Budapest: A great place for creative industry development?

Budimpešta, mesto kot nalašč za razvoj kreativne industrije?

Author(s): Zoltán Kovács,Tamás Egedy / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 2/2010

Keywords: kreativna gospodarstva; kreativne industrije in industrije; ki temeljijo na znanju; trdi in mehki lokacijski dejavniki; Budimpešta; Madžarska

V zadnjih desetletjih se dejavniki urbanega razvoja nenehno spreminjajo ter prilagajajo globalizacijskim procesom in smerem razvoja, povezanim z njimi. Danes so ustvarjalnost, znanje in inovativnost v splošnem priznani kot bistvene sestavine gospodarskega uspeha v naprednem kapitalističnem svetu. Tako se na kreativne industrije in industrije, ki temeljijo na znanju, vse bolj gleda kot na gospodarske dejavnosti, ki omogočajo doseganje mednarodne konkurenčnosti. Zaradi zapoznelega razvoja kreativnega gospodarstva zasedajo vzhodnoevropska mesta poseben položaj v mednarodni konkurenci metropolitanskih območij. Ob upoštevanju tega bi lahko trenutne smeri razvoja kreativnega gospodarstva, značilne za vzhodnoevropska metropolitanska območja, vplivale tudi na prihodnje gospodarske perspektive Evropske unije. V zvezi z novimi gospodarskimi smermi razvoja se članek osredotoča na zmogljivost in potenciale metropolitanskega območja Budimpešte, pri čemer se opira na statistične analize ter rezultate empiričnih anket in poglobljenih intervjujev s kreativnimi strokovnjaki.

Informal settlements in post-communist cities: Diversity factors and patterns

Neformalna naselja v postsocialističnih mestih – dejavniki raznolikosti in vzorci neformalnih naselij

Author(s): Sasha Tsenkova / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 2/2010

Keywords: postsocialistična mesta; neformalna naselja; mestna revščina; cenovno dostopna stanovanja; odzivi politike

V nekaterih postsocialističnih mestih je nastajanje neformalnih naselij pojav, povezan z valom urbanizacije v šestdesetih in sedemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja, v drugih pa s pritokom priseljencev in beguncev v devetdesetih letih. Območja neformalnih naselij nastajajo zaradi različnih dejavnikov: neustreznega prostorskega načrtovanja, zastarele in zapletene zakonodaje, ureditve javne uprave in stanovanjske politike, ki ne zagotavlja cenovno dostopnih stanovanj. Nezakonita gradnja na mestnih območjih, ki je pogosto posledica pomanjkanja jasno oblikovanega sistema lastninskih pravic in mestne revščine, je resen problem v mnogih mestih, kot so Tirana, Beograd, Tbilisi in Bukarešta. Članek predstavlja tipologijo neformalnih naselij v postsocialističnih mestih in obravnava ekonomske, socialne in okoljske probleme, povezane s tem pojavom. Različne vrste neformalnih naselij in njihov razvoj kažejo na zapletenost vprašanja in potrebo po oblikovanju raznolikih rešitev, ki bi upoštevale razmere danega okolja. Raziskava obravnava odzive politike povezane s tem, med njimi legalizacijo in vključevanje tovrstnih naselij v projekte urbanističnega načrtovanja, zagotavljanje osnovnih socialnovarstvenih storitev (na primer šole in zdravstveni domovi), izgradnjo tehnične infrastrukture (na primer varne ceste, omrežja javnega potniškega prometa, vodovod in kanalizacija) in programe preselitve v socialna stanovanja. Čeprav te rešitve spadajo v okvir različnih politik, je za njihovo učinkovito izvedbo potrebno veliko politične volje ter tudi finančna zavezanost osrednjih in lokalnih ustanov.

