Jan Wierzbicki - Veze s poljskom kulturom Stojan D. Vujičić - Puna afirmacija Ervin Prunkl - Pisac za vijekove Peter Horwath - Geograf duše Celia Honksvort - To je svijet! Natalija B. Jakovleva - Veliko zanimanje Verner Creutziger - Sjajne etide Olga Kirilova - Goglj i Andrić... Snežana Johan - Neiscrpan izvor Per Jacobsen - I prije Nobelove nagrade...
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Vilmos Ágoston writes an essayistic piece on the two Holocaust encyclopedias that Randolph Braham edited, one on the mother country Hungary and one on Transylvania
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Keywords: epoca romană; Gurile Dunării; ceramica romană; ceramica autohtonă; l’époque romaine; les Bouches du Danube; la céramique romaine; la céramique autochtone.
En raison de la complexité des problèmes posés par la domination romaine à l’embouchure du Danube, la permanence et la continuité de la population autochtone restent les facteurs sine qua none dans la compréhension du phénomène de la romanisation. Dans le contexte des recherches concernant l’évolution de la culture matérielle de la population autochtone de la zone septentrionale de la Mésie Inférieure, les observations et les études sur la production de céramique présentent un intérêt à part. La céramique locale comprend tous les produits de tradition autochtone, modelés à la main ou au tour et les produits de la céramique romaine habituelle, qui, selon la qualité de la pâte, le dégraissant et la couleur, révèlent l’existence des centres locaux de façonnage. Exclusivement géto-dace, la céramique modelée à la main se remarque par l’utilisation d’une technique traditionnelle pour la préparation de la pâte. Celle-ci est composée de tessons pilés ou de petits cailloux. La cuisson insuffisante donne aux récipients une couleur spécifique, allant du maron-foncé au brun rougeâtre jusqu’au rouge brique. Il y a des vases qui présentent des surfaces irrégulières quelquefois déformées ; mais, généralement les parois extérieures sont exécutées avec soin, enduites d’une couche fine de glaise, parfois lustrées. Sous l’influence de la poterie de l’époque romaine, la céramique confectionnée au tour, de tradition autochtone, se distingue par la qualité de la pâte, ayant dans sa composition du sable et de petits cailloux et par les formes qui présentent de nouveaux éléments ; le plus souvent, il y a un rapport d’interdépendance entre la qualité de la pâte et la forme du vase. En ce qui concerne ce type de vases, confectionnés au tour, on observe une tendance à emprunter des éléments de la technique et de la forme autochtone. Cette tendance est plus évidente sur les boc grises. La pâte fine, la cuisson uniforme, l’élégance du profil rappellent l’époque de l’épanouissement de la civilisation Gète du Ier siècle de n.è. Dans la deuxième moitié du IIème siècle et la première moitié du IIIème siècle les formes céramiques rencontrées dans la zone des Bouches du Danube présentent un caractère hybride qui annonce la céramique grise du IVème siècle très répandue sur le territoire de la Roumanie. Nous avons essayés d’encadrer dans la céramique romaine d’origine locale, la vaisselle, le matériel tégulaire, les amphores et le matériel exécuté au moule, selon la qualité et la composition de la pâte. Nous avons inclus dans la catégorie « importation », la céramique fine provenant des centres déjà connus. Sans exclure la possibilité que certains produits considérés importés soient confectionnés dans les autres centres de la Mésie Inférieure, on considère que cette division correspond en général, aux réalités historiques. Une grande quantité de céramique romaine, mise au jour dans les fouilles effectuées au Nord de la Dobroudja, se remarque, soit par une argile dense, sa
More...MICHEL FÉDOU, LA VOIE DU CHRIST. GENÈSES DE LA CHRISTOLOGIE DANS LE CONTEXTE RELIGIEUX DE L’ANTIQUITÉ DU IIe SIÈCLE AU DEBUT DU IVe SIÈCLE, CERF, PARIS 2006, coll. COGITATIO FIDEI 253, 553 p.
