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Ban Tvrtko I’s wedding place and the Franciscan monastery of “Saint Elias”

Mjesto svadbe bana Tvrtka I i franjevački samostan “Sveti Ilija”

Author(s): Stanko Andrić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 4/2004

Keywords: Ban Tvrtko I; Bosnian (Ðakovo) bishopric; Szentillye; Vinkovci; Ilinci; Modriča; Usora; Franciscans; Bosnian vicariate

This brief contribution discusses the attempts which have been made so far to identify localities mentioned in the donation deed granted to the Bosnian bishopric by the Bosnian ban Tvrtko I on the occasion of his wedding in late 1374. Thanking the bishop Peter for the wedding ceremony and celebration held on the bishopric’s estate called Zenthilie (i.e. Hung. Szentillye, meaning ‘Saint Elias’) and also at the episcopal see (in Ðakovo), Tvrtko donated him a land named Jelsauicha which was situated next to the bishopric’s estate called Dubnicha. The deed itself was dated “in Elias’ village or place” (in uilla seu loco Elye). According to the renowned Croatian historian Vjekoslav Klaiæ, all of these places were situated not in Bosnia, but in present-day Slavonia, north of the Sava river. Klaiæ conflated Szentillye with villa seu locus Elye and identified both of them with present-day village of Ilinci (halfway between Vinkovci and Sremska Mitrovica). Later researchers rightly noted that the donated land of Jelšavica, and consequently also Dubnica, had to be situated in Bosnia. On Szentillye opinions diverged, but no one clearly disproved its equation with Ilinci. The latter is indeed also untenable, because the Bosnian bishopric’s only possession north of the Sava was Ðakovo itself with a large domain around it and along the adjacent stretch of the Sava. Rather than in the distant Ilinci, Szentillye should be primarily looked for within the limits of this spacious domain and most of all around the episcopal town of Ðakovo. On the other hand, ban Tvrtko’s wedding place has been connected by some historians with the Franciscan monastery of/in Saint Elias which Bartholomew of Pisa listed in his catalogue of the Franciscan Order (making part of his De conformitate vitae beati Francisci ad vitam Domini Jesu, written between 1385-90) among the houses of the Bosnian vicariate. “Saint Elias” (locus sancti Helye) figures there among six houses of the custody of Usora, immediately after the leading house in the episcopal Ðakovo (which was actually in the Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia and not in Bosnia, but nevertheless belonged to the Franciscan vicariate of Bosnia). A few researchers proposed to identify this Franciscan “Saint Elias” with either of the two places called Szentillye in the medieval county of Vukovo/Valkó: that is with the present-day town of Vinkovci (thus Diana Vukičević-Samaržija), or with the aforementioned Ilinci (thus Pál Engel). Both possibilities must be discounted, because there is no later trace of a such “Saint Elias” in the records of the Hungarian Observant Franciscan vicariate (later province), which separated itself from Bosnian jurisdiction in 1448. Moreover, Engel’s hypothesis with Ilinci does not fit the geographical scope of the custody of Usora; a monastery supposedly located there would have rather belonged to the neighbouring custody of Mačva/Macsó.

Records about Catholic settlers from Sarajevo in Brod’s oldest registry (1701-1735)

Zapisi o doseljenim sarajevskim katolicima u najstarijoj brodskoj matici (1701.-1735.)

Author(s): Robert Skenderović / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 10/2010

Keywords: Sarajevo; Brod on the Sava (Slavonski Brod); Great Turkish War; 18th century; parish registry.

The emigration of Bosnian Catholic Croats to Slavonia in the 17th century has been the subject of many researches in the past, but some of the issues still remain open. The Great Turkish War (1683-1699) was a turning point not only in the way it shaped the geopolitical picture of South East Europe, but also in the way it shaped the ethnic picture all the way from Hungary to the Adriatic Sea. Eugene of Savoy’s Bosnian campaign of 1697 is one of the most famous episodes from this war. We know that Prince Eugene brought tens of thousands of Catholics and Orthodox Church members from Bosnia to Slavonia on this campaign. We also know that the imperial armies entered Sarajevo during this campaign. The widely known facts about the exodus of a large number of Catholics from Bosnia at the time point to the conclusion that most Catholics living in Sarajevo probably also departed. Historical research over the past few decades discovered that some of the Catholics from Sarajevo settled in Požega. This paper is going to show that even more of them settled in Brod on the Sava, which is proven by the records we encounter in Brod’s oldest registry from the Parish of the Holy Trinity (1701-1735). The records reveal the identity of many former residents of Sarajevo, their intermarriages, and godfather and other connections. Such an analysis also enables us to define their position in Brod’s civil life in the first half of the 19th century.

