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Дейността на македонската парламентарна група в XXII и XXIII обикновено народно събрание (1927-1934 г.)

Author(s): Dimitar Tyulekov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2001

The present study is centered around a topic that has not been researched,analyzed and evaluated on its own. The continuing forgeries and unscientific interpretations in the Republic ofMacedonia about the status and work of the Macedonian parliamentary group havealso provoked the author’s interest.

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Sarea în preistoria României

Author(s): Dan Monah / Language(s): Romanian,French Issue: 1/2007

La Roumanie dispose d’immenses ressources de sel pouvant être exploitées dans les conditions technologiques préhistoriques: affleurements des zones salifères des Carpates, eau salée des sources et des lacs salés de l’intérieur du pays ou du littoral de la Mer Noire. Les recherches sur l’exploitation du sel pendant la Préhistoire ont une certaine tradition en Roumanie, et ces dernières années elles ont pris un nouvel essor grâce à la collaboration avec les chercheurs français et anglais. L’auteur présente un bilan sur les plus importantes découvertes du Néolithique ancien, Chalcolithique et le l’Âge du bronze et corrige quelques informations erronées. La plus intéressante découverte est, sans aucun doute, le site de Lunca-Poiana Slatinii où l’on a identifié les plus anciennes traces d’exploitation du sel en Europe et, peut-être, dans le monde. L’auteur discute également quelques questions controversées liées à l’exploitation de la source salée de Solca-Slatina Mare pendant le Néolithique ancien, l’utilisation des méthodes archaïques de cristallisation du sel de la saumure des sources salées, le moment de l’apparition des briquetages pendant le Chalcolithique qu’il relie à l’apparition des sociétés complexes. L’exploitation des sources salées continue également à l’Âge de bronze mais les briquetages sont abandonnés, la fabrication et la circulation des pains de sel cesse sur le territoire de la Roumanie avec la fin des sociétés complexes chalcolithiques. A la fin l’auteur signale la nécessité de l’investigation des zones avec des affleurements de sel gemme, des lacs salés, surtout de ceux du littoral de la Mer Noire.

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Турското крило на Независимото дружество за защита правата на човека (НДЗПЧ)

Author(s): Zeynep Zafer / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The paper relates in first person about the motivation, participants, organizing and enlarging the Turkish resistance movement against the assimilation actions of the Bulgarian communist regime from the 1980s. From the inside point of view are narrated the processes of the resistance of the Turks and Muslims against the attempts to change their names and violent Bulgarisation. In details are followed the actions concerning the voicing of the repressions of the regime against the Muslims, starving strikes as symbols of resistance, the participation of Turks in the Independent Society of Human Rights Protection and the establishment of „Turkish section“ to it.The paper relates about the role of the radio for the „voiceless“ minorities suffering from the repressions of the totalitarian regime. The importance of the Western radio stations as the only hope for penetration of news about the dissident movement in the socialist countries in the 1970s – 1980s has been outlined. The radio stations played also the role of coordinating centre for the resistance of the Turks and Muslims in Bulgaria during 1985-1989.

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Budapest és Nyugat-Berlin: lakások, nyilvános terek, szubkulturális közösségek. Soskuti Tibor 1980-as és 1990-es évekbeli fényképeiről

Author(s): Zsolt Szijártó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 88/2022

The publication is the first – pilot – chapter of a planned longer work designed to map, collect and archive the cultural heritage, special knowledge of Hungarians living in Berlin, as well as their impact on the urban environment (society, culture, everyday life). The “subject” and the protagonist of the study is the artist Tibor Soskuti (Soso), an important participant and perpetuator of the Budapest underground scene of the 1980s. Following his active involvement in the underground culture of Budapest between 1978 and 1983, and later becoming a chronicler of its main actors, Soskuti “defected” in 1986 and settled in West Berlin, where he has lived to date. The analysis of his life story and art sheds light on a special period, the relatively early days of metropolitan migration, immediately before the fall of communism. The study provides insight into a specific group of the Hungarian diaspora in Berlin defined by both their generation and their art, and, at micro-level, offers answers to more general questions of migration research: what did it mean for a young person from behind the Iron Curtain to arrive in a large Western European city in the mid-1980s and start a new life there? In a somewhat unconventional way, the study seeks answers to these questions through an analysis of photographs taken by Soskuti in Budapest and his new life in West Berlin. How can we use photographic documents to reconstruct the circumstances and experience of living in the diaspora in a specific period, generation, socio-cultural milieu? What do they tell us about his relationship with two kinds of urban space and socio-political micro-environment in Budapest and West Berlin? To what extent can different experiences, patterns of the use of space and visual representations be observed in Soskuti’s photographs taken as a participant in a closed subculture in Budapest and as a member of a minority ethnic group in West Berlin? Are these two group identities separable?