Informal settlements in post-communist cities: Diversity factors and patterns

Informal settlements in post-communist cities: Diversity factors and patterns

Author(s): Sasha Tsenkova / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2010

Keywords: post-communist cities; informal settlements; urban poverty; housing affordability; policy responses

In some post-communist cities, the formation of informal settlements is a phenomenon associated with the wave of urbanisation of the 1960s and 1970s. In others, the phenomenon is connected with the influx of immigrants and refugees in the 1990s. Informal settlement areas are the result of various factors: inadequate spatial planning, outdated and complex legislation, housing policies that do not ensure the provision of affordable housing and outdated public administration structures. Illegal construction practices in urban areas, often due to the lack of a clear system of property rights and urban poverty, have created significant challenges in many cities such as Tirana, Belgrade, Tbilisi and Bucharest. This paper presents a typology of informal settlements in post-communist cities and discusses the interrelated economic, social and environmental challenges associated with this phenomenon. Various types of informal settlements, as well as the evolution of those types, demonstrate the complexity of the problem as well as the need to develop contextually sensitive and diverse solutions. This study presents the emerging related policy responses, including legalisation and inclusion in formal urban planning, the provision of essential social services (e.g., schools and medical clinics), the construction of technical infrastructure (e.g., safe roads, public transit, water and sewage systems) and resettlement programmes as part of social housing. Although these solutions represent various aspects of the policy continuum, they also require significant political will and the financial commitment of central and local institutions to ensure effective implementation.

Budapest: A great place for creative industry development?

Budapest: A great place for creative industry development?

Author(s): Zoltán Kovács,Tamás Egedy / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2010

Keywords: creative economies; creative and knowledge-intensive industries; hard and soft location factors; Budapest; Hungary

The triggering factors of urban development have changed continuously over the past decades, always adapting themselves to the processes of globalisation and related trends. Nowadays creativity, knowledge and innovation are broadly recognised as the essential ingredients of economic success in the advanced capitalist world. Thus, creative and knowledge-intensive industries are increasingly seen as the most important economic activities for international competitiveness. In terms of metropolitan regions, eastern European cities have a special position because of their belated entrance into and development in the creative economy. The current trends taking place within the creative economies of metropolitan regions in eastern Europe could also influence the future economic perspectives of the European Union. Regarding the new economic development tendencies outlined above, this paper highlights the capacity and potentials of the Budapest Metropolitan Region based on statistical analyses and results of empirical surveys and in-depth interviews carried out among creative professionals.

The impact of hazardous waste on property values: The effect of lead pollution

The impact of hazardous waste on property values: The effect of lead pollution

Author(s): Chau-Sa Ho,Christophe Vincent De Parisot,Ermanno Affuso,Diane Hite / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2010

Keywords: hedonic analysis; environmental disamenities; externalities; urban economics

This paper examines the impact of lead pollution on property values in Anniston, Alabama, one of the most polluted cities in the US. A hedonic house price analysis enabled us to examine the extent of lead contamination’s effect on property values there, as well as property value losses due to the presence of an army depot. We estimated that lead cleanup would provide an increased property value of $1,140 per household and found that living 1 km closer to the polluting sites reduces property values by approximately 2%, a figure consistent with previous research regarding the connection between environmental disamenities and property values.

The external expectations of potential real estate buyers in Slovenia and Japan

Zunanja pričakovanja potencialnih pridobiteljev nepremičninskih pravic v Sloveniji in na Japonskem

Author(s): Alenka Temeljotov Salaj,Bojan Grum / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 2/2010