THE MILITARY COMMANDERS AND MAYORS OF BROD IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES

ZAPOVJEDNICI BRODSKE TVRĐAVE I NAČELNICI GRADA BRODA U 18. I 19. STOLJEĆU

Author(s): Josip Kljajić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 2/2002

This paper was written on the basis of original material from the War Archives in Vienna and relevant Croatian and foreign literature. [...] In the reigns of Maria Theresa and Joseph the authorities and jurisdictions of the military commanders in Brod were diminished. After the organisation of the regiments in the mid-18th century, the military commanders in Brod lost their power and influence over conditions in Slavonian Posavina because of the establishment of new military and political and diplomatic relations between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans. In the mid-18th century, Brod became a military community. The chief people of the community were the local magistrates (i.e., the headmen or mayors). Although they worked with very restricted authorities, only within the community, the military commanders still did not like them, even less the decisions they made, particularly if these impinged on military interests. Mutual intolerance and constant wrangling marked the relations between the Brod military commanders and the community magistrates or mayors. In the second half of the 18th century the military commanders were mainly involved in matters of a military nature – giving shape to the Brod baroque fortification, training of recruits, disciplining the garrison, preparations for war, sanitary supervision and so on. We were able to find out the names and surnames of most of them, or their military rank, the years of duty in Brod of some of them, and a few minor details. After the abolition of the Brod military community in 1786, up to 1820 the Brod military commanders once again decided about matters of a civil nature. Mostly these commanders were retired, or rather prominent officers on active service. It is true that from 1807 to 1820 they were helped in civilian affairs by the local officers. In Military Border Brod, the commanders of the fort (and the fort officers) retained their influence even after the proclamation of Brod as a military community in 1820, and retained this influence right down to the abolition of the Military Border in 1871, retired and influential officers being chosen for the office of mayor. Only after 1881 did the office of mayor become available to the leading citizens of Brod. The names of the commanders and mayors of Brod in the 18th and 19th centuries are listed in tables given in the paper. Research into the important and less important Brod military commanders and mayors also implies investigation of the particular social (Military Border) system in which they lived and worked. In future investigations, attention will be devoted to social structures and the general military and political relations in Brod na Savi in the 18th and 19th centuries.

The 1552 Ottoman invasions in Slavonia according to the Ottoman archival sources

Osmanska osvajanja u Slavoniji 1552. u svjetlu osmanskih arhivskih izvora

Author(s): Dino Mujadžević / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 36/2009

Keywords: Ottoman Empir; the Habsburgs; Early Modern era; conquests; Slavonia

According to Western contemporaries, the 1522 Ottoman invasions in Slavonia struck a major blow to the defence of the Habsburg Slavonia. At the same time, the Bosnian governor gathered his forces and sent them to Slavonia via Gradiški Brod. Yet a new Ottoman attack failed to take place. The central Ottoman powers were either not willing or not capable of sending enough new forces and means to continue their conquest of Slavonia in late 1552 and early 1553. For these reasons as well as because of the increased resistance in the region governed by the Habsburgs, the Ottoman advance was halted, while in Croatia it lasted longer and ended with the temporary occupation of Sisak in 1594. The border between the rivers of Drava and Sava came into existence in 1552 and remained by and large unchanged until the end of the Ottoman rule in Slavonia, at the end of the seventeenth century. The only exception was the fortification of Čazma, which came back into the Habsburg possession in 1606. The Ottoman-Habsburg border of 1552/1606 continued to exist even after the end of the Ottoman rule in the late seventeenth century, but this time as the boundary between Slavonia (in the modern sense of the word) and (Northwestern) Croatia.

