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Eдин все по-диференциран Европейски съюз

Author(s): Ingrid Shikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Differentiated integration is not a new phenomenon in European integration. It is a process in which countries choose to move at different speeds and/or to different objectives for the common policies of the European Union. This process involves the adoption of various formal and informal arrangements within the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, treaties for the accession of new countries to the Union or beyond.

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Несигурната, но препотвърдена европейска интеграция

Author(s): Vladimir Shopov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Thinking of the EU as trapped in a relentless series of crises is no longer standard approach, but it turned out to be mental and public consensus. Crises are not just ‘the new normal’ for the Union, but its basis is already presumed to be disintegration dynamics that is almost symmetrical to the integration inertia of the latter decades.

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Предизвикателството Brexit пред ЕС и Великобритания: кой печели и кой губи?

Author(s): Monika Moraliyska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper presents the significance of Brexit as an event which might lead to tensions negotiations, evaluation of the future EU-UK relations, uncertainties with the trade flows between the bloc and the UK. Author concludes that the referendum on the British membership in the EU is a part of a wider process of problematic relations between the two sides.

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Equity and Inequities on the Labour Market in the European Union

Author(s): Andreea-Mihaela NITA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Preparing the adherence of Romania and Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007 began more than ten years before, by starting legislative harmonisation in each negotiation chapter which focused on the free movement of goods, people, services and capital. The mobility of people in terms of employment was done with multiple amendments, from the efforts of recognition to temporary restrictions on the easy acquisition of the work permit.

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European Foreign Affairs Between States’ Sovereignty and Union’s Common Policy

Author(s): Alexandra Porumbescu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Starting with the adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009, the European Union has designed new institutions in charge with representing all the member states in matters of international relations with third parties. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the national foreign affairs strategies of the member states, as elements of state sovereignty, and the existence and implementation of the common security policy, as an expression of the union of states.

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Европа накъде?

Author(s): Ivan Nachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

„Europe is facing changes. Thus, when I started writing this text, I chose to put a question mark in the title. It happens to me more and more often to explain the European Union and what is happening or not happening in it through the prism of the multiple question marks. “

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Trade and Economic Cooperation Between China and Central and Eastern European Countries Under the Belt and Road Initiative

Author(s): Jian ZHANG / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since 2012, China and 16 Central and Eastern European countries have signed a series of agreements on how to promote the cooperation between them. It includes ‘12 measures for promoting friendly cooperation in 2012’, ‘Bucharest outline in 2013’, ‘Belgrade outline in 2014’ and ‘Medium-¬term project for both sides in 2015’. These agreements represent both sides’ will and determination to promote the cooperation between the parties. In these agreements trade and economic cooperation is one of the most important parts. As China’s Belt and Road initiative is coming to the next level, it provides a great opportunity to speed up the development of trade and economic cooperation between both sides. It is significant to grab this opportunity and enhance the trade and economic cooperation between both sides, reaching to a win¬-win situation.

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Културата, културите и европейската интеграция

Author(s): Penka Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The topic of this report is culture and cultures in the dual aspect of the rationalization of cultures as well as the different regional, respectively national crops as well as the types of crops that need to be distinguished in the process of European integration, as well as in a globalization aspect.

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Разширяване на Европейския съюз – мисия възможна?

Author(s): Gergana Radoykova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The author reviews the enlargement perspectives of the EU highlighting the significant transformation from a ‘continent of wars’ to a ‘continent of peace’. The European perspective is challenged in the recent years but the enlargement policy is the strongest tool the EU could use to exercise its influence and stimulate the democratic development among its neighbours. The article outlines Turkey and the Western Balkans as two potential geostrategic directions for enlargement.