Keywords: pričakovanja kupcev; nepremičninske pravice; Slovenija; Japonska

V članku so prikazani delni rezultati raziskave, ki poteka v Sloveniji in na Japonskem in katere temeljni cilj je določitev dejavnikov, ki odločilno vplivajo na potencialne pridobitelje nepremičninskih pravic pri odločanju za nakup nepremičnine. V članku razpravljamo o vlogi zunanjih pričakovanj potencialnih pridobiteljev nepremičninskih pravic glede na njihovo različno kulturno pripadnost. Sledimo hipotezi, da so statistično pomembne razlike v zunanjih pričakovanjih potencialnih pridobiteljev nepremičninskih pravic glede na njihovo različno kulturno pripadnost. Osrednji pripomoček za merjenje pričakovanj udeležencev je vprašalnik, na katerega je odgovorilo 1.270 udeležencev. Rezultate smo statistično analizirali z uporabo enosmerne analize variance glede na različno kulturno pripadnost udeležencev. Z analizo rezultatov statističnih analiz smo potrdili hipotezo. Iz rezultatov je razvidno, da imajo slovenski udeleženci manjša pričakovanja glede zakonskih, davčnih in drugih regulativnih ukrepov države na stanovanjskem področju kot japonski udeleženci. Ob upoštevanju, da je glavni vzvod države na trgu nepremičnin prav zakonodaja, pričakovanja udeležencev naše raziskave kažejo, da bi bilo treba v Sloveniji prav na tem področju vzpostaviti večje zaupanje potrošnikov.

Housing provision in the Kathmandu Valley: Public agency and private sector initiation

Housing provision in the Kathmandu Valley: Public agency and private sector initiation

Author(s): Bijaya K. Shrestha / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2010

Keywords: housing deficits; Kathmandu Valley; rapid urbanisation; private sector; state interventions

The haphazard growth of settlements in the Kathmandu Valley is the result of rapid urbanisation, growing poverty, the high cost of land and construction, and dependence on the traditional practice of owner-built housing. This growth has resulted in huge housing deficits and poor home conditions. The government’s implementation of the site and services programme as well as land-pooling projects in the 1970s and 1980s benefitted local landowners, but private-sector developments in the 1990s and 2000s were only accessible to upper-middle and high-income groups. This has forced the urban poor and economically disadvantaged groups to live in slum and squatter developments. Planned development organisation has been weak in terms of physical layout, the creation of socialisation opportunities and a sense of community, and in achieving a desirable population density. The existing legal and institutional framework is inadequate and ineffective for addressing these issues. To fill the gap between the efforts of the public and private sectors and meet the high demands for housing in the valley, clear-cut policies and planning are required. This must be done in order to link housing supply with demand and to ensure the participation of various public and private-sector agencies in land-development and housing projects that will incorporate the urban poor. Local municipalities should also be equipped for managing local resources, coordinating the agencies involved and monitoring development.

Housing provision in the Kathmandu Valley: Public agency and private sector initiation

Preskrba s stanovanji v dolini Katmanduja: javne in zasebne pobude

Author(s): Bijaya K. Shrestha / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 2/2010

Keywords: stanovanjski primanjkljaji; dolina Katmanduja; hitra urbanizacija; zasebni sektor; državno posredovanje

Nenačrtna rast naselij v dolini Katmanduja je rezultat hitre urbanizacije, naraščajoče revščine, visokih stroškov zemljišč ter gradnje in odvisnosti od tradicionalne prakse lastniško zgrajenih stanovanj. Ta rast povzroča ogromen stanovanjski primanjkljaj in slabe bivalne razmere. Izvajanje vladnega programa za prostor in storitve (ang. site and services programme) in tudi projekti skupnega urejanja zemljišč (ang. land-pooling projects) v 70. in 80. letih prejšnjega stoletja so koristili lokalnim lastnikom zemljišč, vendar so bila naselja zasebnega sektorja v 90. letih in na prehodu tisočletja dostopna le srednjim in višjim dohodkovnim skupinam. To je prisililo revne mestne prebivalce in ekonomsko neprivilegirane skupine v življenje v slumih in ilegalnih naseljih (ang. squatter settlements). Načrtovana organizacija naselij ni bila ustrezna z vidika fizične postavitve, ustvarjanja priložnosti za socializacijo in občutka pripadnosti skupnosti ter pri načrtovanju zaželene gostote prebivalstva. Obstoječi pravni in institucionalni okvir ni ustrezen in ni učinkovit pri odpravljanju teh težav. Da bi zapolnili vrzel med prizadevanji javnega in zasebnega sektorja ter ugodili visokemu povpraševanju po stanovanjih v dolini, so potrebne jasne politike in načrtovanje. To je treba uvesti, da bi povezali ponudbo stanovanj s povpraševanjem ter zagotovili sodelovanje različnih organov javnega in zasebnega sektorja pri gradbenih in stanovanjskih projektih, ki bodo vključevali revno mestno prebivalstvo. Lokalne občine bi prav tako morale biti usposobljene za upravljanje z lokalnimi viri, usklajevanje sodelujočih organov in nadzorovanje razvoja.