Ulama-bey, sanjakbey of Bosnia and Požega

Bosanski i požeški sandžakbeg Ulama-beg

Author(s): Dino Mujadžević / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 60/2011

Keywords: history of Bosnia; history of Slavonia; 16th century; biography; governorship of Ulama-bey

This paper tries to examine the biographies on the basis of Ottoman and Western sources and it tries to assess the historical role of one of the lesser known Bosnian sanjakbeys from the first half of the 16th century, Ulama-bey, who was, at the same time, one of the most significant persons for the final consolidation and stabilization of the Ottoman rule in Slavonia in the middle of 1552. The paper also brings some new data and it makes some small corrections to the conclusions of the older historiography, especially in the field of chronology. Ulama-bey held the position of the Bosnian governor from 1541 to 1547. Then for two years he was the governor of the sanjak Erzurum, and then he returned to Europe and held a position of Požega sanjakbey from 1550 to 1553. During his governorship in Bosnia and in Anadolia he did not leave such a significant mark as his much more famous predecessor Gazi Husrev-bey did, but the Ottoman military successes in Slavonia, under his leadership, demand greater attention to be paid to this Ottoman governor and army commander.

The surroundings of Papuk and Krndija in the Middle Ages:contributions to local history (Part I)

Podgorje Papuka i Krndije u srednjem vijeku: prilozi za lokalnu povijest (prvi dio)

Author(s): Stanko Andrić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 8/2008

Keywords: Papuk; Krndija; mountain; Voćin; Slatinski Drenovac; Orahovica; Middle Ages; Ottoman period (16th – 17th centuries); local history.

This work is a survey of the historical records about the areas situated at the foot of the Papuk and Krndija mountains in the Middle Ages. This continuous mountain range – which is called Sljeme / Szelemen, Mons Poseganus and Pozsegahavasa in medieval sources – separated the county of Požega, to its south, from the neighbouring counties of Križevci (Kõrös) and Baranja on its northern side; and also, in a similar way, the bishopric of Pécs from the bishopric of Zagreb. To a certain degree, the mountain retained its role of administrative delimitation during the period of the Ottoman rule (in the 16th and 17th centuries) as well, when it divided the kaza (judicial district) of Požega from that of Orahovica, both within the boundaries of the sanjak of Požega. After some introductory considerations, in this first part of the survey a compilation of data from primary sources is presented for the area on the northern side of the mountain. Here, the most important settlements, comprising castles and centers of large estates, were Voæin (Atyina), Drenovac (Darnóc) and Orahovica (Raholca). The series of data concerning the church history of these places are provided separately; the parish church of Szent-Kozma-Damján (now hamlet of Kuzma) and the Serb Orthodox monastery near Orahovica (on the territory of the medieval village of Remeta) are also included here. Early modern sources have also been examined and recounted in the survey in so far as they reveal some details about medieval buildings (castles, churches) and their subsequent fate.

The production of wheat, barley and oats in the district of Osijek from 1707 to 1712

Proizvodnja pšenice, ječma i zobi u osječkom okrugu od 1707. do 1712.

Author(s): Milan Vrbanus / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 12/2012

Keywords: wheat; barley; oats; tithe; district of Osijek; production; yield

In this paper the author has striven to present the production of wheat, barley and oats in the district of Osijek during the period from 1707 to 1712. He has accentuated the methodological inadequacies in the analysis of data drawn from the list of the tithes of the Osijek district during the mentioned period of time. By applying quantitative methods the author endeavoured to determine the yields of wheat, barley and oats of that period of time. In doing so he managed to determine oscillations in the production as well as in the average production of the mentioned cereals per household. By using the division of the district of Osijek used by tithe registers the author also ascertained that most of the cereals were produced in the eastern and central part and smaller amounts in the western part of the district. Dividing the households in two groups, according to production quantities, he determined differences in portion of both household categories, in the quantity of the total output as well as in the average production per household. The production of wheat, barley and oats in the district of Osijek declined and at the end of the six-year period it was lower than at the beginning of that period. During that period the production of all three grains, however, increased in 1710 and 1711, although insuffi ciently to reduce the consequences of such a situation during the years of lower yields. The inhabitants of the western part of the district produced the smallest amountsof wheat, barley and oats. That area also provided the smallest average amounts of all cereals per household. The current state of research makes it impossible to determine the reasons for such an occurrence. Indeed, during the entire six-year period, that area was the area with the lowest number of households. The households of the central and eastern part of the district produced quite equal amounts of wheat. The greatest amounts of barley were produced by the inhabitants of the central part of the district, while oats were reaped in the central and eastern part.

Bibliography of the journal Scrinia Slavonica 2001-2010

Bibliografija časopisa Scrinia Slavonica 2001.-2010.