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Forgalmazás, kereskedelem, bizalmatlanság. A hadseregellátásról

Author(s): Károly Halmos,Máté Tamás / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 89/2022

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the provisions for the imperial and royal army consumed a large part of the Habsburg Monarchy’s treasury expenditure, making army supply one of the most important public procurement procedures of the time. In this article, this complex system, which, in the words of O. Williamson, operated on the borderline between market and hierarchy, is presented through the memoirs of Ignác Vörös de Farad (1757–1825). The author of this ego-document was a commissioner during the war between the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire in 1788–1791, and as such was involved in the management of the supply system. Through textual analysis, the system and its stakeholders in a period of military conflict are made visible and interpretable, using methods of new institutional economics and new economic criticism. The paper is based on the forthcoming publication by the authors, entitled A katona, a kereskedő, a tisztviselő és az egér: Hadseregellátás és mikrotörténet: a regénytől az aktáig (The Soldier, the Merchant, the Clerk, and the Mouse: Military Supply and Microhistory from Novels to Archives.).

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Gál János fiumei gyarmatáru-kereskedő portréja és fiumei vállalkozásának rövid története

Author(s): Adam Tibor Balogh,Róbert Török / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 89/2022

The portrait and business of János Gál of Olasztelek (1865–1944), a Fiume merchant of colonial goods, reveal hitherto unexplored phenomena in the history of commerce: how a Székely nobleman could become a proficient merchant at the end of the nineteenth century and how one can gain insight into the brief history of a successful Hungarian enterprise in the Port of Fiume. The figure of János Gál can be reconstructed from fragmented historical and museological sources from the decades before and after the turn of the nineteenth century. The economic and industrial development of the port city of Fiume prompted Gál to move from Székelyföld to the Hungarian-Croatian seaside where he started his own business under the name Első Magyar Kávé Beviteli Üzlet (First Hungarian Coffee Import Business). János Gál became an active member of local Hungarian community life, for example, he became the president of the Fiumei Magyar Kör (Hungarian Association of Fiume). Ten years into his career, he was awarded the title of purveyor to the imperial and royal courts. He was a supplier to the Austro-Hungarian Navy and the Royal Hungarian Gendarmerie. His professional history provides a glimpse into the business and social difficulties caused by the First World War and the subsequent Trianon Peace Treaty. Due to the unsettled conditions of Fiume and the termination of Hungarian state subsidies, several trading companies left the city, and in the end, János Gál also did the same: he moved to Budapest in the 1920s.

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THE EPISTOLARY WRITER IOAN CARAGIANI

Author(s): Mirela Averikios / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2024

Ioan Caragiani has maintained over the years, with a real and sincere involvement, a rich correspondence with important people of his time or with his friends, on topics of great interest to him, literary, political and religious, which he sometimes treats repetitively, with many details. He was also concerned to present in his letters, details of the history of the Aromanians, their deeds of arms during the Greek revolution of 1821, and their desire to free themselves from the oppressive tutelage of the Constantinople Patriarchate, which forbade the use of the Romanian language in churches and schools. In his letters on personal matters, he is frank and equally frank in seeking advice from his addressees.

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RELEGATING OVIDIUS TO TOMIS - AN ACT OF CLEMENCY OR A LEGAL ANOMALY?

