in the center of human life has influenced the formation and configuration of Turkish Folk Poetry tradition. The animals which are one of the main and natural elements of nature have been accepted as one of the most distinctive cultural dynamics of mankind since ancient times. The crane, which takes part in the animal world, is one of the bird species, and accepted as a connotation symbol in many fields of Turkish literature, has also been handled and processed as a common motif in Anatolian Turkish folk poetry. The use of crane motif as an image in Turkish folk poetry, which reflects the feelings, thoughts, and tastes of the Anatolian people and Derdiçok’s poems with crane motifs constitute the subject of this study. The aim of the study is determining the characteristics of the crane in the poems of Derdiçok, who is accepted as one of the well-known representatives of the Turkish folk poetry tradition of minstrel style and in Turkish folk poetry that emerged, developed and matured in this geography, and contributing to the field by interpreting these texts. In this study, it has been determined that the crane is discussed with its beauty, its resemblance to a lover, and the qualification of bringing news in various verse forms and types of Turkish folk poetry tradition. In addition to this, information about the life of Derdiçok, who lived in the AfşinElbistan Cultural Basin in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century, was given, and the content analysis of his poems with crane motif was made. After all, it has been seen that the crane takes place in Derdiçok's poems, with its features in Anatolian field Turkish folk poetry; at the same time the poet's didactic poems in which he gave advice to the cranes in order to be vigilant against their enemies, as well as his conversational poems in which he communicated with them were determined, and all his poems with crane motifs were analysed.

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VSEVOLOD MEYERHOLD VE “BÜYÜK TEMİZLİK” DÖNEMİ

Author(s): Fidan MAMMADOVA / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 43/2023

At the beginning of the 20th century, profound changes occurred in various fields, including theater. Theater discovered another creative entity beyond the playwright - the Director. The Director became the central figure of Theater, which was enriched with new artistic and aesthetic tools of the time. Directors who sensed the demands of their era with creative intuition and aimed to present sufficiently good works of art validated their profession through new reforms. One of these directors is Vsevolod Emilyevich Meyerhold. He is one of the directors who not only influenced but also shaped the face (aura) and visibility of 20th-century Russian theater thought. Meyerhold, with his creatorship of producer (constructivist) stage design and biomechanical acting approach, has a rich creative heritage as a theater director, theorist, actor, and educator. This study discusses Meyerhold's innovations in Russian theater during the period he lived, his stance against Stalin’s “Great Purge” (Stalin Repression) policy, and his approach to the political developments of his time. Meyerhold, one of the victims of the "Great Purge", brought an innovative approach to stage decoration, bringing the stage and the audience together and involving the audience in the stage.

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КИТАЙ В СУДЬБЕ СЕМЬИ ГИРС

Author(s): Anna M. Kharitonova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 8/2023

The article looks at the representatives of the Girs family who lived in China at the turn of the XX century as civil servants involved in the state affairs related to the Qing Empire or for family reasons, namely Russian Foreign Minister N. K. Girs (1820–1895), Russian Envoy to China M. N. Girs (1856–1932) and his wife M. N. Girs (Zamyatnina) (1860–1942). The study is aimed at analyzing the Girs family’s life stories and sources that most vividly illustrate China and Russian-Chinese relations at the turn of the XX century. The source base is comprised of archival materials and diaries of contemporaries. The applied hermeneutic method made it possible to interpret archival sources in more detail and supplement some well-known pages of Russian-Chinese relations. The study was spurred by the active interest of the Girses’ descendants in the family history, as well as the work of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation aimed at preserving the memory of outstanding diplomats who made a great contribution to the development of Russian-Chinese relations. Current intensification of ties between Russia and China encourages researchers to study the history of these bilateral relations, linking the present with the past. The author comes to the conclusion that once in China, the members of the Girs family conscientiously performed their duties. Moreover, M. N. Girs’s diary written during the Boxer Rebellion is a valuable source of the first-hand testimonies of those tragic events.

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ЗАМЕЩЕНИЕ ПРОФЕССОРСКОЙ КАФЕДРЫ В РОССИИ НАЧАЛА ХХ ВЕКА (по материалам эпистолярного наследия Ф. В. Тарановского)

Author(s): Aleksey A. Isakov,Lyubov V. Isakova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 8/2023

