Działania Zbigniewa Brzezińskiego na rzecz Polski w czasie prezydentury Jimmy’ego Cartera w latach 1977–1981

Author(s): Remigiusz Wodziński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The purpose of the present thesis was to supply documentary evidence for the engagement of prof. Zbigniew Brzeziński in working for the benefit of Poland in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly in the period of time from 1977 till 1981 in which he was working in the White House as President Jimmy Carter’s National Security Advisor. This period was the crucial times of the history of Po-land. And the actions of prof. Zbigniew Brzeziński for the sake of Poland during the examined period of time have had very significant role in saving “Solidarity” union which consequently lead to victory in the year 1989.

Propaganda antyniemiecka i antysowiecka w prasie podziemnej SZP-ZWZ-AK (1939–1944)

Author(s): Anna Marcinkiewicz-Kaczmarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The military underground organization was established during defense of Poland in September 1939. Three years later that organization adopted final name – the Home Army. The Home Army was sabotaging German operations. The orders for the Home Army were sent from the Headquarters of the Polish Armed Forces in the West.The most important part of activity of the Home Army was anti-German i anti-Soviet propaganda. The Department of Information and Propaganda was established in the frame work of the Home Army. This institution was responsible for education activity among polish underground soldiers and published some propagandist articles in the underground papers.The underground papers were published across the country but the most copies arrived to War-saw and other major cities. During the period from 1939 to 1945, The Department of Information and Propaganda published more than 250 different underground papers.The way of conducting anti-German i anti-Soviet propaganda depended on the military and political situation. Their aim was shaping patriotic attitude to life and hate of the occupiers. What’s important that Polish people who were living in Warsaw sow all crimes were commited by Germans during the occupation. They hated Germans but often didn’t know about Soviet’s crimes. In generall, the anti-German propaganda was more effective in that territory as to campared with the anti-Soviet propaganda

Prawa człowieka w Australii ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kobiet

Author(s): Mieczysław Sprengel,Katarzyna Sprengel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Women’s rights and their political aspect are inextricably linked in multitudinous ways. The fact that there is no bill of rights entrenched in the Australian constitution makes it fairly difficult for women to address their issues and claim rights on the basis of constitutional rights. The policy impact created by the combination of visible women’s movement, receptive political parties and effective women’s policy agencies within government had largely dissipated by the mid-1990s. Federalism in Australia has created opportunities in regards to political activism for feminist movements. The advocates of women’s rights in Australia are known to have worked „within a multilevel political system”. The Women’s Electoral Lobby (WEL) was founded in 1972. WEL’s ambition was to take women’s interests to the government and making it receptive to their ideas in order to influence policies. A sign of gender equality demonstrates itself through women being able to support themselves financially and be independent, if they choose so. This political engagement by women is a necessity in order to introduce laws and pass legislation

Między pokojową koegzystencją a bratobójczymi walkami. Bośnia i Hercegowina jako egzemplifikacja społeczeństwa wielokulturowego

Author(s): Magdalena Rekść / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

Bosnia and Hercegovina due to its geographical position and complicated past history, forcing it into the reach of influence and rivalry among several civi-lizational circles, became the conglomeration of various nationalities and ethnic groups. The bloody conflict in the years 1992–1995 proved how little suffices to turn the previously peacefully co-existing nations against each other. Multicultural-ism, admired all over the world during the Winter Olympic Games in Sarajevo 1984, transpired to be the curse when nationalistic symbolic power holders came into prominence. The paper tries to analyze the ethnic alteration in Bosnia and Hercegovina across the history, focusing mainlyon such vital moments as: the arrival of Sephardic Jews, intensified colonization during Austro-Hungarian rule, Second World War, and finally – the process of constituting the new nation – Bosniaks

Grupy społecznie zagrożone a proces budowy społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w Polsce

Author(s): Małgorzata Kuś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2011

