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Trianonská problematika a (česko)slovenské učebnice dejepisu

Author(s): Barnabás Vajda / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Jérome Bruner vo svojej eseji o kultúre vzdelávania upozornil, že: „cieľom výučby dejepisu je pomáhať žiakom vytvárať významy, nie riadiť učenie len na zapamätanie významov.“ Jadro jeho myšlienky nielen pamätať, ale aj vytvárať významy upriamuje našu pozornosť na isté znaky tradície. Práve tie, okrem iných, ovplyvňujú nielen charakter či špecifiká historického poznávania v edukačnom prostredí, ale i intenzívnejšie prebiehajúci slovensko-maďarský historicko-didaktický dialóg o tvorbe národných či spoločných učebníc dejepisu.

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Vývin školského systému na Slovensku v rokoch 1918 – 1939

Author(s): Ľubica Kázmerová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Vobdobí vzniku Československej republiky (ČSR) sa školstvo na Slovensku, ktoré tvorí základ každej národnej kultúry, nachádzalo v katastrofálnom stave, čo bolo dôsledkom dlhodobého pôsobenia uhorskej štátnej politiky voči nemaďarským národom Uhorska a vojnovej vyčerpanosti spoločnosti. Prechodom frontu na východe Slovenska a tiež rabovaním po skončení vojny boli mnohé školské budovy poškodené a ich mobiliár zničený. Vládne miesta mladého štátu si uvedomovali zložitosť situácie a problémom školstva a vzdelávania venovali zvýšenú pozornosť. Centrálnym orgánom riadenia školstva sa stalo Ministerstvo školstva a národnej osvety (MŠANO) so sídlom v Prahe. Školstvo spravoval v slovenskej dočasnej vláde od novembra 1918 Anton Štefánek, ktorý sa stal o niekoľko mesiacov neskôr referentom pre oblasť školstva Ministerstva s plnou mocou pre správu Slovenska spravovaného Vavrom Šrobárom. Od roku 1919 pod jeho vedením pracoval Referát MŠANO pre Slovensko so sídlom v Bratislave.

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„Záleží na nás, ako sa dohodneme“.

Author(s): Tomáš Hrustič / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Kapitola o účasti Rómov na súčasnom politickom dianí sa nedá začať inak, ako spomienkou na udalosti nežnej revolúcie v novembri 1989 a úryvok z vyhlásenia práve sa formujúcej Rómskej občianskej iniciatívy (ROI), v ktorom okrem iného stálo: „Bratia a sestry Rómovia! Prebuďte sa! Prišiel deň, na ktorí naši predkovia dlhé roky čakali. Ten deň je tu. Rómovia, ktorí žijú v našej krajine, môžu prvýkrát zobrať svoj osud do vlastných rúk. Teraz záleží na nás, ako sa dohodneme, ako budeme držať spolu a čo spravíme pre naše deti. Spojme sa s ľuďmi, ktorí sú ochotní nás počúvať. Ide o Občianske fórum...“ (Pečínka, 2003: 2). Toto vyhlásenie bolo súčasťou príprav na založenie Rómskej občianskej iniciatívy (ROI), ktorá zároveň mobilizovala Rómov na účasť v revolučných udalostiach. Zakladatelia ROI 26. novembra 1989 prehovorili po boku zástupcov Občianskeho fóra k státisícovému davu na Letenskej pláni v Prahe. V revolučnom nadšení dav skandoval: „Ať žijí Romové!“ (op. cit.).

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Mrzimo se kao ljudi

Author(s): Ivan Čolović / Language(s): Serbian

Kamo lepe sreće da zaista možemo pristupiti anatomiji hrvatsko-srpske mržnje. Jer anatomi – kao oni na Rembrantovom „Času anatomije“ – uglavnom rade na mrtvim telima, na leševima, a mržnja o kojoj mi ovde govorimo živa je, živa i zdrava. I mi koji hoćemo da zasečemo u njeno živo tkivo rizikujemo da se srpsko-hrvatska mržnja okrene protiv nas. Drugim rečima, oni koji na srpskoj i hrvatskoj strani ne hrane ovu mržnju, ili nisu ravnodušni prema njoj nego je dovode u pitanje, analiziraju, seciraju in vivo – bave se, blago rečeno, jednim delikatnim poslom.

