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The borderlines of writing? On "Inne historie" by Paweł Huelle

Pogranicza twórczości? O "Innych historiach" Pawła Huellego

Author(s): Aleksandra Zug / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Paweł Huelle; "Inne Historie" ("Other Stories"); little homelands; self-reference

The author presents a collection of drafts "Inne historie" by Paweł Huelle as a kind of a “personal author’s map”: a collection of places and surnames that are important for this writer for various reasons. Although the main point in the esseist search of the author of "Memesis" is Gdańsk, the issues he deals with frequently go beyond strictly a motive of a “little homeland” (among others an Irish motive). Besides, stories collected in "Inne historie" allow for discovering the secrets of Huelle’s writing workshop (autothematism). A mosaic nature of drafts situates "Inne historie" on the borderline of writing of the author of "Weiser Dawidek", but also allows for showing broader contexts in order to read the most important works of the author.

Dealing with “a syndrome of exile”. On "Unsere" by Jan Darowski

Zmaganie z „syndromem wygnania”. O "Unsere" Jana Darowskiego

Author(s): Agnieszka Nęcka / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: contemporary Polish prose; immigration; autobiography; World War II;history;

The article reminds us of Jan Darowski, a writer almost unknown in Poland until recently. The author pays special attention to his autobiographic novel entitled "Unsere", that was published as late as in 2012 and constitutes a unique record of an experience of a war man who grew up in Silesia on the Polish-German borderline, was conscripted to Wehrmacht during war, and, subsequently, escaped to the ally army in order to fight with Germans. Writings having an auto-therapeutic overtone allowed him to search himself and his place in the world. A battle with the “syndrome of exile” was connected with the need to give evidence on the past and people who created it. The past, influencing the present made “I” from the past overlap with “I” from the present. As a result, the character from "Unsere" is a hostage of his own memories. Searching himself is also the need to be a part of the group. Thanks to it, what is personal and individual permeated and supplemented what is collective. What is deposited remained in a privatememory was connected with what was located in the culture, giving fundaments of his own identity.

THE WORLD BETWEEN ARMS AND PERCEPTIONS. CONSIDERATIONS ON THE HYBRID DIMENSION OF MODERN CONFLICTS

THE WORLD BETWEEN ARMS AND PERCEPTIONS. CONSIDERATIONS ON THE HYBRID DIMENSION OF MODERN CONFLICTS

Author(s): Adrian Tudor,Cătălin-Constantin Mihalache / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

: "In recent years, the security environment has changed dramatically. We have witnessed increased hybrid threats at EU borders. A firm call for the EU to adapt and improve its capabilities as a security provider has been launched. The relationship between internal and external security needs to be further strengthened. With these new proposals, we want to strengthen our ability to counteract the threats of a hybrid nature. In this regard, we will also step up cooperation and coordination with NATO. "Federica Mogherini, High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy

ALTERNATIVE NATIONAL DEFENCE AND SECURITY STRUCTURES DURING THE COLD WAR PERIOD. CASE STUDY – ROMANIA AND THE BALKANS

ALTERNATIVE NATIONAL DEFENCE AND SECURITY STRUCTURES DURING THE COLD WAR PERIOD. CASE STUDY – ROMANIA AND THE BALKANS

Author(s): Diana Cristiana Lupu,Gligor Vaidean / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: patriotic guards; people’s militia; combat groups of the working classș

The paper presents the alternative national defence and security structures,be they considered public security organisations, official governmental paramilitary structures or militias, existing in some countries during the Cold War period, focusing on the situation in Romania and the Balkans. The presentation is contextualised, taking into account the tensions between the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and the Western Bloc (the United States of America and its allies), divided along ideological lines after the end of the World War II, the existence of the two main political-military alliances(the Warsaw Pact and NATO), as well as the main crises and phases in the Cold War, in general, and in the Warsaw Pact, in particular. In the mentioned context, in some countries,certain structures other than the regular military were established to provide additional defence in the event of outside attack, the emergence, organisation and role of the ones related to the Eastern Bloc, especially those in Romania and the Balkans, being presented in the paper.

