Search results for: search in All Content

Totalitarianism avant la lettre

Totalitarianism avant la lettre

Author(s): Vittorio Strada / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: USSR;Totalitarianism;

To say that anti-Stalinism is an ambiguous concept is not to diminish its liberating value within the communist movement, as well as, indirectly, for the world that opposed it. In addition to individual denunciations of Stalin (such as Koestler’s and Silone’s), two major attacks were launched against his system of power. The first was the one by his rival to succeed Lenin, Leon Trotsky. The latter fought against Stalin while still in the Soviet Union, and then, in a more overt and systematic way, after his expulsion from it in 1929. The democratic West provided him with an environment conducive to an open war against the man he believed had betrayed the Bolshevik revolution. Stalin paid him back with boundless violence, which was verbal first, in the form of a campaign of denigration and falsification, and then physical, when he had him assassinated by one of his agents. The second attack—different from the first in both nature and effectiveness, as well as with regard to the historical moment in which it occurred—was launched in the highest echelons of the Soviet Union’s communist power, soon after Stalin’s death, by one of his close collaborators, Nikita Khrushchev, during the 20th Congress of the Communist party.

The Phenomenon of Migration in Contemporary Society Viewed from a Religious Perspective

The Phenomenon of Migration in Contemporary Society Viewed from a Religious Perspective

Author(s): Ion–Lucian Răcilă / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: migration; society; religion; Islam

The migration phenomenon has always existed in our world, fluctuating by the historic context, the economic, political, social and demographic disparities between the Central and East European countries and the EU Member States, the interdependencies between the origin and receiving countries and the European integration process evolutions. In the European Union, an integrated and inclusive approach of the migration issue is necessary. But a common policy regarding world migration rests on an ambitious objective. A common approach of the economic migration management and the harmonization of the migration policies of the Member States represented a challenge for the European Union and will become urgent in the future, especially due to the demographic ageing.

Beyond Good and Evil. About “Me” Written in Lower and Upper-Case Letters in Juliusz Słowacki’s Work

Ponad dobrem i złem. O „ja” i „Ja” w twórczości Juliusza Słowackiego

Author(s): Lucyna Nawarecka / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Juliusz Słowacki; mysticism; I; agathology

The author, starting from the crisis of values announced by Nietzsche, indicates a similar stance in Juliusz Słowacki’s mystic writings. The author uses Szestow’s postulation in order to cross over the assessment of good and evil (Athens) and select the space that is not axiological but agathological (Jerusalem). Referring to the findings of researchers of Słowacki’s writings, who discern the search for identity and lack of the sense of one’s own existence in his early works, the author, aided by the dialogue philosophy, ascertains that the discovery of the metaphysical Me (‘me’ with a capital letter) after the poet’s mystical transformation, confirmed the value of the poet’s own existence and facilitated his entry into the agathological space.

Cinema and Migration: The Representation of Illegal Immigration of First and Third Generation Turkish Worker to European Countries in Turkish Cinema: A Comperative Analysis of the Films “The Bus” (1977) and “The Island of Hope” (2007)

Cinema and Migration: The Representation of Illegal Immigration of First and Third Generation Turkish Worker to European Countries in Turkish Cinema: A Comperative Analysis of the Films “The Bus” (1977) and “The Island of Hope” (2007)

Author(s): Levent Yaylagül,Nilüfer Korkmaz-Yaylagül / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: illegal immigration; Turkish cinema; content analysis;