Housing bubble burst or credit crunch effect? Slovenia’s housing market

Housing bubble burst or credit crunch effect? Slovenia’s housing market

Author(s): Richard Sendi / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2010

Keywords: global financial crisis; housing bubble; credit crunch; housing finance; housing supply and demand; housing market

As defined by the Investment Dictionary, housing bubbles usually start with an increase in demand in the face of limited supply, which takes a relatively long period of time to replenish and increase. At some point, however, demand decreases or stagnates at the same time supply increases, resulting in a sharp drop in prices known as a bubble burst. During the last two decades, the Slovenian housing market has been characterised by a very high housing demand under circumstances of a limited supply, which may primarily be attributed to the effects of the housing reforms introduced in the early 1990s. As is always the case in such situations, speculators seeking huge quick profits drove house prices to unsustainable levels relative to average incomes. Like in many countries throughout the world, the situation has recently changed. Statistical records show a slight decline in the growth of house prices and there are signs of stagnation in housing demand. These developments have prompted various (contrasting) viewpoints among housing experts. Some are convinced that the bubble has finally burst because house prices had reached the highest possible levels that buyers were willing to pay. On the other hand, others argue that house prices would have continued to grow had the credit crunch not occurred, which resulted in the reduced availability of mortgages and therefore depressed demand. These two viewpoints represent the main hypotheses of this discussion. This paper reviews the housing market circumstances over the last two decades and identifies facts that may substantiate or disprove these hypotheses.

The external expectations of potential real estate buyers in Slovenia and Japan

The external expectations of potential real estate buyers in Slovenia and Japan

Author(s): Alenka Temeljotov Salaj,Bojan Grum / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2010

Keywords: buyers’ expectations; real estate rights; Slovenia; Japan

This article presents partial results of a survey being conducted in Slovenia and Japan. It seeks to determine the factors that have a decisive influence over potential real estate buyers when deciding to purchase. The article focuses on the role of potential buyers’ external expectations in relation to their various cultural identities. We follow the hypothesis that these differences in external expectations are statistically significant. The primary instrument for measuring participants’ expectations was a survey in which 1,270 people participated. We statistically analysed the results by conducting a one-way analysis of variance related to the participants’ various cultural identities. By analysing the results of the statistical analyses, we confirmed the hypothesis. It is evident from the results that Slovenian participants had lower expectations in terms of Slovenia’s legal, taxation and other regulatory measures in housing compared to Japanese participants. Considering that legislation represents the Slovenian government’s primary influence over the real estate market, the expectations of the participants in our survey show that Slovenian buyers’ confidence should be increased in this area.

The impact of hazardous waste on property values: The effect of lead pollution

Vpliv nevarnih odpadkov na vrednost nepremičnin: posledice onesnaženja s svincem

Author(s): Chau-Sa Ho,Christophe Vincent De Parisot,Ermanno Affuso,Diane Hite / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 2/2010

Keywords: hedonska analiza; okoljske neprivlačnost; zunanji dejavniki; urbana ekonomija

Članek preučuje vpliv onesnaženja s svincem na vrednost nepremičnin v kraju Anniston, ki se nahaja v ameriški zvezni državi Alabami in velja za eno najbolj onesnaženih mest v ZDA. S pomočjo hedonske analize cen nepremičnin smo lahko preučili, v kolikšni meri onesnaženje s svincem vpliva na vrednost nepremičnin v Annistonu in koliko na padec vrednosti vpliva tamkajšnje vojaško skladišče. Ocenili smo, da bi čiščenje okolja, onesnaženega s svincem, povečalo vrednost nepremičnin za 1.140 USD na gospodinjstvo, ugotovili pa smo tudi, da z zmanjševanjem oddaljenosti od vira onesnaženja pada tudi vrednost nepremičnin, približno za 2 % na kilometer; ta številka se sklada s predhodnimi raziskavami povezav med okoljskimi neprivlačnostmi in vrednostjo nepremičnin.