SECURITY – BETWEEN CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITI

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION. THE IMPLICATIONS AND DYNAMICS OF THE ROMANIAN LABOR FORCE MIGRATION WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Author(s): Doina Muresan,Alexandru STOICA / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: security;Romania; labor policy;

This scientific communication has as main aim the analysis of the evolution specific to the Romanian migration phenomenon, as a result of an extensive process of transformation from a closed society, just like it was during the 1990s, to a society with more than three million of persons left to work abroad. In this context, are presented the main addictions of the migration decisions by making a synthetic picture of the Romanian migration system. The premise that grounds such an approach claims that, by informing on the manner different flows of the Romanian migration system are tied one another, one will be able to state a general framework of understanding the causal context of the subjective phenomena associated to the migration: the decision of migration, identities and so on.

CONCEPTUALIZING HEGEMONIC INSTABILITY AND ITS LINKAGE WITH “SECURITY DILEMMA” AS A CAUSAL FACTOR, THROUGH A CONSTRUCTIVIST FRAMEWORK

CONCEPTUALIZING HEGEMONIC INSTABILITY AND ITS LINKAGE WITH “SECURITY DILEMMA” AS A CAUSAL FACTOR, THROUGH A CONSTRUCTIVIST FRAMEWORK

Author(s): S. Rafique / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Security Dilemma; Constructivism; Greedy State; Security-seeking behavior; Hegemonic Instability; Ontological Security

This Paper introduces the concept of Hegemonic Instability as a possible causal factor for “Security Dilemma” under a constructivist framework. For the above purposes, the Paper starting by re-examining the concept of “Security Dilemma” and its core constituent elements through the prism of Constructivism and argues that these notions can be better explained through the constructivist line of argument. Following up on this course of narrative, the Paper then charts a paradigmatic shift from the oft quoted “Hegemonic Stability Theory” and argues that rather than contributing towards stability, the Hegemonic State, owing to its revisionist and expansionist tendencies, nurtures instability in its system/region thus inviting in its wake, a counter-response from the weaker/dominated States, who mostly tend towards an extra-regional power, as a deterrence against the existing Hegemon and for countering its hegemonic ambitions. The paper concludes with the argument that the action-reaction dyad generated by the Hegemonic State’s destabilizing maneuvers and actions within its region therefore lead to the generation of “Security Dilemma”.

DAVID AND GOLIATH: SOVEREIGNTY VERSUS INTERNATIONALIZATION

DAVID AND GOLIATH: SOVEREIGNTY VERSUS INTERNATIONALIZATION

Author(s): Teodor Frunzeti,Lisa-Maria Achimescu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: sovereignty; internationalization; fragmentation; sovereign state.;

The world that we’ve known thus far is that of a fundamentally unchallenged sovereignty of state actors for more than three centuries, since the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Unfortunately, the concept of states as a self- governing, independent entities yields under the combined pressure of monetary unions, the internet, global television, social media, governmental and non-governmental organizations. In this article, we propose to examine the effect of internationalization on the concept of sovereignty of states and how nation states have metamorphosed and adapted to the challenges of internationalization, the fragmentation of international law and the ever changing balance of power. Nowadays international multilateral institutions such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the International Monetary Fund overstep their boundaries by advocating for universal standards, which can become perilous for the scope of state authority. It is our aim to analyze just how much internationalization has affected state sovereignty and to what extent is the classical concept of sovereign state still a valid landmark in international law.

STRATEGIC COMPETITION IN THE ARCTIC

STRATEGIC COMPETITION IN THE ARCTIC

Author(s): Florin Diaconu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: The Arctic; strategic interests; sea routes; natural resources; strategic competition; military power; sea shelf; Russia; USA; Arctic Council.

Along the past few centuries, the Arctic has on several occasions been the scene for intense strategic competition and/or strategic conflict. First of all, in the Age of Great Geographic Discoveries, several competing European Powers poured a lot of resources into an effort aimed at finding the so-called Northwestern Passage. Later on, in both World Wars,the Arctic was an area used by some of the Western Powers to send arms and ammunition to Russia. In the context of the Cold War, both superpowers tried a lot to operate in and control the Arctic. Nowadays, in a dramatically changed environmental context, access to the Arctic is becoming easier than ever before, strongly boosting the strategic competition of the great powers in the region. Several important actors of the international arena are now trying to expand their presence in the region, aiming at least three major goals: strategic control of vitally important sea routes, strategic control of natural resources in the region, and blocking or containing the presence and actions of their strategic competitors.

FUTURE GEOPOLITICS OF A DEMOGRAPHICALLY CHANGING EUROPE

FUTURE GEOPOLITICS OF A DEMOGRAPHICALLY CHANGING EUROPE

Author(s): Dragoș Ionuț PALĂ / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: geopolitics; demography; Europe; changes; migration impact.