Labour migration from Turkey to European Countries has started with bilateral international agreements signed between Turkey and European Countries around the 1960's. The oil crisis at 1973 decreased the demand for migrant worker resulting with an illegal migration wave to European countries. Those emergent social developments have influenced the Turkish cinema and some films about illegal immigration were shooted at that period. The film "the Bus" directed by Tunç Okan is one of the first examples of this category about first generation illegal immigrants. Another film "the Island of Hope", shooted after 30 years, at 2007 by Mustafa Kara subjected about illegal immigration concerning third generation illegal immigrants. Those two films were evaluated using qualitative content analysis technic in the context of the question of how first and third generation illegal immigrants are represented in Turkish cinema. Graphic image and dialogues were used as analysis unit. The contents of the two films were analysed within the framework of questions such; personal details, expectations, the country of immigration, the ways of immigration, the problems faced by immigrants, the realisation of the expectations, and the final status. First generation immigrants represented in the film "the Bus" are male with rural backgrounds, muslims with sunni sect, unskilled agricultural worker and their immigration incentive is economic. At the film "the Island of Hope" not only men, instead women, couples and even pregnant women were among the illegal immigrants. The main incentive of immigration is also economic, but the immigrants are not only the illiterate and the unskilled worker. For the first-generation immigrants, the image of Europe is expressed negatively such as; death, unemployement, deportation, being victims of sexual abuse, nostalgia and fear. For the third-generation immigrants however, even they experience similar problems and disappointment, Europe is represented such a home for the survivors, who could find a job and could realize their dreams. In both films, the loser was facing endings such death, alcohol, drug addiction and prostitution. To be deported to Turkey was one of the most prevalent options for the illegal immigrants.

„Przybyliśmy z Bogdanem na ten brzeg / szlakiem szalbierzy drwali lemingów” On a poetic dialogue between Andrzej Busza and Bogdan Czaykowski

„Przybyliśmy z Bogdanem na ten brzeg / szlakiem szalbierzy drwali lemingów” O dialogu poetyckim Andrzeja Buszy i Bogdana Czaykowskiego

Author(s): Bożena Szałasta-Rogowska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Andrzej Busza; Bogdan Czaykowski; literary dialogue; Polish poetry in Canada; emigre literature;

The paper deals with the more than fifty‑year‑old friendship and the accompanying literary dialogue between Andrzej Busza and Bogdan Czaykowski. These two outstanding Polish poets first met in the fifties of the last century in London, England, in the milieu of the poetic group “Kontynenty”. Subsequently, both taught at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. What united them, above all, was a shared passion for literature: the main topic of their dialogue. The conversations of the two poets focused to a large extent on their poetry; but at the same time, they worked jointly on translations (mostly from Polish into English). They also published dialogues in which they discussed a variety of contemporary issues.

The Ache of Words: Andrzej Busza’s Elegia dla Wili

Słowa, które bolą – Andrzej Busza Elegia dla Wili

Author(s): Alicja Jakubowska‑Ożóg / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: elegy; genre pattern; context; archetype; imagery;

The paper discusses Andrzej Busza’s poem Elegia dla Wili dedicated to his dead wife, Wilhelmina. It appeared in the literary magazine “Fraza” in two translations into Polish: one by Beata Tarnowska, the other by Jacek Gutorow. The form, affective issues, as well as the stylistic differences between the two translations are considered. The link between the creative process and emotion, clearly manifested in Busza’s text, not only constitutes the substance of the poem but also determines its mode of expression. This topic, too, receives attention in the analysis.

Vegetation and ‘Biophilia’ from architectural design

Vegetation and ‘Biophilia’ from architectural design

Author(s): César Alejandro Vargas Esperón / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Biophilia; nature; vegetation; architectural design; sustainability; human-nature relationship

At present, buildings and cities have become places that cause extensive environmental damage and constantly move away from their connection to nature. Sustainable design approaches focus on reduction, that is, on minimizing, mitigating, and avoiding negative effects on natural ecosystems. It is not enough to really ensure lasting sustainability in buildings and cities that promote health and well-being for their inhabitants. Human thinking about nature has been changing over time, acknowledging mainly three phaseswhere nature shifts from being the feared and dominant force, to a more balanced phase of adaptation to the environment and finally to the conquest by technological and industrial advances of our societies, constituting the basis for the ongoing environmental crisis. The need to rethink this idea as an alternative that contributes to the paradigm of sustainability and to reappraise the importance of the relationship between human beings and nature in architectural design has been raised. It is not intended to understand design as a final resolution instrument, but as part of the complex network that together with interdisciplinary and collective efforts can address one of the current paradigms of human beings. This article makes a brief compilation of the evolution of the human-nature relationship and introduces biophilia as a contemporary design approach, thereby introducing the question of its contribution to the paradigm of sustainability.