Author(s): Tatjana Melnik,Stanko Andrić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 11/2011

Bibliography of the journal Scrinia Slavonica 2001-2010

Wheat Production in the area of Našice during the First Three Decades of the 18th Century (1701 – 1730)

Proizvodnja pšenice na našičkome području u prva tri desetljeća 18. stoljeća (1701. – 1730.)

Author(s): Milan Vrbanus / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 50/2016

Keywords: Našice; wheat; Early Modern Period

This paper results from an analysis of tithe lists in the area of Našice (individual and collective lists for towns and villages, collective lists for districts) in the period from 1701-1730, as well as two chamber lists of Našice’s nobility, with the aim of determining the amount of wheat produced in this area. The author has used the data on the number of households that paid the tithe in wheat, taken from the individual tithe lists, to determine the amount of wheat grown on the cultivated fields in the rest of the given period. An analysis of the sample size has made it possible to estimate the trends in the size of the crop, whereby the deficiency of such speculations has been clearly indicated. The analysis of the sample has shown decline in the cultivation of wheat over twenty years within the given period, which was somewhat slower in the lowlands. A further analysis of the number of wheat crosses has indicated their decline in the given period, which leads to the conclusion, with regard to the area of the field that had to be cropped in order to create one cross, that the size of the cultivated fields diminished as well. Wheat production fluctuated greatly during the first three decades of the 18th century. In the first half of the given period, the harvest was far smaller than in the second half. Despite these changes in the production size, one can generally presume that most households could barely secure food for their family members from their own production, let alone obtain enough seed for the following year.

A Convention Centre on the International Road: The Osijek Fair During the Ottoman Period

Uluslararasi Güzergah Üzerinde Bir Ticari Merkez: Osmanli Döneminde Ösek Panayiri

Author(s): Burcu Özgüven / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2010

Keywords: Ottoman trade; Trade routes; Balkan fairs; Osijek; Fairground; Geometrical street pattern,

In the Ottoman Empire the quality of the commercial activity was shaped due to the size of the market area. There existed various building types among the commercial structures, such as „bedesten‟, „arasta‟, „han‟, „kapan‟ etc, as well as periodic large fair areas where international merchants convened once or twice a year. In the early modern period, Balkan fairs became central places on the major arteries from the East towards the West. The fair organization and protection were maintained by the local charitable waqf foundation and local officials. The waqf was responsible for the tax collection and the organization of the fairground. As an example among the Balkan fairs, Osijek Fair was identified with the shops, stables, carts and the guarding troops, where each function was allotted to separate areas. Illustrations display that inner streets of the Osijek Fair were designed according to the geometric pattern, where items were organized and controlled in a rational order. The coach also appears as a crucial transportation vehicle of the early-modern trade. The geometric street pattern and rational distribution of the building lots can also be compared with contemporary fairs in Italy.

POPULATION OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BARANYA FROM THE 16TH TO THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

KRETANJE STANOVNIŠTVA JUGOISTOČNE BARANJE OD 16. DO POČETKA 20. STOLJEĆA U SVJETLU OPĆIH POVIJESNIH PROCESA I POVIJESNODEMOGRAFSKIH IZVORA

Author(s): Luka Jakopčić,Mislav Matišić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 17/2017

Keywords: population; Baranya; historical demography; 16th-20th centuries; rural development; depopulation;

The paper analyses demographic dynamics of southeastern (or Croatian) Baranya from the 16th to the (early) 20th century. The first period (16th-17th c.) corresponds to premodern, cyclical demographic patterns (reign of periodical „ups“ and „downs“). Between 15th and mid 18th c., southeastern Baranya’s demographic „ups“ had probably never breached a treshold of 15.000 inhabitants. On the other side, „downs“ were more dramatic (down to 9.000 souls after Ottoman invasion in the 16th, and to 3.000 after Austrian in the late 17th c.). From the 16th c. onwards, continuous source od Baranya’s demographic regeneration had been imigrations of South Slavic settlers from the south (which gradually changed it from Hungarian to predominantly South Slavic ethnic space). Because of the Slavic (and German) immigration – so mostly mechanical growth of the population – during the last third of the 18th c. most expansive era of southeastern Baranya’s demographic history had began. Between 1767 and 1828 its population grew from ca. 15.000 to 36.000 people (for 140%). However, the population „boom“ of the 19th and 20th c. bypassed it, as the area belonged to Transdanubian regions known for their one-child system. From 1869 to 1910, while whole of the Hungary grew from 11 to 18 million people, population of the southeastern Baranya increased for mere 6.000 people, or 13% (from 45.500 to 51.600). After reaching an absolute population peak in 1971 (56.000), from the 1990s a dramatic downfall began. In 2011 Croatian Baranya counted 39.400 inhabitants which, in terms of population, reverted it back into the early 1830s. Therefore, in its final conslusion, the paper implies that contemporary policies and cultural practices based in a conviction that successful rural regeneration equals demographic regeneration, (re)traditionalisation, etc., are questionable, since it is obvious that changes that have happened so quickly and abruptly cannot simply be undone, nor can former, „anthropocentric“ socio-demographic ways be restored.