In the last part of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st, demographic data has been set for a major change that will affect Europe as a whole. These changes will take place in the next 20 to 30 years and are so potent that they can modify the geopolitical landscape of the continent forever. In this circumstance it is of vital importance to understand where the demographics of Europe were, where they are and in which direction they are going. Thus, we can map out the future pols of geopolitical power and the manner in which they will influence the continent. The article uses qualitative and quantitative methods to paint the picture of the near future of Europe and tries to answer the question of how the future geopolitics of the continent will look. To better understand the situation demographic and economic data will be introduced and analysed with the intent of predicting future pols of economic power and implicitly geopolitical power.

EXTREMISM AND RADICALISM – CHALLENGES FOR THE EUROPEAN SECURITY

EXTREMISM AND RADICALISM – CHALLENGES FOR THE EUROPEAN SECURITY

Author(s): Teodor Badiu,Daniel-Mihai DUȚU / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: globalization; extremism; radicalism; radicalization; de-pluralization; security.

The development of industries and the emergence of globalization have led to the alteration of the physical boundaries of the states, and the geographical proximity has given rise to the desire of each individual to have a different identity than others, desire that led to the emergence of radical and extremist ideologies and movements. These differ according to factors that cause individuals to radicalize, but also depending on the purposes of these movements. Thus, the international society faces many radical movements, such as radical Islamism, revolutionary nationalism and extreme populism, resulting in the accession of extremist groups in national and international leadership structures. Today we are talking about mass radicalization representing a real threat to international and human security that generalized especially since 9/11.This paper aims to analyze the causes and modes of manifestation of extremist ideologies,focusing on radicalization models and on the impact that these ideologies and movements have on both international and individual levels

ALGORITHMS AND THE COMPETITIVE IDEAL

АЛГОРИТМИТЕ И КОНКУРЕНТНИЯТ ИДЕАЛ

Author(s): Aleksandar Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: algorithm; competition; collusion

Do modern digital algorithms contribute to more competition? The paper at hand answers this question by looking at the competitive effects of some of the most common algorithms on the Internet. At first glance, search, comparison, recommendation, and evaluation algorithms seem to bring markets closer to the competitive ideal, but a closer look reveals that they also create several distortions to competitive behavior. On the supply side, the increasingly common application of pricing algorithms bears the risk of collusive behavior. The solutions offered so far - consumer protection algorithms and an active competition policy are only partial and still immature.

Cooperation for Innovation: Opportunities and Challenges for SMEs (The Case of the Republic of Moldova)

Cooperation for Innovation: Opportunities and Challenges for SMEs (The Case of the Republic of Moldova)

Author(s): Alexandru Stratan,Alexandra Novac,Natalia Vinogradova / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs);innovation;cooperation;business environment;research environment;

In the contemporary economy, the sustainable growth of the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can be ensured provided that innovations are implemented in enterprises. The innovative potential of enterprises can be raised through various methods, including cooperation with other enterprises and researchers. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the innovation activity of SMEs in the Republic of Moldova and identify opportunities and barriers to cooperation of SMEs with other enterprises and research institutions in the Republic of Moldova in order to develop and/or implement innovations. The results of the research showed that in the Republic of Moldova, SMEs are quite reluctant and passive in cooperating with other companies and research institutions to implement innovations. Moreover, for the most part, Moldovan SMEs are not aware of the need to implement innovations based on research results, but researchers - of the need to market their results.

Historytelling: Designing Validated Heritage Narratives for Non-captive Audiences. Evidence from EU Funded Projects in the Programming Period 2014-2020

Historytelling: Designing Validated Heritage Narratives for Non-captive Audiences. Evidence from EU Funded Projects in the Programming Period 2014-2020

Author(s): Dorothea Papathanasiou-Zuhrt / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: cultural heritage;AV narrative (AV);human cognitive architecture;hermeneutics;cultural experience;

Much too often a temporospatial gap arises between monuments and non-captive audiences at places of cultural significance. It emerges as the missing link between the tangible and the intangible form of cultural heritage. While material substance or architecture of a monument are perceived by the eye, values and inherent meanings remain inaccessible. This particular condition is further modified for the better or worse by the skills of the audience, which has different origins, mentalities and cultural backgrounds that hinder or enhance the perception and appreciation of cultural heritage. Following the philosophy of hermeneutics, this paper suggests that the temporo-spatial gap between monuments and audiences is principally of cognitive nature: to understand and embrace heritage values and effectively bridge the gap, we need to connect the tangible form of the object to its intangible dimensions, symbols, meanings and values. As much of the supply side offers remain codified in the language of experts, while the public, especially the youth, is looking for compelling stories and multisensory experiences, we need to look for a new narrative discourse. This paper examines evidence from 260 heritage narratives produced through EU funded projects in the Programming Period 2014-2020, in an attempt to evaluate the knowledge acquisition pattern developed and the role of AV technology plays in the development of a validated heritage narrative.