Migration of Employees from Ukraine – Cultural Proximity and Human Resources Management Practices as a Chance to Keep them in Poland

Migration of Employees from Ukraine – Cultural Proximity and Human Resources Management Practices as a Chance to Keep them in Poland

Author(s): Katarzyna Gadomska-Lila,Viktoriia Moskalenko / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: migration; culture; practices of human resources management; Ukrainian employees

The purpose of this chapter is to identify the reasons for the emigration of Ukrainian employees and to explain the importance of cultural proximity and human resources practices whose aim is to keep them in Polish organisations. The considerations are based on a desk research analysis of migrations of Ukrainians, and on the results of quantitative empirical research conducted by the Authors regarding national cultures, values related to work and managing human resources. The research results allowed to determine problems faced by Ukrainian workers employed in Poland, as well as human resource management practices to help overcome them. The study shows that cultural proximity, linguistic similarity or common history favour the choice of Poland as the direction of migration for Ukrainians, and human resources management practices of Polish employers favour quick implementation to work in Poland.

Strangeness and familiarness in field research

Obcość i swojskość w badaniach terenowych

Author(s): Andrzej Sarnacki SJ / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: epistemology; extraneousness; research assumptions; field work

The present article deals with the issue of the research perspective related to the problem of perception, alienness and assumptions that are made in contemporary research. The author refers to his own research on violence in the cultural context, conducted in Colombia. Preparation of the research process requires the ability to anticipate, keep distance and maintain discipline in applying the method. The availability of test data is verified at the location and requires flexibility. In Latin American countries, the fact of being a priest makes it much easier to reach people and groups that are otherwise insular. In research and data interpretation, there are always questions that have their reference points in epistemology. Today, the awareness of personal conditioning reaches the dangerous dimensions of extreme individualism and ideological correctness. This is possibly the biggest problem facing a researcher of cultural phenomena today. Meanwhile, group membership does not have to determine the correctness of perception and the assessment of the situation. Familiarness comes from participating in a shared experience that is both universal and individual.

Editor's note about the 14th International Conference „Contemporary Approaches in Banking and Financial Law” took place in Bucharest, Romania, on 15 April 2021

Editor's note about the 14th International Conference „Contemporary Approaches in Banking and Financial Law” took place in Bucharest, Romania, on 15 April 2021

Author(s): Cristina Elena Popa Tache / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: banking law; financial law; international law; international conference;

The 14th Banking and Financial Law Conference took place in Bucharest, Romania, on 15 April 2021, which I had the privilege of moderating. It seems that banking law has never faced such great challenges and all this can be done only with specialized lawyers very well trained in banking and financial field. A country that does not have banking guidance from its own team of elite specialists in banking law will not find the way to progress because it will not be able to identify the best solutions. For this purpose, a very important approach is the exchange of experience through conferences, working groups, research committees, the writing of studies, articles or the elaboration of re- search programs in this field.

Settlement of disputes in HoReCa (food and hospitality field)

Settlement of disputes in HoReCa (food and hospitality field)

Author(s): Laura Ramona Nae / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: HoReCa; mediation; conciliation; amicable settlement; preliminary settlement; disputes; briefing; procedural documents;

As the HoReCa industry has been developed, by improving the quality of products and services offered, the number of customers and beneficiaries in bad faith - bad payers - has also increased. The present paper, as it is entitled, presents the most common aspects in practice, which the field of HoReCa faces, in case of non-compliance with the contractual obligations of customers/beneficiaries. In this sense, we highlight the possibility of resolving disputes in the mentioned field, by amicably settlement, in order to avoid as much as possible, the legal action in the court. From this perspective, the advantages and disadvantages of using this procedure are summarized.

Hybrid, Culture-Based, and Youthful: The New Political Commitment of Youth in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia

Hybrid, Culture-Based, and Youthful: The New Political Commitment of Youth in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia

Author(s): Mounir Saidani / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Hybrid; culture-based; youthful; new political; commitment; youth in post-revolutionary Tunisia;