The well-known fact is the existence of differencesin the lives of individuals and social gro-ups in a free market economy. The pace of social changes requires the entity an obligation to per-manent follow the footsteps of knowledge-based economy. The scope and scale of this phenome-non are particularly acute in societies in which global processes are accompanied by the rapid so-cio-political-economic transformations related to the system transformation. They entail the need for profound changes in the sphere of social patterns of functioning. The main concept discussed in the article is marginalization. On the so-called the margin of society consists not only of the individuals and thepathological environments, derailed, parasitic, degraded, violating the law or rules of social intercourse. This concept also includes the exclusive-ness, the desire to maintain distance and the demarcation between what is common, neuter and what is clear, specific, unique and elite. The article discusses the different faces of marginalization as well as its multidimensional nature and attempts to identify its causes. The phenomenon of marginalization becomes an obstacle in building civil society, which is the basis for the proper functioning of society in ademocratic state. The article repeatedly stressed that the joint action for the common good build positive social relationships, which result in a strong sense of connection with the public entities, resulting in the formation of collective identi-ty. This in turn increases social solidarity, whichis reflected by the necessity and will including in the socio-economic-political life these individualsand groups who, for various reasons, found themselves outside the mainstream of social life. Sense of unity, community makes a strong society.

Z badań nad schyłkiem dominacji brytyjskiej w Królestwie Jordanii (1953–1955)

Author(s): Bartosz Wróblewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

This article shows process of decline British interference in Jordan and the analysis of reasons. The first well-known cause wasdevelopment of pan-Arabic movement, which the main demand was removement of European domination in this part of the world. At the beginning of HusseinI rule he had to consider anti- -British moods of his subjects. The second reason, not very often mention, was the conflict between Israel and Jordan. The UK was in alliance with Amman and had to defend Hashimte monarchy. This alliance withJordan became politically hazardous for British. The author based his articleon British sources tries to em-phasize those two issues

O niektórych aspektach walki z terroryzmem

Author(s): Barbara Kucharczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

Terrorism is a global effect, however its genesis and character are different when it comes to various parts of the world. This is due to the urge to kill, ag-gression and destructiveness which are part of the human society since the be-ginning of ages. War on terrorism became a priority in the XXI century. The war will be long and untypical. It is worth noting though that the most important aspect is fight-ing the cause not the outcome of the terrorism

System Obrony Przeciwrakietowej w amerykańskiej koncepcji bezpieczeństwa narodowego

Author(s): Agata Cutter / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

The defense of the United States is the concept of defense characterized by a many layers and many functions. Its history goes back years 50. of the twen- tieth century. The current shape was given by the presidential administrations in office after 1989. Present the appearance of a system of MD gave President G.W. Bush. Capacities defense strategy of deterrence is constantly decreasing. Increased the importance of defense. Traditional deterrence in a new interna-tional order (regional conflicts of ethnic and religious relations, and participation in international relations non-state actors) do notimplement the envisaged tasks. Low sensitivity of a strategy of deterrence of non-state actors transformed the concept of national security. The MD has become a complement to the strategy of deterrence. This allowed to active engagement ofthe United States in opera-tions that protect or widened the U.S. impact zone,without fear of revenge. With the construction of MD are arguments such as – the average and long-range tests of a ballistic missiles, carried out by a hostile country the United States (Iran and North Korea). On the other hand, doubts causes the greater activity and freedom of the United States in engaging in regional conflicts without the threat of revenge attacks.

Karol Marks i jego wizja społeczeństwa – „pedagogika strachu”

Author(s): Ireneusz, Marian Świtała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2011

The author presents a concept of social utopia, which contains a characteristic happy state model, that is not built on the base of ideal communist system, but opposition of capitalism. The word “Utopia” is the name of a fantastic island where the inhabitants leading an ideal life. However, any utopia has a negative impact and is capable of doing a lot of evil, which causes the “pedagogical and social fear”, what causes – in a particular case – of “real socialism”. Marxism repeatedly pointed out throughout the utopian concept and experience of the Bolshevik Revolution. Proved incorrect predictions of Marx. Real socialism has become an anti-utopia execution, denial of noble ideas of socialism. In the context of increasing social and international problems, it is difficult to expect a return of faith in the saving power of communist theory.