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Enlargement of the European Union and the Western Balkans

Author(s): Avni Mazreku / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The fall of the communistic regimes in Eastern Europe that began in Poland in 1989 and continued in Hungary, East Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Romania created a prospect of changes for the countries that experienced communist regimes for more than forty years. The success of those changes that can be qualified as democratic revolution also encouraged the constitutive federation units of the Former Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia, populated by non-¬Serbs, to break away from the Serbian¬-dominated, communist-oriented central government. Serious fighting broke out in the summer of 1991, as the northern republics of Slovenia and Croatia declared their independence, followed by Bosnia and Herzegovina. While the local Serbs were directly supported by the federal army, controlled and commanded by the Serbian Republic, they pretended to prevent separation from the federation of both republics (Slovenia and Croatia) ‘justifying’ its action by reference to ‘the need for protection’ of the Serbian population in the above mentioned federal units. The brutality of the war had not been experienced on the territory of Europe since World War II as it happened especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Разширяването на Европейския съюз към Западните Балкани през погледна на България

Author(s): Adriana Ivanova,Antonia Dobreva,Denitsa Dimitrova,Maria Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The objective of this report is to analyse the Bulgarian relation with the countries of the Western Balkans in the context of their prospective accession to the European Union. The analysis will focus particularly on Republic of North Macedonia due to its proximity and the significance of the Bulgarian opinion for the enlargement process in the Western Balkans. Authors divided the report on four parts placing the accent on the Bulgarian position on the subject matter.

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Има ли достатъчно разширяване в политиката за разширяване на Европейския съюз?

Author(s): Vili Paskova,Ivelina Ralcheva,Maria Gulyashka,Maria Shopova,Mihaela Tanchovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Europe has experienced series of various crises over the past few years. The European Union (EU) is facing an economic and financial crisis, a refugee crisis and crisis of growing Eurosceptic sentiments. Crises are inseparably connected and demand for proactive decisions and actions from the political leaders. Some of the political parties and their leaders offer the opportunity of leaving the EU as a solution to these problems. Disintegration processes and sentiments for policy diversification are observed in a few member states. The opt-out clauses and the resistance by some countries from deepening the integration and establishing new policy areas in which the EU has exclusive competence is becoming increasingly popular. Several questions arise whether to strengthen or slow down the integration processes. Is it possible to expand and to consolidate simultaneously?

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Contradictory Assessments and Interpretations to the Ongoing Discussion on Flexible Integration in Romania

Author(s): Georgiana Ciceo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The discussion on flexible/differentiated integration is far from novel being able at times to surge up on the European Union agenda. During the past few years the economic crisis, the migrant crisis and more recently the BREXIT have brought to the fore a number of cleavages that now threaten the unity of Europe. It became more than evident that a thorough discussion on the future of Europe is now more than ever required. Ever since an obvious preference for flexible integration has marked the discussions. Against this background the Member States of the European Union have attempted to position themselves in order to either avoid being relegated to a second class statute or dismiss the possibility that without deeper political and economic integration European Union might fall apart. As the whole discussion on a future more flexible Europe has revolved around a deeper Eurozone integration, the countries outside this core have found themselves faced with a number of challenges that need to be addressed. The present article attempts to shed light on the particular situation of those Central European states which are not part of the Eurozone with a particular emphasis on Romania, who is seemingly still not ready for this, but willing to support deeper integration.

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Elitist and Participatory Democracy: Towards a New EU Citizen

Author(s): Miruna Andreea Balosin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Can we provide a valid EU model of governance that combines the characteristics of the elitist and participatory democracy? Is it possible to accept the civil and political elites as educators and propagators of the EU participatory democracy and obtain as end-result an accountable and responsible model of an EU citizen?

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Началото на фактическата дезинтеграция в ЕС: казусът „Брексит“

Author(s): Svetla Boneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of this research is to present the disintegration processes taking place in the European Union (EU), to clarify the prerequisites for them and the process of a member state (the UK) leaving the EU. The research methods utilized in the analysis include induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, historical-logical analysis, tabular and graphical presentation of the available empirical material. The most important results of the study are an analysis of the main theoretical developments on the topic and empirical data, which lead to the conclusion that the further development of the European integration process is threatened by the processes of weakening non-functionalism and increasing intergovernmental approach which in turn is a main cause for disintegration in the EU.