In the last year of Ben Ali’s reign, pre-revolutionary Tunisia was officially proclaimed the ‘Year of Youth,’ with the politicians then in office once again putting forward political slogans focusing on a rapprochement with young people. As part of this endeavor, Ben Ali even went so far as proposing to the UN that ‘2010 be proclaimed as the International Year of Youth’ and that ‘a world youth congress be held [that year] under the aegis of the United Nations’ – an initiative adopted by the General Assembly in its 64th session. These efforts at outreach were being undertaken as young Tunisians were showing increasing signs of disaffection from various official political institutions, as attendance at cultural and youth centers under the auspices of the Ministry of Cultural Affairs (whose meager budget never reached the 1% required by UNESCO) confirmed. Importantly, this alienation was not solely a manifestation of antipathy towards the Ben Ali regime; even after the revolution, in 2014, the number of young people attending youth centers did not exceed 71,627 (47,106 boys and 24,521 girls) (Statistiques Tunisie 2013-2014). Indeed, official statistics show that attendance at the youth venues known as ‘Youth Houses’ (Maisons des Jeunes) and ‘Culture Houses’ (Maisons de Culture) was in fact much lower.

Choice of law in insurance and liability for damage of the State

Choice of law in insurance and liability for damage of the State

Author(s): Alexander Kult / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: choice of law; insurance; international private law; geoblocking;

This paper deals with the possibilities of choice of law in the field of personal insurance in a comparison of Czech and Slovak law, the question of the legitimacy of geoblocking in the distribution of insurance and with liability of the state for damages in the event that its national law is in conflict with EU law. The Rome I Regulation allows national legislatures to adopt looser rules in certain cases. Slovak law allows for greater flexibility but did not take the restrictions of Rome I Regulation into account. If an insurance company chooses the law under Slovak Act No. 97/1963 Coll. on Private International Law and Procedure, is such a choice valid and would the state be liable for damages?

Antarctic and Arctic Maritime Security Interaction within Liberalism, Realism and Critical Theories

Antarctic and Arctic Maritime Security Interaction within Liberalism, Realism and Critical Theories

Author(s): Burak Şakir Şeker,Hasret Çomak / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Antarctic; Arctic; Maritime; Security; Interaction; Liberalism; Realism; Critical Theories;

International security possesses a focal situation within the discipline of international relations. This concept is based upon the nations’ sovereignty principle that indicates order and stability in the domestic sphere, and disorder and possible confusion in the international arena. Notwithstanding, the issue of security in the international arena has been the subject of an important theoretical discussion, with various approaches to international security previsions created by liberal, realist and critical theorists. Likewise, various new threats of security have emerged that are especially hazardous, since the end of the Cold War, because these newly emerged threats benefit differently, and more extensively, from the modern world’s interconnectedness.

Baltic States and Arctic Negotiation

Baltic States and Arctic Negotiation

Author(s): Öncel SENCERMAN / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Baltic States; Arctic Negotiation; Arctic region; Nato; scientific; environmental; economic; logistic; social interests region;

Arctic region has become a significant region for the last three decades and thanks to the natural richness of the region and the emergence of a new transportation northern route owing to global warming, even the non-Arctic states have started to have scientific, environmental, economic, logistic and social interests on the region. The interest of the Baltic states has also recently increased despite their traditionally weak links with the Arctic. This study aims to understand how these small Baltic states negotiate their interests regarding Arctic issues. For this reason, this chapter consists of two main parts. The first one deals with the Arctic issue itself and the second part is about the Baltic states’ approach towards the Arctic in recent years and their efforts to take part in the Arctic negotiations defending their interests over intergovernmental organizations like the Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS), the Arctic Council, the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

Automation and Cybersecurity in Maritime Commerce

Automation and Cybersecurity in Maritime Commerce

Author(s): Alaettin Sevim / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Automation; Cybersecurity; Maritime Commerce; Maritime; network; communication;

A ship's various intelligent subsystems ensure smooth operation: from tank and ballast water management to propulsion control, alarm, and monitoring systems. All of them work using industrial automation technology. As network communication increases in the maritime industry, the exchange of sensitive data also increases. Electronic systems such as navigation, monitoring, and collision warning systems require connections with off-ship, thus creating potential targets for cybercrime. With the increasing digitalization and network connections on ships, the risk of data misuse and cybercrime is also increasing. Anyone considering the possibilities of Maritime 4.0 also needs to consider the growing requirements for cybersecurity and, more importantly, find suitable solutions to implement it.

On the Issue of Cretan Wine Import in the Black Sea Region (1st – 2nd centuries AD)

К вопросу об импорте критского вина в Причерноморье (I–II вв. н.э.)