The article presents the specific features of the competitive election of professors in pre-revolutionary Russia reconstructed on the basis of studying the letters of a famous Russian legal scholar F. V. Taranovsky. Investigating this issue is directly related to the problem of restoring a complete picture of the academic culture of that time. This determines the relevance of the stated topic caused by ongoing changes of legal, socio-economic, historical and cultural nature. The study is based on the analysis of a set of written sources, including letters, telegrams, and postcards sent by Taranovsky to the Dean of the Faculty of Law of Yuryev University, V. E. Grabar, from December 1907 to September 1909. The work is based on the principles of historicism and the value approach, highlighting individual phenomena of the past that are of primary importance for the current stage of development of society as a whole and historical knowledge in particular. The biographical method was mainly used for studying and describing the procedure of the faculty election of a candidate for a vacant professorial chair with its inherent specificity determined by the legislation of the Russian Empire, the established rules for reviewing and discussing the candidates, as well as the personal characteristics of the elected and the electing ones. The presented material and the conclusions drawn from the obtained results are an important contribution to studying one of the important aspects of the academic cultural tradition in prerevolutionary Russia and an important complement to the known biographies of some early-twentieth-century Russian professors.

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İznik Müzesi’nden Ana Tanrıça (Kybele) ve Aphrodite Figürinleri

Author(s): Gülşen Kutbay / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2023

The subject of this publication; It consists of two Mother Goddess (Kybele) figurines and one Aphrodite figurine in terracotta, which were purchased in the inventory of the Iznik Museum. The Mother Goddess (Kybele), whose emergence dates back to the Prehistoric Ages, and which is referred to as the Venus of the age, has continued its existence effectively in every period. The Mother Goddess (Kybele) is known as the symbol of fertility and fertility, the ruler of nature and the mother of all gods and goddesses who ensure the continuity of life. Existing Mother Goddess figurines are examples of the depictions of Agorakritos, one of the Classical Period sculptors, derived from the typology of the Cybele statue sitting on the throne. Descendant of the Mother Goddess; known with the epithets of love, beauty, desire and sexuality, the Aphrodite figurine belongs to the Anadyomene type associated with the birth myth of the goddess. The figurines, which are based on religious structures and concepts and considered among the important archaeological finds, provide information on many subjects, including the socio-cultural life, cult structure and belief of the geography they were produced. As in many art fields of Antiquity, all kinds of innovations and technical changes observed in figurine art were also affected by historical facts, lifestyle, belief and geography. The figurines that are the subject of the study, for which no find site and context data are available; it was evaluated technically, iconographically and stylistically, and a date proposal was made with the help of similar examples.

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Ekrem İmamoğlu örneği üzerinden Türkiye’de sol popülizm

Author(s): Sema Sertkaya,Cumhur Aslan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2023

Populism which has emerged in different societies and at different historical times in world politics, is one of the pioneering political concepts that is also effective in Turkey, and has become a key concept in explaining Turkish politics. Populism came into existence in the Ottoman Empire during the Second Constitutional Monarchy period under the leadership of Ottoman intellectuals who were influenced by the Narodnik movements in Russia. Since then, populism has passed through certain stages and changes in Turkish politics, and has managed to reach the present day. Especially after the establishment of the Democratic Party, many aspects of populism, which succeeded in establishing close relations with right-wing parties, gained visibility in the pioneering leaders of Turkish politics and had variations of right and left populism. While right-wing populism has more symbolic ties with nationalism, history and religion, left-wing populism has been closely associated with concepts such as equality, freedom, and justice. In this article, the thesis that Ekrem İmamoğlu who won the mayorship of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality in the local elections of March 31, 2019 in Turkey, has played an important role in this success by effectively and effectively using the basic codes of conservative, nationalist, right populism in addition to the Kemalist, secular, left populist codes he used. In this sense, both the Kemalist, secular, left-wing versions and the right-wing, conservative, nationalist versions of the populism used by Ekrem İmamoğlu during the election process have been tried to be revealed by utilizing the critical discourse analysis technique. Ekrem İmamoğlu effectively used the basic codes of left populism such as equality, freedom, and justice, and succeeded in gaining the support of Kemalist, secular and leftist voters. In addition, Ekrem İmamoğlu frequently made visible the historical, national, and religious values that the right, conservative, and nationalist segments attach importance to, both in his discourses and in his attitudes and behaviors in the public arena during the election. In this context, Ekrem İmamoğlu, using the conservative, nationalist, right-wing populist codes in Turkey effectively and functionally, received the support of those who are called both conservative and nationalist voters and who are historically distant from the Republican People’s Party. He played an effective role in the election of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality.