Authentic Leadership, Requirement for Trade Unions in Education

Authentic Leadership, Requirement for Trade Unions in Education

Author(s): Gicu-Valentin Dogaru / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: authentic leadership;union;education;perceptions;

The theme of leadership, as much as it has been studied, remains so inexhaustible, the general need to identify those people and styles that lead to good results and that ensure a pleasant working climate. In this context, we considered useful an approach to authentic leadership but applied to trade unions. It may seem like a paradox at first glance, and maybe, for this reason, the topic of union leadership has not been explored much. In the present study, we want to highlight, in general, the perception of teachers about the need for authentic leadership in trade unions in pre-university education in Romania. The need for knowledge of leadership styles, values on which each of them is based, and dangers and the possibility of the emergence of flawed forms, determined this first exploration. The conclusions show that union members appreciate the need for authentic leadership in trade unions in the education system, which can have a positive influence on the educational process.

Interagency Cooperation Between The UNHCRand The ILO on The Promotion of Refugees Right to Work

Interagency Cooperation Between The UNHCR and The ILO on The Promotion of Refugees Right to Work

Author(s): Ebru Gür,Soyalp Tamçelik / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Migration Series; EU; ILO; immigrants; international organisations; international policy; ITO; migration policy; NATO; refugee crisis; refugee law; refugees; UN; UNHCR;

This research is based on literature assessing international agencies’ complex workings of power which illustrates how the norms and forms have been shaped around international government of borders. International Labour Organization (ILO) and United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) are international organizations (IOs) exercise power by helping states in the promotion of refugees’ right to work. The cooperation of autonomous and powerful actors ILO and UNHCR construct the social world with institutional practices in global politics. Over the last two decades interagency cooperation between ILO and UNHCR appear to create activities for economic reintegration with generalized rules and different models of political organizations.

NATO and The Current Refugee Crisis: Prospects and Challenges

NATO and The Current Refugee Crisis: Prospects and Challenges

Author(s): Adnan Seyaz / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Migration Series; EU; ILO; immigrants; international organisations; international policy; ITO; migration policy; NATO; refugee crisis; refugee law; refugees; UN; UNHCR;

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a Cold War product as a counterweight to the Soviet Union. Since its establishment in April 1949,NATO has been a collective defense organization against external threats. Following the Second World War, twelve countries1 came together to prevent a third world war and signed the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington. Promoting stability and well-being in the North Atlantic area and safeguarding the freedom, common heritage, and civilization of the member countries were stated as the mandate of the organization.

Mena Versus Europe: Rising Dimensions of Mediterranean Maritime Security

Mena Versus Europe: Rising Dimensions of Mediterranean Maritime Security

Author(s): Burak Şakir Şeker,Hasret Çomak / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Migration Series; Climate change; DACA; immigrants; international policy; irregular migration; maritime security; migration policy; refugee crisis; refugee law; refugees; Rohingya; terrorism;

The purpose of this study is to highlight all the problems that create instability in the security of the wider Mediterranean region, highlighting both those that remain unresolved over time, as well as those of asymmetric threats, in order to examine whether there is a possibility to overcome and give a new breath to the aforementioned area where growth and prosperity will prevail. In addition, this research investigates how much and in what ways the coastal states from the post-Cold War period until today contributes to achieving this. It should be noted that no other forces (e.g. NATO) or countries (USA) are considered to be active in the region and which in turn help to curb illegal activities other than the Mediterranean countries.