Author(s): Denis Masuta / Language(s): English,Russian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Crete; passum; АС4 amphorae; Roman period; Black Sea area; Tyras; Chersones

One of the most famous and quite expensive kinds of wine produced on the territory of the Roman Empire in the 1st–2nd centuries AD was a Cretan passum. For its high-rate taste and medicinal properties, it was in great demand among the wealthy segments of the capital and provinces population. The amphorae of type AC4, produced in Crete from the first quarter of 1st century AD till the late 2nd century AD, were used for its transportation. Their production peaked in the second half of 1st – first half of 2nd centuries AD, when they entered the markets of Rome in large numbers and reached the most remote parts of the Empire. These amphorae are considered to have been distributed in the Western Black Sea region – in the territory of Moesia Inferior province. However, the fragments of transport containers from Novae, Troesmis, Tomis, Tropaeum Trajani, attributed to this type by researches, are morphologically different from Cretan amphorae and date to the 2nd – first half of 3rd centuries AD. These vessels are the products of another not yet localized center and are attributed to type Samoylova 1 (І). As a result of the archaeological research of recent decades, single finds of АС4 amphorae are known in Chersonesus and Tyras, which allows us to expand the distribution area of this variety of transport containers to the Northern and North-Western Black Sea region. Their arrival dates to the late 2nd century AD, when the producers were forced to search for new markets for their products, due to the falling demand for Cretan wine and a reduction of its consumption in the western Roman provinces and the Eastern Mediterranean.

The Golden Peninsula. Literary sources for the study of the gold resources of Iberia/Hispania

La Península Dorada. Fuentes literarias para el estudio de los recursos auríferos de Iberia/Hispania

Author(s): Jordi Pérez González / Language(s): Spanish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Iberia; Hispania; mines; gold; literary sources

The first contacts of the Greeks and Phoenicians with the Iberian Peninsula revealed the importance of the resources of the Iberian populations, especially in terms of metals. For decades, this news persuaded the more adventurous to undertake a trip to the West in search of fortune. On many occasions these stories were exaggerated, overvaluing the wealth existing with in the limits of the western Ecumene, and encouraging the creation of a literary topos around the descriptions of the territory. The Roman expansion through the western Mediterranean led to a series of references to the peninsular’s wealth by several authors in the service of Rome. They detailed in general the geography, populations and wealth that one could find in these regions.In the present work, we have gathered together those literary sources linked to the descriptions of gold in the landscapes of the Iberian Peninsula. As I have commented in some of my works, the acquisition of gold by Rome occupied much of its history on the Peninsula. Gold, as a positional good, is a scarce good by nature, which cannot be created, only redistributed. Pliny commented that the amount of gold known in the ancient world was always less than that of other precious metals (Plin. Nat. 33.16). By pointing out the news referred to in the Roman world about obtaining Hispanic resources, we will indirectly address what was the perception that Rome had about Iberia / Hispania.

In the element of searching for the “I”. Reflections on the poem “Protect me from myself…” by Adam Mickiewicz

W żywiole szukania „ja”. Refleksje wokół wiersza „Broń mnie przed sobą samym…” Adama Mickiewicza

Author(s): Ewa Hoffmann-Piotrowska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

This paper is an attempt to interpret Mickiewicz’s poem from the Roman-Dresden period. It is most often discussed as a fragment of a larger whole, a variant of the Great Improvisation or a surviving fragment of the poet’s devised continuation of his masterpiece. Researchers have extracted various meanings from it, most often looking for inspiration and references in the heterodox religious tradition. In this paper I propose to read this intriguing text from the perspective of Mickiewicz’s anthropological and theological reflections of the 1830s, his comprehensive reading of St. Augustine, Thomas à Kempis and the meditations of Thomas Aquinas. The poem is an intriguing and surprising testimony to the poet’s theological reflection. The problems of the hypostatic union or the divinity of Christ resound in the poem, and ultimately lead to the search for Meaning, which turns out to be the primary problem of the poem’s subject.

Cultivating the Arts in Education and Therapy / Kultywowanie sztuki w edukacji i terapii

Cultivating the Arts in Education and Therapy / Kultywowanie sztuki w edukacji i terapii

Author(s): Malcolm Ross / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0