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Sergej Flere – intervju

Author(s): Sergej Flere,Dragan Štavljanin / Language(s): Serbian

Interview with Sergej Flere by Dragan Štavljanin.

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Dvije zaboravljene vladarice

Author(s): Emina Žuna / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Iako su priče o bosanskim kraljicama brojne i interesantne, u ovom tekstu će biti predstavljene samo dvije, i to one čije sudbine sadrže u sebi elemente od kojih neki i danas bitno određuju žensku priču. Prva je kraljica Mara Jelena (1447-1500), a druga Esma sultanija (1726–1788).

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I DIO: 1914-1941. Žene kroz smjenjivanje epoha

Author(s): Aida Spahić,Fabio Giomi,Zlatan Delić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U ovom poglavlju ukratko će biti predstavljen period od početka Prvog svjetskog rata do početka Drugog svjetskog rata u Jugoslaviji 1941. godine u kontekstu djelovanja žena. Na samom početku dat je kratak pregled historijsko-društvenih okolnosti, a nakon toga prikaz ženskog udruživanja, prava za koja su se zalagale te faktora koji su otežavali ili donekle olakšavali njihovo djelovanje. Također je dat osvrt na ekonomska, socijalna, obrazovna, građanska i ostala prava žena u ovom periodu, kao i na prilike u književnosti i pozorišnoj umjetnosti. U ovom poglavlju se prilikama u Prvom svjetskom ratu gotovo uopće ne bavimo uslijed nedostatka literature o tom periodu. Kako ne želimo da vrijeme izbriše i njihove biografije i doprinose, na kraju poglavlja navodimo sasvim kratko informacije o njihovom životu i radu, unaprijed žaleći što mnoge žene ovog perioda ni na stranicama ove knjige neće naći svoje mjesto.

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III DIO: 1945-1990. Žene u socijalizmu - od ubrzane emancipacije do ubrzane repatrijarhalizacije

Author(s): Bojana Đokanović,Ivana Dračo,Zlatan Delić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Ovo poglavlje se kontekstualno osvrće na društvene, ekonomske, političke i kulturne prilike, te svakodnevni život u Socijalističkoj Republici Bosni i Hercegovini (SRBiH), odnosno Socijalističkoj Federativnoj Republici Jugoslaviji (SFRJ) po završetku Drugog svjetskog rata pa do kraja osamdesetih godina, sa posebnim naglaskom na žensko pitanje i položaj žena. Pažnja će se posvetiti ranim socijalističkim naporima i zakonodavnim mjerama za ravnopravnost spolova i emancipaciju žena, kao i cjelokupnom društvenom napretku za vrijeme socijalističke vlasti. Pitanja pozitivnih i negativnih implikacija ovog napretka po život žena propitivat će se iz feminističke perspektive. Za čim su žene žudjele, čemu su stremile, čemu se nadale i za šta se borile, da li su uspjele dosegnuti ravnopravnost sa muškarcima u periodu bratstva i jedinstva – samo su neka od pitanja kojima će se posvetiti posebna pažnja. Kako je pitanje obrazovanja žena bilo posebno važno u ovom periodu, ovoj temi će se posvetiti posebna pažnja, kao i doprinosu žena nauci. Pregled prilika kad su kultura i umjetnost u pitanju, posebno književnost, slikarstvo, pozorište i film daje se kroz predstavljanje rada određenih žena u ovim oblastima. Napominjemo da su i u ovom poglavlju spomenute samo neke od žena koje su se svojim djelima, radom i ostvarenjima istakle u toku socijalističkog perioda BiH.

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IV DIO: Devedesete, rat i nakon rata u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Arijana Aganović,Zlatan Delić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Ovo poglavlje će se baviti položajem žena u periodu 1992–1995. Ovdje će biti predstavljene uloge žena u različitim oblastima djelovanja, kao što je vojska, civilna odbrana, obrazovanje, medicina, umjetnost, politika, ali i žene kao ratne zločinke, te žene kao žrtve silovanja.

