The Service for January 30 of Menaion No. 98 (Stock Unit 381) of the Russian State Archives of Ancient Acts (Moscow) – a Supposed Hymn of Cyril, First Teacher of the Slavs

Последование под 30-м января из Минеи № 98 (ф. 381) РГАДА (Москва) – предполагаемый гимн первоучителя славян Кирилла

Author(s): Evgenii Vereščagin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/1994

The article contains the text of the recently discovered service dedicated to the finding of the relics of St. Clement of Rome, according to Menaion No. 98 of Stock Unit 381 of the Russian State Archives of Ancient Acts in Moscow – a Russian manuscript of the 12th-13th с. The text of the chants used as a model by the author of the service of finding the relics of St. Clement of Rome is also published. This publication is based on three manuscripts, dated not later than the 13th c. , which are now kept at the State History Museum in Moscow. For comparison the respective Greek text of these model chants according to the contemporary Greek Prayer-book is printed also because the author has so far not succeeded in tracing a full Greek text in the old manuscripts.

ARISTOTELIAN FEATURES IN MEDIEVAL ONEIROCRITICISM

ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ ЕСТЕСТВЕННОНАУЧНЫХ КОНЦЕПЦИЙ АРИСТОТЕЛЯ В СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОЙ ОНЕЙРОКРИТИКЕ

Author(s): Maya Petrova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: the Aristotelian tradition; dreams; interpretation; William of Conches;

The paper is dedicated to the problem of perception of Greek knowledge in the Middle Ages. How early it could have begun; to what extent and in what form the ingredients of Aristotle’s theories began to appear in the texts of the European medieval authors on dreams, visions and the occurrence of sleep? The theories of William of Conches (De phil. mundi XXI–XXII), including his glosses on Macrobius’ Commentary on the ‘Dream of Scipio’, and ps.-Augustine (De sp. et an. XXV) are analyzed. It is shown that their texts contain the synthesis of different, non-direct psychological and physiological Greek concepts, in which one can see not only the influence of Platonic and Neoplatonic doctrines, but also the ingredients of the Aristotelian theories.

THE NOTIONS NATURA NATURANS AND NATURA NATURATA IN SPINOZA’S PHILOSOPHY AS POSSIBLE CORRELATES OF TWO JEWISH TERMS FOR THE “NATURE”: TÔLEḎEṮ / TÔLĀḎĀH AND ṬEḆAʿ

ПОНЯТИЯ NATURA NATURANS И NATURA NATURATA В ФИЛОСОФИИ СПИНОЗЫ КАК ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ КОРРЕЛЯТЫ ДВУХ ЕВРЕЙСКИХ ТЕРМИНОВ ДЛЯ ОБОЗНАЧЕНИЯ «ПРИРОДЫ»: TÔLEḎEṮ / TÔLĀḎĀH И ṬEḆAʿ

Author(s): Igor Tantlevskij / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Spinoza; Natura naturans; Natura naturata; two Hebrew terms for the “nature”: tôleḏeṯ / tôlāḏāh and ṭeḇaʿ;

The author assumes that Spinoza correlated his notion Natura naturans with Hebrew term tôleḏeṯ / tôlāḏāh (var.: tôlāḏ), i.e., according to its root, the “Nature as begetting”; as for his notion Natura naturata, he could correlate it with the Hebrew term ṭeḇaʿ, i.e., according to its root, the “Nature as imprint”.

Velikopreslavski nauchen sobor

Великопреславски научен събор

Author(s): Tsanko Tsanev,Maria Tihova,Dochka Vladimirova-Aladzhova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/1994

ARISTOTELIAN TREATISE ON MEMORY AND RECOLLECTION AND THE CONCEPT OF HISTORY AS A REPRESENTATION OF THE PAST IN P. RICOEUR

ТРАКТАТ «О ПАМЯТИ И ПРИПОМИНАНИИ» АРИСТОТЕЛЯ И КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ИСТОРИИ КАК РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ ПРОШЛОГО РИКЕРА

Author(s): Alexandra Anikina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: memory; remembering; recollection; history; philosophy; eikôn; typos;

A short treatise “On Memory and Recollection” which constitutes a part of Aristotelian Parva naturalia serves for P. Ricoeur as one of the starting points of his concept of memory as the matrix of history. He bases his concept on such properties of memory, marked in the treatise, as indispensability of a temporal interval between the acts of perception and remembrance, the necessity of precedence of "what" in memories, etc. The most important point for Ricoeur is Aristotelian development of the metaphor of eikôn: its division on the picture and the object it represents, as well as the contradiction with the metaphor of typos (an offprint) which arises from such an interpretation of eikôn.