Author(s): Mirela Averikios / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2024

At the end of October 8 AD, on the basis of an edict issued by Octavianus Augustus himself, Publius Ovidius Naso was sentenced to relegation and forced to leave Rome as soon as possible to embark for his relegation destination, the fortress of Tomis in Scythia Minor, on the western shore of the Euxine Pontus. Ovidius was not allowed to appear in court to defend himself in a public trial and was not told the reason for his banishment. The poet seems, however, to recognize the legality of Augustus's procedure, believing that the direct intervention of the emperor, in the absence of a decision by the senate or an elected judge, was not a legal anomaly but a sign of clemency. The jurist Ulpianus states that, in the absence of the possibility of defending himself in court, a relegatus was allowed to compose a defensive memorial and send it to the emperor in Rome, which Ovidius would do, composing Tristia II, and which can be considered, on the basis of its structure and content, a true defensive memorial. Unfortunately, Ovidius did not fulfill this wish during his lifetime and all the rhetorical props used in Tristia II were in vain.

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IDENTITY AND CULTURE OF THE MINORITIES IN BANATUL ROMÂNESC REGION, ESPECIALLY THE GERMAN MINORITY

Author(s): Kalinca-Andreea Velcsov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2024

The Banat area has a valuable culture and cultural activity due to the connection of different ethnic groups, which have marked their identity through what they offer: their own culture, language or dialect, customs, traditions, skills, crafts, knowledge, authenticity. Researching the culture of the minorities in the Banat region first involves gathering as much information as possible about them, from the conjuncture in which they settled in the region, how they settled, how they developed and how they adapted and all areas in which the existing personalities excel, how their activity and existence is reflected through the documents of the libraries in particular.

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ЗА ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВАТА ПРЕД ИЗСЛЕДОВАТЕЛИТЕ НА ОСМАНОТУРСКИ ТЕКСТОВЕ

Author(s): Miyryam Salim,Gyulten Ahmed / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The Ottoman archives are a priceless treasury of documents. Written sources in the Ottoman Turkish language represent the largest share of documentation devoted to the history, language, and culture of our past. In the Ottoman Empire, the official language is Turkish. The script is Arabic, which the Turks adopted along with the Islamic religion from the Arabs. The documents that appeared as a result of the activities of the Ottoman institutions and establishments, as well as the various manuscripts and epigraphic inscriptions of that time, were written in Arabic script. The study of Ottoman Turkish written sources is a complex process and requires well-trained specialists. This article presents the features that researchers should consider when reading and analyzing Ottoman Turkish texts.

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Silviu Dragomir: Historian of the Romanian 1848

Author(s): Paul E. Michelson / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The aim of the study is to provide an overview of Silviu Dragomir’s life and scholarly work, from his early studies in Blaj (Blasendorf, Balázsfalva) and Novi Sad to his university education in Cernăuți (Chernivtsi, Czernowiz) and Vienna, continuing with the major moments in his scholarly activity, with a special focus on the persecutions suffered under the communist regime. This is followed by a brief introduction to his writings dealing with Avram Iancu and the Revolution of 1848–1849.

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Kandydaci Platformy Obywatelskiej RP oraz Prawa i Sprawiedliwości na prezydentów miast w Kaliszu i Koninie. „Lokomotywy wyborcze” czy beneficjenci partyjnego szyldu?

Author(s): Andrzej Stelmach,Piotr Chrobak / Language(s): Polish Issue: XI/2024

The article discusses candidates running for city mayors in the 2002-2018 elections in the eastern part of Greater Poland. It analyses which of the candidates can be referred to as “electoral locomotives” in the local elections and which of them owe their results to their electoral committee or party. The analysis focuses on the two largest and most popular parties in the country: Civic Platform and Law and Justice. The narrative is based on the comparative analysis method.The article attempts to answer the following questions: Was major support among voters won by individual candidates or candidates representing a specific committee? How many of these candidates were elected? Did mayoral candidates also run for city council? Were they successful? How many votes did they win and what was the vote breakdown by candidate lists? The answers enabled to determine whether candidatures put forward by the Civic Platform and Law and Justice proved to be in the parties’ favour.