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A Prologue to apology and futurism: Projections of nineteenth-century American Historicism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Custom-House”

Author(s): Yonca Denizarslanı / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Distracted by the contesting political debates between aristocratic republicanism of the Revolutionary era and democratic republicanism of the Antebellum; Nathaniel Hawthorne’s narrative tone in his prologue, “The CustomHouse” carries out the ideological assets of nineteenth-century American historicism in accord with which he laid ahistorical fictional elements failing to portray the entirety of early colonial New England in his 1850 novel, The Scarlet Letter. In this respect, “The Custom-House” portrays Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Romantic projections aimed at consoling the contemporaneous polarization on the futurity of the nation as much as his redemptive quest for his ancestral past in colonial Salem. Thus, as the dean of American Renaissance authors and a fervent Romantic, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s concern for an absolute-oriented moral vision, his apologetic perspective of the past, and his affirmative tone for the futurity of American democracy are most out loud in his writing. This study aims to focus on Hawthorne’s apologetic and futurist projections of nineteenth-century American historicism in his prologue, “The Custom-House” for his 1850 novel, The Scarlet Letter, concerning his responses to the anxieties of Antebellum America.

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BİZANS İMPARATORLUĞU’NDA EVLİLİK VE KADIN

Author(s): Harun Korunur / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 79/2023

Women have existed in life since creation until today, sometimes they were sanctified, sometimes they were seen as witches and were tortured. Depending on the living conditions, they have sometimes come to the forefront and sometimes remained in the background, isolated from society. As in many empires, the place of women in the Byzantine Empire is undeniable. The Byzantine Empire appears as one of the important political organizations that continued its existence for more than a thousand years. Throughout this long period, the perception of women and their position in society has undergone changes. With the influence of the Christian religion and customary practices, women have taken their place in society. The presence of women, who are the cornerstone and indispensable part of society in every era, in the social life of the Byzantine Empire, their motherhood qualities, their roles as spouses, and marriage traditions constitute the subject of our research. The Byzantine Empire's view of women throughout its long existence and how they were positioned in society has been tried to be explained in a general narrative, based on sources and interpreted, and sometimes by giving specific examples. The aim of this research is to shed light on how women were positioned in Byzantine history by examining the perception of women and their perspective on marriage in Byzantine society.

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Nuclear Deterrence Policy in the Post-Cold War Period

Author(s): Gorda Gibradze,Alika Guchua / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2023

During the Cold War, there were two nuclear superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States, who had their own allies. They divided the whole world into spheres of influence, and there was an indirect struggle for supremacy between them. Therefore, they started a nuclear race for supremacy. As a result of these policies, both superpowers have built up enormous stockpiles and capabilities of nuclear weapons. All this could destroy the earth several times. Like the nuclear weapons in their arsenal today. After the Cold War, a new geopolitical order was created in the world, dominated by the USA. However, this dominance did not last long, as new geopolitical players became active in the world in the form of Russia and China. They have their own geopolitical interests and a unique vision of the world. After the creation of nuclear weapons, nine nuclear states emerged in the world. As well as a number of states that want to possess nuclear weapons. Therefore, it is important to pursue a policy of nuclear deterrence to make the world safer. The presented article discusses the policy of nuclear deterrence and the existing difficulties in the post-Cold War period. The aim of the work is to discuss the nuclear deterrence policy and analyze the existing threats in the process of establishing a new world order.

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Seyit Family Ali Koçlular: From the Greek Lang to Rumeli and from the Balkans to Anatolia

Author(s): Hakkı Taşğın / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This study aims to bring Seyit Family Ali Koçlular to the academy’s attention and is structured around the migration of Ali Koçlular from the Balkans to Anatolia, centuries after the settlement of the Greek Land to Rumeli. Postgraduate studies on mass migration from the Balkans to Anatolia are limited. There is no postgraduate study on Ali Koçlular yet, therefore, this paper aims to draw attention to the subject with the presentation of Ali Koçlular, who migrated from the Balkans to Anatolia, and can be directly associated with the social and religious structures of these two significant territories. This study was carried out in line with my master’s thesis, which is about Ali Koçlular and is still being written.

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УКРАЇНСЬКЕ КОЗАЦТВО ЯК НОСІЙ НОВИХ ЯКОСТЕЙ (РИС) ЦИВІЛІЗАЦІЙНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ

Author(s): Mykhailo YURIY / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2022

The article is devoted to Cossacks as an extraordinary phenomenon in European history. Its peculiarity is that it became a separate social class with certain rights and had its own territory, independent of the state administration. The relevance of this new social force was caused primarily by the strengthening of social, economic and religious coercion of broad sections of the population. The question of archification, barbarism and civilization is raised as a social and cultural process through which it passed establishment of Cossack identity realizes the novelty of the study. The article uses the descriptive and comparative methods. Conclusions. It is emphasized that the issue of national self-assertion in the 17th century passed into the hands of the Cossacks. It was the Cossacks who had to take over the baton of the former Ukrainian “classocracy”, which for a long period was in a state of decay and destruction. The Cossacks turned out to be capable of directing the manifestations of the protest movement of different classes in the direction of the long national liberation war against Polish rule, which led to the formation of an independent Ukrainian state – Hetmanship.