Târgu Ocna and Caransebeş – Episodes of Rezistance against Communist Regime. The Case of Nicolae Itul

TÂRGU OCNA ŞI CARANSEBEŞ EPISOADE ALE REZISTENŢEI DEŢINUŢILOR ÎN FAŢA PRESIUNII REGIMULUI REPRESIV. APORTUL LUI NICOLAE ITUL

Author(s): Dragoş Ursu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: XIII/2013

Keywords: prison, memory, life story, resistance, communism

Based on personal experience of a Romanian Gulag survivor, Nicolae Itul, this study attempts to highlight the ways in which the prisoners had answered against oppression in nursing penitentiary and prison Târgu Ocna and Caransebeş. Nicholas Itul, considered "top of detainees" by the Securitate, had a significant role confronting oppressive forces. Giving to others physical and moral support, showing an anticommunist attitude are features that characterize both biographical speech and prison experience.

Historian and Rector Constantin Daicoviciu in Academic Memory of Cluj-Napoca

ISTORICUL ŞI RECTORUL CONSTANTIN DAICOVICIU ÎN PERCEPŢIA UNIVERSITARĂ CLUJEANĂ

Author(s): Ionuţ Ţene / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: XIII/2013

Keywords: collective memory, university, historians, communism

Constantin Daicoviciu was a well known historian and archeologist, professor, rector of „Babeş-Bolyai” (1959- 1968) University of Cluj-Napoca. He was member of Romanian Academy. Since 1973 he was perceived by contemporaries as a personality who tried to save the university heritage in a difficult intellectual heresy and destruction of Romanian cultural values, regardless of the compromises made to the communists. Many historians from Cluj are former students and disciples of Constantin Daicoviciu. They are valuable people because they had the opportunity to learn directly from the master.

St. Ana - Rohia Monastery during 1923-1989. History through Testimonies

MĂNĂSTIREA ,,SFÂNTA ANA” ROHIA ÎNTRE ANII 1923-1989 : O ISTORIE PRIN MĂRTURII

Author(s): Călin Emilian Cira / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: XIII/2013

Keywords: monachism, St. Ana - Rohia Monastery, communist regime, resistance against communism, Romanian Orthodox Church

St. Ana - Rohia Monastery from Lăpuş District (Maramureş) is one of the well known monasteries of Romania, as a place of culture and prays. The aim of this study is to reveal the history of the monastery (during 1923-1989) as it is remembered by Octavian Gherman (the son of the builder), archbishop Justinian Chira (the abbot of the monastery during 1944-1973), father Serafim Man (the abbot of the monastery during 1973-1984) and father Nifon Petruş (former monk at Rohia, arrested in communism). Important moments are related in these interviews such as foundation, construction and dedication of the monastery; life at Rohia between the two wars; consequences of Hungarian occupation and the communist period; the presence of Ioan Alexandru and Nicolae Steinhardt at Rohia.

The Condition of Women in the Context of Agricultural Collectivization. Case study: The District of Brad, Hunedoara Region

CONDIŢIA FEMEII ÎN CONTEXTUL COLECTIVIZĂRII AGRICULTURII STUDIU DE CAZ: RAIONUL BRAD, REGIUNEA HUNEDOARA

Author(s): Livia Coroi / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: XIII/2013

Keywords: collectivization, woman, mother, wife, persecution, opposition, testimonies, documents

The collectivization of agriculture assumed the change of peasant family status by imposing state control over its economic gaps, the couple becoming a workforce to the authorities. The condition of the woman is changing from a leader of the house having individual intra- community relations into a collectivist into a community whose first lines were to satisfy the interests of the state. In collectivist work it is retained as one big request, through time and difficulty, with a reward under the expected level. The testimonies are revealing the complexity of women's condition in the context of collectivization, reflecting her as mother, wife, a member of the community and as an interlocutor for the authorities – here, especially as opposing. The image of the woman is also apparent in the predominantly female, and these testimonies indicate not only an understanding of the events, but also a high degree of sensitivity in their living. In the archive documents, woman is found sporadically and only as the protagonist in a relationship with the authorities – to support or opposition to collectivization.