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V DIO: Granice milenija, sadašnjost

Author(s): Elmaja Bavčić,Zlatan Delić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Započeto razvodnjavanje i rasplinjavanje ženskih prava i utjecaja postignutih izlaskom žena iz privatne u javnu sferu tokom rata nastavilo se u postsocijalističkoj BiH. Tranzicija, izgradnja države, postdejtonski kontekst, kvote – nacionalne, teritorijalne, rodne, demokratizacija i ostali socijalni ugovori pokazali su se vrlo rodno obojeni kada se govori o restrukturi ženskih pozicija. U procesima ekonomske reintegracije, reartikulaciji radnih prava i ostvarivanja političke moći, mjesto i uloga žene nastavlja retrogradni trend započet sa posljednjim ratom. Glavni neprijatelji feminizma u postjugoslavenskom prostoru su državne nacionalne ideologije, na impresivan način paralelne u svome diskursu, postupcima, stavu prema ženama.

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European Neutrals in the Cold War

Author(s): Thomas Fischer / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

I have been asked to present at this opening panel some historical background information on the European neutrals in the Cold War. As we will talk more specifically about the experiences of individual neutral states tomorrow, I will mainly focus here tonight on the ideological and systemic conflict between the superpowers and on what this meant for the practice of neutrality during the period from 1945 to 1989.

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Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement

Author(s): Dragan Bogetić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

I will make an attempt to briefly present the key determinants and content guidelines of the Yugoslavian non-aligned policy, but also to indirectly indicate the contact points and differences between this policy and the concept of neutrality itself. After a period of uncritical glorification, followed also by euphoric satanization of the non-aligned concept, finally the time has come, based on relevant archive material, to provide real answers, at least to some elementary questions in this field. Some of them are: if this policy was in fact desired or forced; how difficult was it to prompt sometimes unwilling partners who were not belonging to neither of political-military blocks to cooperate, and finally, why Yugoslavia distanced itself from Europe and connected to far away and unknown civilizations.

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Reprezentacija nasilja nad ženama u printanim medijima tokom socijalističke epohe u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Mirza Džananović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Tokom gotovo pola stoljeća socijalističkog razvoja u Bosni i Hercegovini dogodile su se značajne promjene u političkom, društvenom, privrednom, kulturnom, demografskom i svim drugim aspektima svakodnevnog života, a jedna od važnijih tekovina ove epohe jeste značajno promijenjen položaj i uloga žene u bosanskohercegovačkom društvu. Iako je emancipacija žena u društvu krenula još tokom Drugog svjetskog rata,1 ovaj proces je značajno intenziviran nakon okončanja ratnih operacija i potpune uspostave novog političkog, ideološkog i društvenog sistema, koji se nije ustručavao koristiti sve raspoložive instrumente za ostvarenje sopstvene vizije društva. Ta vizija podrazumijevala je, između ostalog, i značajno drugačiju ulogu žena u novom socijalističkom društvu koje se, barem u teoriji, zasnivalo na jednakim pravima, mogućnostima i obavezama svih članova zajednice bez obzira na nacionalne, rasne, vjerske ali i rodne razlike.