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The European Union Has a Future

Author(s): Zlat Milovanovic / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Addressing the Chatham House Conference in London on January 30th, Guy Verhofstadt said it was Europe’s “last chance to form a more perfect union”. He called for giving the EU more powers so that it could tackle its crises. Europe should be rebuilt along the lines of a confederation or a federation based on the US model. It may have not been the last chance, but the EU needs reforms. The threats to the EU are real and should be dealt with. The EU can be reorganized as a state because it already performs so many functions of a state. Should it become a federation or a confederation? Should it be based on the US model? These questions require major research and rethinking. This paper addresses several issues: the EU power and its geo-strategic position, constitutional development and other reforms currently taking place, some federalist theories behind European integration, and the EU’s future. Our research here is mainly in the realm of legal and political study. Our conclusion is that the EU has a future as a well-established and indispensable part of today’s world.

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Polity Modelling. Political Culture Based Modelling of the Eastern European Polities

Author(s): Camelia Florela Voinea / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper addresses the area of political methodology and presents an approach on polity modelling. Polity modelling is analyzed from both historical and paradigmatic perspective by emphasizing the differences between classic (empirical) approaches and complexity-based approaches. The contribution of the paper consists in the modelling method: it combines democracy modelling with political culture modelling into a unified simulation framework. The modelling approach is focused on the Eastern European polities which have combined after the fall of the iron curtain in 1989 democracy-building with state-building processes. The paper presents a class of simulation models which explain operation of a polity as a complex adaptive system of interdependences between processes of democratization and political culture processes. The paper presents preliminary research results which combine agent-based system with complex adaptive system modelling.

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European Crisis: The Rise of Populism and Euroscepticism

Author(s): Hristina Runcheva-Tasev,Milena Apostolovska-Stepanovska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Eurosceptic and populist parties have shown strong tendencies to win power and set the political agenda for the last decades in several EU countries. The elections in some of those countries have shown that they didn’t achieve their goals, but they won significant number of votes that indicates that euroscepticism and populism are not dead. The paper presents an overview of the results of some Eurosceptic and populist movements at the national elections in several EU Member States and it searches for an answer to the questions whether populism and euroscepticism are a 21st century invention, what is the ideological background of the crisis of legitimacy in the EU, how do they relate to classical political ideologies, what is the response of the mainstream politicians to these threats. The theoretical debate, which includes an overview of some of the key authors, is enhanced by the author’s contribution of recommendations for the possible convincing alternatives which should be put forward to counter this phenomenon to preserve the European project.

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Дезинформационните войни – ключ към бъдещето на Европейския съюз

Author(s): Borislav Mavrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the present report is to outline the extent of the disinformation war between Russia and the EU (this does not mean, of course, that the centre of disinformation wars against the EU is, as a rule, always and only related with Moscow; such actions begin very often. from Islamist sites), its specific manifestations and the main "battlefields". This study provides a brief overview of the activities of the East StratCom Team, the Strategic Communications Task Force to the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the European External Action Service (EEAS), its effectiveness and recognizability. It also shows how the main suspected opponent in the face of Russia reacts on the other side of the "front" and outlines some possible directions for further counteraction not only on "Brussels" level but also on national level in the member states.

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Is Migration Europe’s Death Threat? Migration Policies Negatively Impact European Union’s Legitimacy

Author(s): Vihar Georgiev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The increasing trend of migration to the European Union (EU) Member States has given rise to asymmetric political and social effects produced by the presence of immigrants in the EU and the resulting wave of populist, extreme right-wing parties and movements. This paper studies the impact of the current migration crisis on the legitimacy of the EU and its institutions. The EU appears engulfed in a migration governance crisis. The paper argues that current approaches for moderating the migration crisis have undermined the legitimacy of the EU and its political institutions. New space is opening for opportunistic division based on ethnicity and/or nationality in the EU. The paper then proposes a new research agenda for interdisciplinary studies of European migration policies.

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