ESCAPEES AT THE BORDER. SUCCESS OR FAILURE IN FLEEING COMMUNIST ROMANIA

ESCAPEES AT THE BORDER. SUCCESS OR FAILURE IN FLEEING COMMUNIST ROMANIA

Author(s): Lavinia Snejana Stan / Language(s): English / Issue: XIII/2013

Keywords: communist borders, escapee, Danube frontier

The frontier is viewed having a sensitive role in the history of communist Romania. Our study deals with the strategies crossing the Danube to the former Yugoslavia. Communist Romania invented a border concept that had in its centre not the enemy from the outside, but the escapee coming from the inside. The materialization of this understanding of the border was an integrated border-zone aiming at catching and punishing the escapees who would dare to challenge the establishment.

Book Reviews

Recenzii

Author(s): Ileana Sauliuc,Laurenţiu Lavric,Călin Emilian Cira,Ionuţ Costea / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: XIII/2013

Hypostases of Women in Interwar Maramures

IPOSTAZE ALE FEMEII EVREICE ÎN MARAMUREŞUL INTERBELIC

Author(s): Aura Pintea / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: XIII/2013

Keywords: Hebrew woman, social life, women childhood, marriage, memories

Hebrew woman is a symbol more than a simple person. Saying Hebrew woman one can distinguish several meanings and mysteries than when you say Jew, no matter how bizarre it may seem. Hebrew woman, mother, wife, housewife, guardian of traditions, confident, serious, sympathetic, property of man or having the choice to divorce, with wig or non- virtuous, lazy, lax or hard worker, beautiful, submissive, housekeeper or emancipated woman - in all shapes and appearances she gives us things to learn and heeded, she surprise us, makes us want to understand, and build a true mental picture of a world where she plays a secondary role, but precisely that stands out, deserves to be appreciated.

The Identity of Journalists during Communism

IDENTITATEA JURNALIŞTILOR ÎN PERIOADA COMUNISTĂ

Author(s): Oana Popiţiu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: XIII/2013

Keywords: journalist, communism, media, oral discourse

Validation of journalism as a profession and its integration in a specific area of competence is an imperative because its exclusion from the sphere of professionalism involves limitations, which could lead to reduce the important role it plays in society. Surveys of journalism in the communist era by appealing to individual memory is an attempt to safeguard a profession condemned and stigmatized by establishing significant indicators of social and professional identity. We cannot talk about the condition of the communist journalist without reviewing the "new approach" of past professional media, current reality, namely public display of files, some the result of personal vendetta between "old" and "new guard" of journalism. A new approach for (re)constitution and (re)composition of individual memories would allow enrolling the journalist as a professional in the social memory.

The Memoirs of Communist Prisons from the Perspective of Legionary Movement Adepts

MEMORIALISTICA ÎNCHISORILOR COMUNISTE DIN PERSPECTIVA ADEPŢILOR MIŞCĂRII LEGIONARE

Author(s): Paula Mureşan / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: XIII/2013

Keywords: Legionary Movement, Iron Guard, communism, prison

This paper is an analysis of the Romanian communist prisons seen through the eyes of four adepts of the Legionary Movement who were imprisoned because of their belonging to this structure. We were interested in analysing some patterns (reasons for confessing, re-education, relationship with the external world and the prison as a life-experience) that could offer us relevant information concerning the life in communist prisons. The study reflects the human condition in a totalitarian regime.