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Prikazi

Author(s): Rusmir Mahmutćehajić,İsmail Albayrak,Alija Pirić,Faruk Dizdarević,Faiz Softić,Faiz Softić,Esad Kučević,Božidar Proročić,Safet Hadrović Vrbički,Edin Smailović,Miraš Martinović / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 93-94/2023

Reviews of: 1. Fajko Kadrić “Šta su meni ptice: Kazivanja Ekrema Redžića”, Tešanj: Planjaxkomerc, 2022. 2. Haverić Džavid, “Historija islama i muslimana u Australiji: Rane interakcije, naseljavanja i zajednice prije sredine 1940-ih” Haveric, Dzavid, History of Islam and Muslims in Australia: Early Encounters, Settlements and Communities Prior to the Mid-1940s, Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, 2019. (263 pp.) ISBN 978-0-9580103-6-8. 3. Enes Karić, “Boje višnje”, Tugra, Sarajevo, 2023. treće izdanje. 4. Ulvija Mušović, “Vatan”, Almanah, Podgorica, 2023. 5. Dino Burdžović, “Memoari Besima Jusufovića”, Centar za očuvanje i razvoj kulture manjina Crne Gore, Podgorica, 2023. 6. Fatmir Bači, “Zalog svjetlosti”, Matica Bošnjaka, Novi Pazar, 2020. 7. Sve što je Dino napisao bilo je z(l)ato: Dve decenije od prerane smrti pesnika Aladina Lukača 8. Safet Hadrović Vrbički, “DIVAN - antologija vlastite lirike (tom I)”, Rožaje 2023. Izdavač: Udruženje bošnjačkih pisaca Crne Gore) 9. Zehnija Bulić: „Čekajući Turke“, Izdavač: BUKS, Novi Pazar, 2019. Faruk Dizdarević, “Druga obala: Ogledi i razgovori”, Grafičar, Užice, 2022. 10. Esad Kočan, “Naša Rijeka”, Almanah, Podgorica 2023.

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Curating Industrial Memories in a Museum: An Artistic Approach

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Curating Industrial Memories in a Museum: An Artistic Approach

Author(s): Linara Dovydaitytė / Language(s): English Issue: 03+04/2023

This article examines the advantages of an artistic approach to collecting and mediating personal memories of contested pasts in a museum. It focuses on the community platform Backup Stories (Mažosios istorijos), founded and curated by the artist Auksė Petrulienė, which has been operating since 2017 at the M. K. Čiurlionis National Museum of Art in Kaunas, Lithuania. Dedicated to the museumification of Soviet and post-Soviet industry through working class testimonies, it is analysed as an example of bringing together memory activism, creative mediation, and critical reflection on the phenomenon of memory. The author argues that Backup Stories helps to reflect on broader issues at the intersection of museums and memory studies, such as the reliability of memory, the problem of the transmission of memory, and the museum’s commitment to its memory communities.

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Epitafi dijaka Semorada

Author(s): Gordan Čahtarević,Zijad Halilović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 52/2023

This paper focuses on Semorad, the most renowned scribe - dijak of medieval inscriptions on stećaks. It is known in the existing literature that Semorad signed six stećaks at the Boljuni site near Stolac. However, this paper reveals that his sphere of activity extends to Nevesinje and Kalinovik. In the stećak necropolis at the Pitomi Brijeg site in Morine, the municipality of Nevesinje, seven inscriptions on stećaks bear the signature of Semorad. Additionally, one inscription is found at the Bojičića Valley site, Crvanj Mountain, in the municipality of Kalinovik. The inscriptions are written in medieval epigraphic Cyrillic, featuring archaic orthographic conventions characteristic of the medieval Bosnian region in the 15th century. Their graphic inventory includes a blend of the constitutional script type with minuscule letter forms.

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Gdje su “nestali” stećci?

Author(s): Tatjana Mićević-Đurić,Edita Vučić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 52/2023

Stećci, monolithic tombstones, are the bearers of the unique sepulchral culture of the Bosnian and Hum Middle Ages. Considering the fact they are located in natural surroundings, and regarding their total number, artistic and design characteristics, stećci represent the cultural phenomenon of medieval Europe. Due to the previous reflections on the stećak as a phenomenon of the Bosnian Middle Ages, the following issues were not debated: Where did the stećak tombstones “disappear”? Did stećci just stop being made or did they continued to “live” in certain modified forms of the tombstones? There are also later tombstones, both Muslim and Christian, which, through the evolution of form, depict specific situations of coexistence of members of different religions.

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