Understanding the Slavonian Census of 1698

Vrednovanje slavonskog popisa stanovništva iz 1698. godine

Author(s): Eugene A. Hammel,Kenneth W. Wächter / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 19/1996

Keywords: ethnography; demography; 17th century; household; Slavonian census;

Microsimulation, other demographic tools, and evidence of history and ethnography are used to evaluate an important 17th century household census. Linguistic, ethnographic, and internal evidence allow adjustment of anomalies in census categories. Microsimulation based on historically and ethnographically plausible rates and household formation scenarios produces simulated households in accord with those of the adjusted census. Results permit estimation of the true population of the region, of the and age composition of households under frontier conditions, and the probable future composition of households as the frontier stabilized and land shortage began to exert pressure for greater density and household complexity. These estimates, using new methodology, produce results that conform well to prior analyses by Croatian scholars.

Slavonian Horse-mill as a Predecessor of Joint-stock Companies

Slavonska suvara kao preteča dioničarskog društva

Author(s): Žarko Španiček / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 14/1991

Keywords: co-proprietary mills; horse-driven mill; suvara; capital; Slavonia;

This paper primarily deals with co-proprietary mills, the ways of their use and their management The main object of analysis is horse-driven mill, called »suvara«, from the village of Otok near the town of Vinkovci Horse-mills became established in the first half of 18th century in the Eastern Slavonia, particularly in the surroundings of the towns of Vinkovci and Županja, their building being animated by the authorities of the Military Border. Those horse-mills were established and used as co-proprietary mills. Horse-mills, as well as other co-proprietary mills, were built by the means of entering into partnerships of small individual shares, because such an expensive undertaking was not possible for a single peasant. The principle of concentration of capital of a lot of small private owners will fully develop joint-stock companies that will enable enormous enlargement of production as well as the foundation of huge enterprises. Shareholder is a joint owner who, in accordance with the number and value of his shares, has the right to get the part of the profit (dividends), to vote at the assembly, as well as the possibility to elect and to be elected a member of joint-stock-company authorities. By the same analogy, a horse-mill joint owner has the right to get a part of income (miller’s toll), to take part in making decisions and the possibility to get duty in the management of the mill. Collective labor is not characteristic of coproprietaiy-mills production because they are communities of ownership, not communities of work. This feature, together with the appearance of the wage laborer-miller, are typical of the capitalist production relations. Co-proprietary relationships in the rural mills are even more similar to the joint-stock-company principles in those mills where the proportion between co-proprietary participation and the amount of income was established. However, rural co-proprietary mills were first of all built to satisfy the needs of their joint owners which makes them still part of the natural economy. Yet, the concentration of means in order to realize greater enterprises, the appearance of wage labor on one hand and the ownership as the origin of income on the other, as well as the proportion between (»proprietary participation and the amount of profit are the embryo of new production relations that had appeared in co-proprietary mill and further developed in capitalism. Slavonian horse-mills thus represent a transitional mode from the traditional-feudal towards capitalist mode of production.