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Suveranii României Mari și dragostea pentru animale

Author(s): Ștefania Dinu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 45/2024

The Royal Family of Romania, much like the European royal families it branched out of, was always surrounded by pets of noble breeds, in particular dogs and horses. In the good old English royal tradition, Princess Marie and her sisters were taught horse riding from an early age, thus the presence of horses was a constant in their lives, this becoming a veritable passion as far as the Queen of Romania was concerned.After marrying the heir to the Romanian throne, Prince Ferdinand, on January 10th, 1893, Princess Marie settled down in Romania, but continued to be passionate about riding and was always accompanied by her favourite horses when she travelled between her own residences, or when taking trips around the country and abroad. The pages of Queen Marie’s famed diaries offer numerous descriptions of riding experiences, either alone, or accompanied by her children, Barbu Știrbey and other guests of the Palace. Queen Marie’s favourite horse was Grui-Sânger, a thoroughbred stallion, which was given to her in 1908 by the conservative politician Alexandru Marghiloman, who owned one of the largest stud houses in the country. Other horses mentioned by Queen Marie in her diaries were: Ardeal, Coconaș, Jumbo, Benjema, Kiralif, Austral, Virtus, Glandevon, Gwalia, Scapa Flow, Patriot, Berohan and so forth. All of these horses accompanied her throughout her life, being loyal friends with which she shared fond memories.In addition to her horses, Queen Marie and the other members of her family enjoyed the company of noble-breed dogs that brightened their everyday lives, and accompanied them during their travels. Queen Marie had a number of Borzoi dogs (Astra, Igor), as well as Cocker Spaniels. King Ferdinand was an erudite who spent most of his free time in the Cotroceni Palace library, surrounded by books, his herbariums, and two black cockers. Queen Marie often talks of her cockers as well: her dog Dana, Rock—which fell victim to a car accident, followed by Crag. The royal children were, much like their parents, animal lovers, each of them having their own pets. For example, Princess Elisabeth had a cocker spaniel called Dushka, while her sister Princess Mignon had a puppy of the same breed named Doodles.The loyal pets of the King and Queen of Greater Romania were important characters in their lives, often being photographed with their owners, printed on postcards, or being written about in letters and diaries.

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Vite: reguli și pedepse în gospodărie. Studiu de caz

Author(s): Andrei Flavius Petruț / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 45/2024

The study deals with two villages, Obârșa (Hunedoara county) and Târnăvișa (Arad county), where we conducted several interviews related to animal husbandry among peasants aged between 53 and 67 years old. These are experienced peasants whose households have a relevant number of cattle.The small universe of the peasant household has one of the most well-established systems of domestic cohabitation. The presence of a large number of animals is a sign of well-being only if the peasant is familiar with certain practices in dealing with animals. Some animals are kept for food, others for guarding. Cows and pigs are the most prized by the peasants, as they require a great deal of effort and physical investment to keep.In the peasants’ vision, daily balance and well-being can only be maintained in the household if certain rules of behavior towards the animals are respected, many of which are traditional. Caring for the welfare of farm animals is a requirement of good management, as opposed to negligence of any kind. In relation to animals, contemporary peasant practices show a perpetuation of disciplinary punishments. Nowadays, the peasant is still an expert in living with animals and is familiar with their behavior and, in general, tames them by gentle means.

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Bulgarian Political Action during the Crimean War (1853–1856)

Author(s): Bartłomiej Rusin / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2024

The article discusses the issue of the political activity of Bulgarians during the Crimean War, which was a breakthrough moment in the national liberation movement in the era of the National Revival (1762–1878). During this conflict, the Bulgarians exercised the widest efforts for liberation so far, which was manifested by the functioning of as many as three emigration centres. The first one, represented by Georgi Rakovski, focused on the preparations for the uprising and disappeared quite quickly. After that, the priority in conducting political action was taken over by the Bulgarian émigré elites on the Romanian lands and in Russia, which in the first period of the war (1853–1854) developed a far-reaching activity, promoting the Bulgarian issue and organising recruitment to volunteer troops. The political action of the Bulgarians was not effective but the political concepts they established were used and developed in the forthcoming years.