Marzena Sobol, Polityka pieniężna Narodowego Banku Polskiego w drodze do euro, CeDeWu Wydawnictwa Fachowe, Warszawa 2008, ss. 260

Author(s): Ireneusz Kraś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2011

Europejski pakt obronny – PESCO

Author(s): Andrzej Ciupiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Ten years ago the leaders of the EU Member States signed the Lisbon Treaty, which providesthe possibility of enhanced structural cooperation (PESCO) within the EU Common Securityand Defense Policy. Only on 22 June 2017 the European Council agreed to such cooperation by a group of willing countries. The earlier adoption of the European Global Strategy (28.06.2016) had a significant impact on this decision. In the light of this document, the EUwill pursue a more active security policy and will endeavor to strengthen the European defensesystem, inter alia by supporting and funding defense projects, and research and development ofmodern technologies. It was decided to create a European Defense Fund - EDF, in which about500 million euros could be used in the coming years.In order to make better use of the existing strategic potential, the Annual Defense Review(CARD) procedures were launched. However, in order to coordinate and improve command ofmilitary operations, the Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) was established.Among the EU Member States, France and Germany are the most active in promoting PESCObut have not yet submitted specific projects. Decisions on the composition of the states participatingin the structures of permanent structured cooperation will be made within the nextmonths.

Akademski glas sa margine o epohalnim dilemama koje sudbinski dijelimo

Author(s): Enes Pašalić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2021

The Centre for Culture and Education "Logos" in cooperation with the Institute for Religious and Social Research and the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Tuzla organized a scientific conference: "Religion, Politics, Secularism" on the 2nd and 3rd October 2020., with the participation of scientists from Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), Croatia and Serbia. The consideration of the historical connection between religion and politics, through the meaningful understanding of secularization, contextualizes on the margins of the modern era where one can read the meaning and significance of the historical destiny of B&H and its social, religious, confessional, national, and cultural subjects. From eleven contributions from this scientific conference, only one of them (Tadic, Sljivo 2020) explicitly, and three of them implicitly (Krivak 2020, Pešić 2020, Hodžić 2020) contextualize the subject of their studies in the narrow framework of the given theme: "Religion, Politics, Secularism". The other seven contributions, although theoretically and methodologically outside of the (self)referenced, consciousepochal relationship of religion, politics, and secularization, illuminate the aspects of the problems in the question in their own way, and sometimes from a quite unexpected angle

Recenzja książki Anny Barczak, Ochrona środowiska. Organizacja i kontrola (przed egzaminem), Wydawnictwo Wolters Kluwer, Warszawa 2023, ss. 220

Author(s): Paulina Jachimowicz-Jankowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2023

Sprawozdanie z IV Konkursu z Prawa Finansowego zorganizowanego przez Zespół Badawczy Prawa Finansowego oraz Koło Naukowe Prawa Finansowego FiskUS, Szczecin, 16 stycznia 2023 roku

Author(s): Dominika Trzeszczoń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2023

National Scientific Conference Report “Situation of disabled citizens in Poland and curent global situation from the perspective of various areas from socio-economic life”, Szczecin, 20–21 October 2022

Author(s): Karolina Słotwińska / Language(s): English Issue: 18/2023

Stopień realizacji zasady odpowiedniego vacatio legis w polskiej praktyce parlamentarnej w latach 2011–2021 – wybrane problemy

Author(s): Małgorzata Stefaniuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 41 (5)/2022