Lech’s Supposed Origins in Croatia: Regarding the Identification of the Rivers Huy and Krupa in the Works of Jan Długosz and Maciej of Miechów

Lech’s Supposed Origins in Croatia: Regarding the Identification of the Rivers Huy and Krupa in the Works of Jan Długosz and Maciej of Miechów

Author(s): Hrvoje Kekez / Language(s): English / Issue: 3 (en)/2019

Keywords: Lech; Croatia; Psary; Krupa; the River Una; legendary origins of the Poles; origo gentis; Renaissance historiography; historical geography;

The present article is a further contribution to the debate on the famous late medieval and early Renaissance narrative of the legendary origins of the Poles. The paper focuses on the legendary castle of ‘Psary’ — the ‘ancestral home’ of Prince Lech, that is on the geographical information given by chroniclers Jan Długosz and Maciej of Miechów in their writings. The author dismisses the identification of ‘Psary’ with Krapina or Pharos (Starigrad on the island of Hvar), arguing that ‘Psary’ was the medieval Minor Pset most likely located on top of Pušačko Hill (Pušačko brdo) in the vicinity of the late medieval castle Krupa (present-day Bosanska Krupa in Bosnia and Herzegovina).

THE CROATIAN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS AND OTTOMAN FISCAL UNITS

THE CROATIAN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS AND OTTOMAN FISCAL UNITS

Author(s): Nenad Moačanin / Language(s): English / Issue: 42-43/1995

Keywords: Croatian rural household; Ottoman fiscal units; 17th century; Demography;

Here I would like to discuss the "how-much-per-hane" question from the comparative angle, i. e. through a comparison of Ottoman and non-Ottoman sources for some Croatian regions, with the final aim of trying to extend the acquired insights to the wider space of Ottoman Balkans in the 17th century. I also hope that this investigation could contribute to the debate on the cizye defterleri and how to use them. By doing this we could offer additional explanations to the phenomenon of the decrease in numbers of cizye-payers in the 17th c. as compared with the figures we have in the 16th century records.

ESTATES OF THE JAKŠIĆ FAMILY IN SLAVONIA AND SREM

ПОСЕДИ ЈАКШИЋА У СЛАВОНИЈИ И СРЕМУ

Author(s): Aleksandar Krstić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 70/2021

Keywords: Stefan Jakšić the Elder; Dmitar Jakšić the Elder; Stefan Jakšić the Younger; Marko Jakšić; Dmitar Jakšić the Younger; Korođ (Kórógy); Árpatarló; Srem (Syrmia); castle; church tithe

The paper discusses data on the estates of the Jakšić family in eastern Slavonia and Srem based mostly on unpublished documents, which has not drawn special attention of the privious historiography. In 1477, the brothers Stefan and Dmitar Jakšić received the Korođ (Kórógy) fortress with the associated possessions in Valkó County from Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus. The estate remained in the possession of the Jakšićs for sixty years, until the fall of Slavonia under Ottoman rule, but the data about it provided by sources are very scarce. An approximate idea of the structure of this estate of the Jakšićs can be obtained on the basis of the census of the Korođ estate from 1469. In Srem County, the Jakšićs owned the castle (castellum) and the market town (oppidum) of Árpatarló with at least six villages and one wasteland, as reported by judicial acts related to the conflict between Marko and Dmitar Jakšić the Younger with the baronial family Geréb of Vingárt over this estate (1496–1498). The document from 1519 concerning the manner of collecting the church tithe from wine in the market town of Árpatarló and its appurtenances gives some new data about Stefan Jakšić the Younger, who died in 1519, before August 20, and not about ten years earlier, as has long been thought. Árpatarló was destroyed in the following years during the Ottoman attacks on Srem, and its exact location is unknown. According to one opinion, Árpatarló is identical with the present-day town of Ruma, and according to another opinion, it was located on the site of Gradina south of the monastery and the settlement of Krušedol.

Healthcare on the Valpovo Manor during the First Decades of Its Existence (1724-1759)

Zdravstvena skrb na valpovačkom vlastelinstvu na temelju vlastelinskih knjiga prihoda i rashoda (od 1724. do 1759.)

Author(s): Milan Vrbanus / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 61/2021

Keywords: Valpovo manor; surgeons; healthcare;

Income and expenditure books were kept on the Valpovo manor, which the paper analyzes for the period from the fiscal year of 1724/25 until 1759. In those years, the income and expenditure ledgers also included data on the financing of healthcare on the estate. For three and a half decades, the activities of local surgeons, as well as those from Osijek and other, unknown locations were financed from the manor treasury. For 35 years there were no surgeons on the manor. The manor covered the costs of healthcare for its officials, as well as its subjects and the local friars. People were often injured during brigand raids or while performing various services on the estate, but the manor even covered the costs of curing those injured while performing agricultural work on their own land, or on allodial farms.