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East and West Influences in Yugoslav Culture in the Period from 1945 to 1952

Author(s): Dragica Popovska / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2024

The paper deals with the influences from the East and the West on culture, in the space of post-war Yugoslavia, from 1945 to 1952. Considering the position of Yugoslavia in a divided Europe, the paper examines the developments in culture that were inevitably intertwined with the sphere of politics. This period is marked by two major events: 1945 – the time of the country’s liberation and 1948 – the conflict surrounding the clash with the Information Bureau. These political events determined the direction in which the Yugoslav culture moved, situated within the framework of the Cold War, that is, in the constellations of power in Europe. In the fifties of the last century, in addition to “realism”, pro-Western“ modernism” began. In other words, Yugoslav culture was influenced by the East and the West. In this context, culture functioned as a marker of ideological distinctions between the two different ideological systems, which were constituted in opposition. The analysis of the available data makes it possible to trace the internal and external circumstances in which the state existed, which influenced the strategies of canonization and restriction of values in the field of culture in socialist Yugoslavia.

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Grad Senj i Kr. sveučilište Franje Josipa I. u Zagrebu: 1874. – 1899.

Author(s): Tatijana Petrić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2024

The subject of this article is the elucidation of the relationship between the town of Senj and the University of Zagreb and the influence of famous people who worked and acted in the town of Senj as well as at the University of Zagreb from the opening of the modern university in 1874 to 1899. The research in the paper is based on unpublished archival material kept in the Archives of the University of Zagreb and on digital platforms where works from the mentioned period can be found. The archive material covers the first 25 years of the University’s activities, which will show the cooperation between the University of Zagreb and the town of Senj and the influence of the intellectual circle of the town of Senj on the establishment and development of the University of Zagreb and their relations. In the paper, through several chapters, we will show the influence of the Senj Shipping Company, i.e. the shares of the said company in the financing and establishment of the Foundation for Poor Students at the Royal University of Franz Joseph I. in Zagreb, then a chapter on the importance of the first preacher of the Royal University of Franz Joseph I. in Zagreb Stjepan Sabljak, as well as a chapter on Juraj Posilović, the first dean of the Faculty of Theology and bishop of Senj-Modruš.

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Участието на Българската армия в освобождаването на Скопие през 1944 г.

Author(s): Nikolay Koychev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article examines the participation of the Bulgarian Army in the final stage of the Second World War and, in particular, its role in the liberation of Skopje. The occasion for its writing is both the 80th anniversary of this event and the desire to make a more objective and fair assessment of the contribution of the Bulgarian Army in the defeat of the Third Reich. Various archival documents – Bulgarian, German and Yugoslav – were used for the purpose of the research, as well as information from third parties – publications in the press, reports and others.

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Банско в писмовното наследство на Неофит Рилски

Author(s): Ani Durchova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The article presents the 1930’s painting cycle of works by Aleksandăr Bozhinov (1878 – 1968) entitled “Macedonia in Caricatures”, whose publication was supported by the Macedonian Charitable Brotherhoods and the Macedonian Cooperative Bank in Bulgaria. In his works, the notable Bulgarian painter sharply criticized the unjust Versailles order, the inability of the League of Nations to protect the rights of minorities, the repressive and assimilationist policy of the Kingdom of Greece and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia) towards the Macedonian Bulgarians.The movement for new Bulgarian education and culture was at the basis of the national revival and among the essential goals that determined its development is the pursuit of secular education in the native language. Its practical implementation was due to a number of educational figures, among whom the personality of Neofit Rilski (1793 – 1881) played a primary role. The analysis of his spiritual, pedagogical, literary and social activity proves his contribution to the national revival of the Bulgarians. Of the preserved archival material, consisting of memories, his personal works, translations, patriotic speeches, notes, etc., his rich correspondence is also of interest.

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Достоверност и възможности за използване на фолклорния епос като исторически извор

Author(s): Ivan Parvanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The paper examines the potential of the folklore epic as a source of historical knowledge. The main problems, challenges, and difficulties faced by the researcher working with the samples of this type of oral literature are presented. The main task is to establish the degree of historical credibility of the themes and plots presented in the song through examples from the historical, heroic, and hajdut [rebel] songs. On the basis of the mentioned examples, at the end of the study, an attempt was made to summarise the factors determining the degree of historical credibility of the works from the folklore epic compared to written sources and documents. The opinion expressed is that folklore works can be used as a historical source, presenting their positive and negative sides.

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