The study is to assess the degree of implementation of the principle of adequate vacatio legis in the Polish parliamentary practice in the period of 2011–2021. The issue discussed is very important and up-to-date, especially from the point of view of the basic functions to be performed by the legal institution of vacatio legis. The above-mentioned issue is particularly important in the case of laws, which differently from the existing regulations, shape the legal situations of many entities and in the light of the assertion of the importance of the principle of adequate vacatio legis for human rights. The aim of the study required analysing the normative situation regarding applicable options for the entry of legislation into force, and thus its vacatio legis, the case law of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal, the positions of legal scholars in the field, as well as the content of the provisions on entry into force included in the acts adopted in the 7th and 8th terms of office of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and several months of the 9th term. To the extent necessary to illustrate the statements put forward, the course of the legislative process itself has also been analysed, including parliamentary speeches and debates in parliamentary committees. The statistical data that had been collected, allowed the author to identify the most frequently used options of entry into force and thus to determine the periods of their vacatio legis. The above provided material to conclude that the degree of implementation of the principle of adequate vacatio legis in the Polish parliamentary practice during the period in question can hardly be considered sufficient, not only when there is no adjustment period at all or when the entry into force takes place on the day following the date of publication, but also when the law addressees are allowed a little more time (even more than the minimum period of 14 days). While there are some positive signs that the need for rational law-making is perceived, these are not strong enough to overcome the weaknesses of the parliamentary procedure, which make the degree of implementation of the principle of adequate vacatio legis not optimal. These include: insufficiently convincing and too vague justifications for the proposed dates of entry into force for draft laws; insufficient attention to the views of other entities with more knowledge of what periods are needed for the laws to enter into force; adopting too optimistic periods for the entry into force of laws with a calendar date, the late announcement of which results in a shortening of the assumed period of vacatio legis or even a retroactive effect; abuse of the possibility to make changes to the provisions of the act during the adjustment period and use the dates of vacatio legis for the accomplishment of ad hoc political objectives. The sensitivity to the need to perform the basic functions of the vacatio legis, which include learning about the new law and enabling adaptation to the new legal regulations, has also become weaker and weaker.

Hans Erich Troje, Humanizm i jurysprudencja

Author(s): Maciej Jońca / Language(s): Polish Issue: 41 (5)/2022

On June 9th, 2011, Professor Hans Erich Troje delivered his „golden lecture” (lectio aurea) at Albert Ludwig University in Freiburg im Breisgau. There, he summarized his scientific achievements and research. He looked at his own biography and research results through the prism of two concepts: humanism and jurisprudence. He spoke about the editing of legal sources and the role of the humanistic element in the process of legal education. Much attention has been paid to the figure of his scientific mentor Friztz Pringsheim.

Dezinformacja – definicja, zagrożenia, reakcja

Author(s): Agnieszka Bień-Kacała,Tomasz Kacała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 44 (3)/2023

The paper presents the definition and components of the Information Environment, its dimensions and occurring phenomena described as challenges and threats. Moreover, it includes characteristics of such terms: disinformation, misinformation and propaganda as constituting elements threatening democracy as well as mitigation measures that need to be taken in order to eliminate the negative consequences of the above-mentioned phenomena.

Пространства на затваряне и динамики на институционализация: семейната грижа за хора с увреждания в България

Author(s): Galina Goncharova,Ina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 59/2023

The main focus of the article are the families of children with disabilities in Bulgaria as spaces that generate and affirm institutional culture. We conceptualise them as situated in a complex of legacies and current conditions that are deeply disabling in their very essence. It is these elements that drive families of children with disabilities in Bulgaria to almost invariably take on basic institutional characteristics. We highlight the dynamics and interactions of the traumatic images of the legacy of state socialism, the actual barriers during the transition period, the coping strategies chosen by families and, ultimately, the grim effects with regard to the affirmation and implementation of the idea of independent living for people with disabilities in Bulgaria.

Geopolitical complexity of the Balkans and its cultural-civilizational contradictions

Author(s): Ljubiša M. Despotovic / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 4/2023

Milomir Stepić, Geopolitical Glossary of the Balkans, Belgrade: CATENA MUNDI, 2023, 536 pp.