CONVICTS OF THE VALPOVO MANORIAL ESTATE 1812-1847

OSUĐENICI VALPOVAČKOG VLASTELINSTVA 1812.-1847.

Author(s): Petra Kolesarić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 21/2021

Keywords: 19th century; criminal offense; convicts; Valpovo; manorial estate;

Based on the list of the manorial estate court of the Valpovo manorial estate, the paper describes the convicts of the Valpovo manor in the first half of the 19th century. The paper provides a brief overview of the history of the Valpovo manor until 1848, as well as the determinants of the judiciary and court practice in the area of Banska Hrvatska and Virovitica County in the first half of the 19th century. Data from sources on convicts were analyzed using descriptive statistics methods, showing the number of convicts, gender and age structure and their differentiation according to place of birth, year of crime, status (marital status, occupation and / or nationality) and confessional structure (exclusively for the period from 1843 to 1847). Also, data on recidivists and convicts were presented with reference to the criminal offenses of abortion and infanticide. The work is limited in time due to the preservation of sources on convicts and covers the period from 1812 and 1816 to 1847.

Military Operations of General Dünewald in Slavonia in 1687

VOJNE OPERACIJE GENERALA DÜNEWALDA U SLAVONIJI 1687. GODINE

Author(s): Siniša Đuričić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 22/2022

Keywords: H. von Dünewald; Osijek; Požega; Orahovica; F. Aspremont; Ilok;

After the key Habsburg victory at Nagyharsány in August 1687, General Heinrich von Dünewald received the command of a separate corps (Dünewäldischen Corpo), from the supreme commander, duke Charles of Lorraine, which was largely composed of units of Croats from the Military border, on whose lead he forced river Drava into Slavonia and almost entirely liberated it from the Ottomans. Dünewald and his corps first besieged and captured Voćin on September 14, 1687, and began the siege of Valpovo five days later. Following the stark resistance, the Valpovo fortress surrendered on September 30, after which the general sent Colonel Ladron with cavalry to occupy Osijek, which the Ottomans had left after receiving news of the fall of Valpovo. Count Ivan Drašković and Dünewald solemnly entered Osijek on October 5. The corps continued towards Orahovica, which was easily occupied on October 9, with the fall of Požega following on October 12, after being abandoned by Požega beg who left with his army across the Sava. Not having enough men, resources, or time to conquer the last Ottoman strongholds in Slavonia, Gradiška and Slavonski Brod, Dünewald ended his military operations in 1687 by taking care to set up appropriate garrisons in all the newly acquired fortifications and supply them over the winter. In mid-November, he left Slavonia with his army in the hope that the emperor would allow him to go to Silesia to recover his health, and grant his exhausted people comfortable winter quarters in Upper Hungary. General Dünewald's military operations are recorded thanks to letters he sent to the Viennese court in October and November 1687, and in the contemporary press, from which examples of the weekly newspapers in French and German languages are singled out in this paper.

Socialism in the Beginnings of the Workers’ Movement in Croatia and Slavonia: Between Marx and Lassalle

Socijalizam u počecima radničkoga pokreta Hrvatske i Slavonije: između Marxa i Lassallea

Author(s): Karlo Držaić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 63/2022

Keywords: working classes; workers’ movement; socialism; Marx; Lassalle; 19th century; Radnički prijatelj;

The first decades of the second half of the 19th century were a turning point in the history of the Habsburg Monarchy. During the wave of changes that affected the Monarchy at the time, including modernization, the first workers’ societies were founded in Croatia and Slavonia, an early workers’ movement was formed, and modern political movements such as socialism emerged. Starting from contextualization, the author has analysed the formation and operation of the workers’ movement in Croatia and Slavonia during the 1870s. Contrary to previous research, according to which the political ideology of the workers’ movement was based on the socialism of Karl Marx and the First International, the author argues that the development of socialist thought and political practice of the workers’ movement in this period was largely influenced by the ideas of Ferdinand Lassalle and by contacts with the German working classes. Primarily using contemporary newspapers, as the only medium for disseminating ideas that was widely available at the time, the author has analysed the discourse and the main points of the publicly communicated ideology, highlighting the characteristic patterns that the workers’ and socialist movement in Croatia and Slavonia took over from the writings of Lassalle or from the tradition of Lassallian socialism. The conclusion is that the initially dominant ideology of Lassallian socialism was subsequently upgraded with ideas characteristic of Marx’s view of socialism.