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Violence against Women: Discourses, Perspectives, Lessons from the History of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This book is the result of scientific cooperation and research by a group of historians, legal scholars, sociologists and literature historians within a project entitled “Violence against Women: Discourses, Perspectives, Lessons from BiH History”. The project was designed with the understanding that, despite the persistent and multi-layered nature of violence against women in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), as well as numerous sources where violence can be observed, this theme remains marginalised in historiography. Knowledge of the issue remained fragmented and there was no study that offered a comparative view over an extended period of time. In order to remedy this shortcoming and provide a contribution to the wider understanding of socio-cultural history of BiH, the team of researchers gathered around this project identified, researched and presented, in ten chapters, different forms of violence against women across BiH history, as well as societal attitudes towards this phenomenon from ancient times until the modern era. As members of the academic community, we hold that understanding the historical background of the culture of violence – violence against women in particular, as well as the mechanisms that maintain and reproduce it, is an important precondition for establishing greater quality dialogue on the issue of violence against women. Namely, the elimination of violence against women is one of the priority goals of the UN today. y. However, this goal cannot become operational in an area if there is no insight into the historical dimension of violence against women and how traditionally rooted it is in human society. This book is a significant contribution towards filling that void and the conclusions reached research may serve as the basis for further comparison with similar studies that are currently on the rise across the globe. What are the conclusions? What is their significance in academic research and why are they important in social strategies for combating violence against women?

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Gewalt gegen Frauen: Diskurse, Perspektiven, Lehren aus der bosnisch-herzegovinischen Geschichte

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

Dieses Buch ist das Ergebnis der wissenschaftlichen Zusammenarbeit und Forschungsarbeit einer Gruppe von Historikerinnen und Historikern, Juristinnen und Juristen, Soziologinnen und Soziologen sowie Literaturhistorikerinnen und Literaturhistorikern im Rahmen des Projekts “Gewalt gegen Frauen: Diskurse, Perspektiven, Lehren aus der bosnisch-herzegowinischen Geschichte.” Die Konzeption dieses Projekts entstand aus der Erkenntnis, dass trotz der Langfristigkeit und Vielschichtigkeit von Gewalt gegen Frauen in Bosnien und Herzegowina sowie der zahlreichen Quellen, in denen Gewalt nachweisbar ist, dieses Thema in der Geschichtsschreibung marginalisiert wurde. Das vorhandene Wissen darüber war fragmentarisch, und es gab keine einzige Studie, die diese Frage auf vergleichende Weise über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg untersucht hätte. Um diesen Mangel zu beheben und einen Beitrag zum Verständnis der soziokulturellen Geschichte von Bosnien und Herzegowina zu leisten, hat das Forschungsteam, das dieses Projekt durchgeführt hat, verschiedene Formen von Gewalt gegen Frauen in der bosnisch-herzegowinischen Geschichte identifiziert, analysiert und in zehn Kapiteln dargestellt. Zudem wurde untersucht, wie die Gesellschaft dieses Phänomen vom antiken Zeitalter bis in die Moderne wahrgenommen hat. Als Mitglieder der akademischen Gemeinschaft waren wir der Meinung, dass das Verständnis des historischen Hintergrunds der Gewaltkultur, insbesondere der Gewalt gegen Frauen, sowie der Mechanismen, die diese Gewalt aufrechterhalten und reproduzieren, eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Eröffnung eines qualitativ hochwertigeren Dialogs über die Gewalt gegen Frauen ist. Die Beseitigung von Gewalt egen Frauen ist heute eines der vorrangigen Ziele der Vereinten Nationen. Es ist jedoch sehr schwierig, dieses Ziel in einem bestimmten Bereich zu operationalisieren, wenn man keinen Einblick in die historischen Dimensionen der Gewalt gegen Frauen und deren traditionelle Verwurzelung in der menschlichen Gesellschaft hat. Mit diesem Buch wurde ein bedeutender Beitrag zur Schließung dieser Lücke geleistet, und die im Rahmen der Forschung gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können als Grundlage für Vergleiche mit anderen ähnlichen Studien dienen, deren Zahl weltweit stets zunimmt. Welche Schlussfolgerungen wurden gezogen? Welche Bedeutung haben diese im akademischen Bereich und warum sind sie für die gesellschaftlichen Strategien im Kampf gegen Gewalt gegen Frauen wichtig?