Sympozium za svetite Kliment i Naum Ohridski, organiziran ot akademiata na naukite na Makedonia

Симпозиум за светите Климент и Наум Охридски, организиран от Академията на науките и изкуствата на Македония

Author(s): Olga Parlicheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/1994

TRUTH OF GEOMETRY AXIOMATIZATION: DEFINITIONS IN EUCLID AND FREGE

ИСТИННОСТЬ АКСИОМАТИЗАЦИИ ГЕОМЕТРИИ: ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ У ЕВКЛИДА И ФРЕГЕ

Author(s): Aleksandr Khlebalin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Definition; axiom; truth; Euclid’s geometry; G. Frege.;

Based on reconstruction G. Frege’s project for foundation of axiomatic method and his treatment of the role of definitions in justification of axiomatic system, in the article I discuss the role of definitions in Euclid's axiomatic in their function of elucidations, in Fregan terms.

Mezhdunarodna nauchna konferencija, posvetena na sv, Kliment i sv, Naum, organizirana ot Pravoslavnata carkva na Makedonia

Международна научна конференция, посветена на св. Климент и св. Наум, организирана от Православната църква на Македония

Author(s): Anisava Miltenova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/1994

MEASURING TIME IN ANTIQUITY. CLEPSYDRA AND ITS PECULIARITIES (ON THE BASIS OF LITERARY TESTIMONIES AND ARCHEOLOGICAL DATA FROM AMPHIAREION)

ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ВРЕМЕНИ В АНТИЧНОСТИ: КЛЕПСИДРА И ЕЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПИСЬМЕННЫХ СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВ И АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ДАННЫХ ИЗ АМФИАРАЙОНА)

Author(s): Anna Afonasina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: clepsydra; Amphiaraus; ancient medicine; measuring; standards; Hippocratic corpus; Herophilus; Galen;

The article discusses an episode in the universal history of metrology and standardization. On the basis of literary testimonies and archeological data the author first outlines the history of development of various types of the water clocks, clepsydra. Special attention is paid to the usage of clepsydra in public life (esp. in legal proceeding) and in medical practice. Then, considering the massive water clock from the sanctuary of the healer-god Amphiaraus in Oropos author shows that in the 4th cent. BCE the water clocks became an essential part of social life, and demonstrates the ways they calibrated the device according to a 24-hours scale. The author suggests that the massive water clock, designed for continuous measuring of time, subdivided at equal hours, was built at the sanctuary of Amphiaraus for medical purposes. Such hypothesis can be confirmed by a series of passages from the Hippocratic corpus, where the word “hour” is actually introduced, as well as by two more testimonies from the medical practice of Herophilus and Galen.

SEMANTICAL REDUNDANCY: HISTORICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEM OF SCEPTICISM IN PHILOSOPHICAL LOGIC PERSPECTIVE

СЕМАНТИЧЕСКАЯ ИЗБЫТОЧНОСТЬ: ИСТОРИКО-ФИЛОСОФСКАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА СКЕПТИЦИЗМА В ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ ФИЛОСОФИИ ЛОГИКИ

Author(s): Vitaly Tselishchev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: model-theoretic argument; semantical redundancy; Putnam; interpretation; understanding;

The problem of semantical redundancy is discussed in the light of Putnam’s model- theoretic argument and recent criticism of this argument, set against classical background.

TO LEKTON IN STOIC PHILOSOPHY AND SINN IN G. FREGE’S SEMANTIC THEORY: THE QUESTION OF THEIR ONTOLOGICAL STATUS

О СООТНОШЕНИИ КАТЕГОРИЙ TO LEKTON В ФИЛОСОФИИ СТОИКОВ И SINN В СЕМАНТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ Г. ФРЕГЕ: ВОПРОС ОБ ИХ ОТНОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ СТАТУСЕ

Author(s): Valery Surovtsev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: stoic’s logic; to lecton; G. Frege; Sinn; semantic theory; axiōma; Gedanke; comparative studies; ancient and contemporary logic; ontological status;

As previously (ΣΧΟΛΗ 9.2 [2015] 241–252) the article deals with the Stoic category to lekton and G. Frege’s category of Sinn. I explicate some formal features of these categories, which demonstrate the similarity of the Stoic and the Fregean logical theories. In particular, I demonstrate that the concept of “complete lekton” (axiōma) in the Stoic doctrine has the same structure as the concept of thought (Gedanke) in Frege’s semantic theory. However, the formal structural similarity between to lekton and Sinn does not presupposes the ontological similarities in these theories.