Youth Radicalization in Kurdistan: The Government Response

Youth Radicalization in Kurdistan: The Government Response

Author(s): Kamaran Palani / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Iraqi Kurdistan; disillusionment; government reforms; insufficient policies; political; historical; Kurdistan; dissatisfaction; Kurdish; authorities; identity; Kurds; political class; anti-authority;

Iraqi Kurdistan has become increasingly polarized in recent years, fueled byrising youth dissatisfaction and disillusionment with the authorities. Some factors to explain the tremendous pressures youth are facing (see Said 2019) include the post-2014 financial crisis, a lack of effective anti-corruption government reforms, insufficient policies to empower youth (see Jiyad, Küçükkeleş, and Schillings 2020, 40–44), and widening political divisions. It is not the historical struggle for independence from the Iraqi state that defines the priorities and dreams of the people of Kurdistan today but, rather, youth dissatisfaction and anger toward the Kurdish authorities. A new identity is thus emerging among young Kurds within which the political class is viewed as “the other” (Palani 2021, 4). This anti-authority sentiment translates into different manifestations of resistance against, and disengagement with, political processes, ranging from emigration to Europe (NRT 2020), protest movements (Costantini 2020, 6), and potential youth radicalization, which is the main concern of this chapter.

Motive of wandering. About Cinnamon Stores by Bruno Schulz

Motyw błądzenia. O opowiadaniu Sklepy cynamonowe Brunona Schulza

Author(s): Arkadiusz Kołodziejczyk / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Bruno Schulz;

The motive of wandering present in the story written by Bruno Schulz is the center of our interest. The characters of his story often wander because of their spiritual insatiability. Wandering is caused by the imagination of the characters. Threads, which reveal these issues, include the search for cinnamon stores, architecture, spatial Architecture, and hackney carriage ride. // A stray in the world of imagination is at the same time a stray in the real world. The labyrinth is the space of wandering. Life is a cage, a jail (limited by time and space), and the real world is gray, barren; it is an inferno, hell. Jakub and Józio want to escape the ordinariness of life, the material dimension of being. It can be performed through imagination. // Reaching a certain unity, reaching the center is the target of the heroes of the story. However, the satisfaction of spiritual longings can only be achieved beyond life.

Formation of Creative Personality of Students Majoring in «Preschool Education» in the Process of Studying the Methods of Musical Education

Formation of Creative Personality of Students Majoring in «Preschool Education» in the Process of Studying the Methods of Musical Education

Author(s): Yaryna Vyshpinska / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: creative personality;types of musical activity;musical education in the preschool institution;practical work;musical abilities;

The body of the article goes on to discuss the creative models of a student’s personality’s development in the process of mastering the course «Theory and methods of musical education of the preschool children».In general, the teacher's profession accumulates a big number of opportunities for the creative improvement of a would-be teacher's personality. All types of activities used while working with children in the process of mastering the artistic competencies (like fine arts, modeling, designing, appliqué work or musical activities) require not only technical skills, but also sufficient creative imagination, lively idea, the ability to combine different tasks and achieve the goals. Achieving this task is possible if students are involved into the process of mastering the active types of musical activities – singing, musical-rhythmic and instrumental activity, development of aesthetic perception of musical works.While watching the group of students trying to master the musical activity, it is easy to notice that they are good at repeating simple vocal and music-rhythmic exercises. This is due to the young man's ability to imitate. Musical and instrumental activities require much more efforts and attention. It is focused on the types and methods of sound production by the children's musical instruments, the organization of melodic line on the rhythm, the coherence of actions in the collective music: ensemble or the highest form of performance – orchestra. Other effective forms of work include: the phrase-based study of rhythmic and melodic party, the ability to hear and keep the pause, to agree the playing with the musical accompaniment of the conductor, to feel your partner, to follow the instructions of the partiture. All the above-mentioned elements require systematic training and well selected music repertoire. Students find interesting the creative exercises in the course of music-performing activities which develop musical abilities, imagination and interpretive skills of aesthetic perception of music, the complex of improvisational creativity in vocal, musical-rhythmic and instrumental activity. The experiments in verbal coloring of a musical work are interesting too. Due to the fact that children perceive music figuratively, it is necessary for the teacher to learn to speak about music in a creative and vivid way. After all, music as well as poetry or painting, is a considerable emotional expression of feelings, moods, ideas and character. To crown it all, important aspects of the would-be teacher’s creative personality’s development include the opportunities for practical and classroom work at the university, where they can develop the musical abilities of students as well as the professional competence of the would-be specialist in music activity. The period of pedagogical practice is the best time for a student, as it is rich in possibilities and opportunities to form his or her creative personality. In this period in the process of the direct interaction with the preschool-aged children students form their consciousness; improve their methodical abilities and creative individuality in the types of artistic activity.