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Osudy československých Židů deportovaných z území Těšínského Slezska do Niska nad Sanem v říjnu 1939 ve světle dokumentů NKVD

Author(s): Jan Dvořák / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This paper examines the circumstances under which Jews from the Czechoslovak part of Těšín (Cieszyn, Teschen) Silesia – deported by the Nazis to the town of Nisko on the San River in October 1939 – found themselves in the territory of the Soviet Union, where, with few exceptions, they were subjected to repression by the Soviet regime. It focuses on the specific fate of individual Jews in connection with their imprisonment, deportation, and forced labour in Soviet labour camps (Gulags), while also pointing to the possibilities and chances of survival in these inhuman conditions. The paper draws primarily on a study of former NKVD materials that have been preserved in Ukrainian state and security archives.

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Přehled pramenů dochovaných z činnosti vystěhovaleckého fondu židovského

Author(s): Renáta Růžičková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The establishment and operation of the Jewish Emigration Fund in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were pivotal during the Nazi occupation. Created by a decree from the Reich Protector in 1939, the fund managed the confiscation and liquidation of Jewish property, prohibiting Jews from handling real estate and business assets. The fund's activities included overseeing the emigration process, managing seized assets, and addressing creditors' claims. Post-occupation, the fund's records were crucial for restitution processes, documenting the extent of Nazi expropriation and the subsequent efforts to return property to surviving owners or their heirs. The archival materials, preserved in various Czech archives, provide invaluable insights into the administrative mechanisms of the Holocaust and the post-war restitution efforts. These documents reveal the bureaucratic complexities and the personal stories of those affected, highlighting the importance of preserving such records for historical research and justice.

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Židovští uprchlíci z Haliče a Bukoviny na Klatovsku v období první světové války

Author(s): Klára Habartová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document discusses the plight of Jewish refugees from Galicia and Bukovina during World War I, who were forced to flee their homes due to the conflict between Russian and Austro-Hungarian armies. These refugees traveled in large numbers to the interior of the Habsburg monarchy, primarily to Vienna and various regions in the Czech lands. They faced numerous hardships, including long journeys on foot or in overcrowded trains, and were often housed in inadequate conditions. The state and charitable organizations provided some support, including food, clothing, and medical care. Refugees were also subjected to health inspections and quarantines to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Despite these efforts, many refugees suffered from poor living conditions and high mortality rates. The document highlights the significant impact of these refugees on local communities, both positive and negative, and the ongoing challenges they faced even after the war ended.

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Změna postoje vládnoucích orgánů CSR k židovské komunitě po roce 1948 na příkladu vystěhovalectví

Author(s): Monika Hanková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The analysis looks into the shift in the Czechoslovak government's attitude towards the Jewish community post-1948, particularly focusing on emigration to Israel. Initially, the government supported Jewish emigration, reflecting a friendly relationship with Israel and the Soviet Union's geopolitical stance. However, after the communist takeover, the policy became more restrictive, influenced by rising antisemitism and political changes. The emigration process involved cooperation with international organizations like UNRRA and AJDC, and many Jews emigrated to countries in Latin America and Israel. The document highlights the challenges faced by Jewish emigrants, including bureaucratic obstacles, financial exploitation, and the impact of political shifts on emigration policies. It also discusses the role of Zionist youth movements and the involvement of various government ministries in facilitating or hindering emigration. The document underscores the complex interplay between domestic and international factors in shaping Czechoslovakia's emigration policy towards Jews.

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Historie židovské komunity v Nýrsku a okolí - dosavadní průzkum

Author(s): Lenka Sýkorová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This study investigates the history of the Jewish community in Nýrsko and its surroundings, detailing their settlement and contributions from the medieval period to the 20th century. It highlights the establishment of the Jewish ghetto, the construction and reconstruction of the synagogue, and the various professions held by Jewish residents, including traders, butchers, and teachers. The text also discusses the impact of significant events such as the fires of 1798 and 1861, which destroyed parts of the ghetto, and the economic development brought about by Jewish entrepreneurs in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The document further examines the challenges faced by the Jewish community, including high taxes, restrictive regulations, and periods of persecution. It also covers the contributions of notable individuals like Wilhelm Eckstein and Max Reiser, and the efforts to preserve Jewish heritage in the region through research and museum exhibitions. The study concludes with a reflection on the ongoing interest in the history of Nýrsko's Jewish community and the importance of preserving their legacy.

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