DESCRIPTIVE AND ASCRIPTIVE APPROACHES TO THE ELUCIDATION OF ACTION

ДЕСКРИПТИВНЫЙ И АСКРИПТИВНЫЙ ПОДХОДЫ К ОБЪЯСНЕНИЮ ДЕЙСТВИЯ

Author(s): Vitaly Ogleznev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Aristotle; action; movement; behavior; conduct; intention; responsibility; descriptive and ascriptive approaches;

This essay is concerned with different approaches to the elucidation of action. It explicates the influence of Aristotle’s theory of action on the development of the modern philosophy of action, provided, first of all, by Reductionist and Causalist’s points of view. The author argues that the denial of the physical and psychological components of the action allows to conclude, firstly, that action is a social concept, logically dependent on the accepted rules of conduct; secondly, that it is fundamentally not descriptive, but ascriptive in its character; and thirdly, that it is a defeasible concept to be defined through exceptions and not by a set of necessary and sufficient conditions whether physical or psychological.

RECONSTRUCTION OF SOME ARISTOTELIAN IDEAS IN THE HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL LEGACY OF HANS KELSEN

РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ ИДЕЙ АРИСТОТЕЛЯ В ИСТОРИКО-ФИЛОСОФСКОМ НАСЛЕДИИ ГАНСА КЕЛЬЗЕНА

Author(s): Anton Didikin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Aristotle; normativism; metaphysics; ethic; politics; philosophy of law;

In a short note, the author outlines a series of Hans Kelsen’s studies dedicated to Ancient political thought, esp. his The Philosophy of Aristotle and Hellenic-Macedonian Policy. He believes that these relatively neglected minor studies of the famous philosopher of law could still be of interest to contemporary classicists and historians of philosophy.

THE RELIGIOUS FOUNDATION OF EDUCATIONAL PARADIGMS (FROM ANTIQUITY TO POSTMODERNITY)

РЕЛИГИОЗНЫЕ ОСНОВАНИЯ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПАРАДИГМ (ОТ АНТИЧНОСТИ ДО ПОСТМОДЕРНА)

Author(s): Dmitry Bogatyrev,Inna Romanenko / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: educational paradigm; religious grounds; intuition; discourse; exegesis; apology; rationality; experiment; post-secular;

Having conventionally divided European history into Ancient, Medieval, Modern and Postmodern times, often associated with predominance of, respectively, cosmocentrism, theocentrism and anthropocentrism, in the article we discuss the educational paradigms, which seems to correspond with them, namely: intuitive and discursive; exegetical and apologetic; rational and experimental, and, finally, existential and personal. We take these educational paradigms as both the instruments of accumulating of traditional values and “generative models” for personal development of individuals of a given epoch. A particular attention is given to religious foundations of the educational paradigms.

NATURALISTIC AND ANTI-NATURALISTIC ASPECTS OF ARISTOTELIAN UNDERSTANDING OF TIME

НАТУРАЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И АНТИНАТУРАЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ АРИСТОТЕЛЕВСКОГО ПОНИМАНИЯ ВРЕМЕНИ

Author(s): Sergey Kulikov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: time; movement; immobility; measurement; ancient legacy; Aristotle; naturalism; anti-naturalism;

In the article, I discuss the Heideggerian criticism of the Aristotelian concept of time. Heidegger thought that it was Aristotle who is to be blamed for so-called “ordinary” interpretation of time. Later on, Augustine developed this interpretation, while Kant and Hegel brought it to a logical end. The author observes that even if the post-Aristotelian thought and Hegel as its embodiment understood time in many respects naturalistically, we might trace both naturalistic and anti-naturalistic ways of interpretation of time in Aristotle. It appears therefore that Aristotle had also laid the foundations of existential comprehension of time, having influenced thereby the formation of the European rationality in all variety of its forms and manifestations.

CICERO ON LOVE

ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ЦИЦЕРОНА О ЛЮБВИ

Author(s): Svetlana Demina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Ancient Rome; Cicero; emotions; natural and unnatural; love; amor;

This article investigates Cicero’s thoughts about love. According to this Roman philosopher a disposition to love is given to people by nature. He defines love (amor) as recognition of importance of another person per se and an aspiration to do anything good for him unselfishly. Love as a philosophical category allows Cicero to explain a person’s behavior, to disclose importance of a person for another person, to display a moral similarity of both loving persons as well as to explain unification of people in associations of different levels (matrimonial and family relations, friendship, neighborhood, citizenship, nationality, humankind). In Cicero’s opinion, the widespread understanding of love as a passion is erroneous and leads to violation of moral and legal norms, therefore Cicero’s attitude to this passion is extremely negative.

SOCIOLINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL RHETORIC OF THE CYNICS

СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФИЛОСОФСКОЙ РИТОРИКИ КИНИКОВ

Author(s): Evgeny Nayman / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Cynics; non-verbal communication; chreia; performance; theatricality; rhetoric; transgressive communication;

This article focuses on the Cynic strategies of communication and on the problems of interpretation of Cynicism. The author uses Goffman’s theory of self-production, which treats a life as a theatrical performance, and applies some ideas of sociolinguistics and social anthropology to the analysis of Cynicism as a rhetorical practice. The theatricality of Cynical behaviour appears in their careful self-presentation and stylised of their lifestyle, which may be analysed as the exercise of a philosophical rhetoric. The article rests on the assumption that the most significant points of Cynicism are theatricality, use of non-verbal communication and transgressive forms of communication, and preference for such a literary form as chreia. Theatricality can take place in any stylistic register, but the author has concentrated on non-verbal elements in Cynic communication. The author analyses the Cynics’ rhetoric using the modern groundbreaking studies of Donald Lateiner and Robert Branham. The article analyses the Cynic performances, the interactions of Cynics with the public environment, and their use of eating and physical attributes to mark their philosophical position. The author examines Diogen’s use of transgressive non-verbal communication, paying special attention to his conscious use of the body for philosophical purposes. The analysis demonstrates that bodily processes are used as forms of symbolic action, while non-verbal media are designed to strengthen the effect of verbal language.

STOIC OPTIMISM OF MARCUS AURELIUS

СТОИЧЕСКИЙ ОПТИМИЗМ МАРКА АВРЕЛИЯ

Author(s): Sergey Kocherov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: the worldview of Marcus Aurelius; the internal dialogue; the stoic sage; the fulfillment of duty to the World and Rome;

The article is aimed to confute the belief held about the nature of the worldview of Marcus Aurelius as pessimistic. The analysis of the “Meditations” demonstrates that the text represents a dialogue between a Stoic sage and an ordinary man, Marcus Aurelius being in the guise of both. The article proves that the guidance of the philosopher king is positive in its nature, calling one to fulfill manfully his duties aimed at the welfare of the World and Rome while manifesting love to people and showing no fear of failure, suffering or death. I conclude that a comprehensive analysis of the “Meditations” of the Roman emperor, which contains both the historical and existential background of his personality, is still necessary.

PLATONIC DIALOGUE “XENEDEMOS” BY THEODOROS PRODROMOS: ANCIENT PROTAGONISTS AND THEIR BYZANTINE PROTOTYPES

ПЛАТОНОВСКИЙ ДИАЛОГ «КСЕНЕДЕМ» ФЕОДОРА ПРОДРОМА: ПСЕВДОАНТИЧНЫЕ ГЕРОИ И ИХ ВИЗАНТИЙСКИЕ ПРОТОТИПЫ

Author(s): Oksana Y. Goncharko,Dmitrii Chernoglazov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: history of logic; medieval logic; platonic dialogue; byzantine philosophy; byzantine literature; Komnenian renaissance;

The dialogue “Xenedemos, or Voices” is a little-known philosophical work by Theodoros Prodromos, an outstanding 12th century Byzantine writer. The objective of the paper is to reveal, who of Byzantine intellectuals of the time could serve as prototypes of the main protagonists of the dialogue. The historical and logical content of “Xenedemos” is analysed. It is argued that its main character, named Theokles, encompasses crucial features of Michael Psellos and John Italos.

WHAT DOES A TEXTUAL CORRECTION REVEAL?

НА ЧТО УКАЗЫВАЕТ ИСПРАВЛЕННЫЙ ТЕКСТ?

Author(s): Pavel Butakov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: New Testament; textual criticism; Byzantine type; Alexandrian type; thoroughgoing eclecticism; Eucharist; early church history;

Available manuscripts of Paul’s First Epistle to the Corinthians have a variant reading of Jesus’ words at the Last Supper in 11:24. The longer reading contains “take, eat” while the shorter reading does not. The two readings have a noticeable difference in meaning. The longer one highlights the individual value of the Eucharist; the shorter version, however, favors its institutional significance. The existence of both readings can be interpreted as a witness to an ideological dynamics in the early church. Depending on which of the two readings is considered prior, the church history would be seen either as an increase of clerical authority, or as an increase of value of the individual.