More...Le matériel archéologique présenté dans les pages suivantes concerne dans sa plus grande partie des catégories importées de la céramique de l’époque romaine tardive et du début de celle byzantine de Dobroudja. Pour être plus précis, il s’agit, outre un nombre impressionnant d’amphores ou de lampes, tout comme la vaisselle pour le service de la table (vasa escaria) de production africaine (African Red Slip Ware) ou microasiatique (Late Roman C Ware – Phoceean Ware)1. Quelques pièces à caractère plus spécial (dévotionnel) s’ajoutent à celles mentionnées auparavant, notamment les ampoules égyptiennes de St. Ménas ou celles de l’Asie Mineure, qui méritent une discussion séparée, à coté de certains produits des ateliers céramiques locaux (on rappelle ici les lampes, les couvercles de vase ou pour les grands vases à vivres, les dolia).
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Keywords: ellipsis repetition; reflexive verbs; reflexive morpheme; coordination
It is only the aid of large corpora (several billions of words) that enables us to discover some intuitively and spontaneously followed rules of grammar. Different kinds of ellip-sis and non-ellipsis (repetition of a word or a nominal phrase, which – under some con-ditions – can be omitted) can also be governed by such rules. The corpus findings of sen-tence structures as (1) Zastavila se a podívala se na hodinky or (2) Zastavila se a podívala na hodinky (She stopped and looked at her watch) have clearly shown that el-lipsis as well as repetition is a (strict) rule under specific semantic and syntactic conditions.
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Keywords: Yugoslavia; Ivo Lola Ribar; 20th century; anti-fascism; communists;
U ponedeljak 23. aprila u KC Parobrod odigran je za ovdašnje prilike nesvakidašnji performans. Povodom dana rođenja Ive Lole Ribara, omladinskog aktiviste, ilegalca, partijskog rukovodioca KPJ, ratnika, Narodnog heroja, u produkciji Reflektor teatra petoro glumaca je sa izvanrednim nadahnućem Ivinim rečima govorilo o njegovom vremenu i o svevremenim temama: o poimanju pravde, o dužnosti, o odgovornosti, o antifašizmu, o slobodi. U režiji Milene Minje Bogavac – Nina Nešković, Sunčica Milanović, Strahinja Blažić, Nikola Živanović i Đorđe Živadinović Grgur proveli su nas kroz segmente Lolinog života, darujući nam kulturni i društveni događaj koji je odisao duhom jugoslovenskog antifašizma. To je bio samo deo procesa nastanka predstave Smrt fašizmu! O Ribarima i Slobodi, čija premijera se očekuje 9. maja.
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Keywords: Ponto-Danubian Christianity; Romanian historiography; Christianity and ethnogenesis; the archeology of Christianity; Christianity and Gnosticism; Late Antiquity;
The article deals with some issues addressed by the very recent Romanian historiography of Christianity in the ancient space of Romania. The innovative interpretive aspects brought by some researchers and the exceptional role of archaeological research in the study of the history of Pontic-Danubian Christianity in the first millenni-um are highlighted. At the same time, there are some debatable approaches and interpretations, even exagger-ated or erroneous, based only on archaeological discoveries interpreted without any literary and doctrinal sup-port (the antiquity of Christianity in certain areas of ancient Romanian space, the Christian character of some objects, the relationship between Gnosticism and Christianity, etc.), but also some outstanding issues (the rela-tionship between Christianity and ethnogenesis) or still not properly addressed (Christian prosopography, a serious, scientific synthesis of the history of Christianity in the Pontic-Danubian space in the first millennium).
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Keywords: literature; Ivo Andrić; traductology;
Im Buch Kulturemi u romanima Ive Andrića (Kulturspezifika in Ivo Andrićs Romanen) wird ein Vergleich der Kulturspezifika in deutschen und englischen Romanübersetzungen von Ivo Andrićs Na Drini ćuprija (Die Brücke über die Drina) und Travnička hronika (Wesire und Konsuln) angestrebt. Unter dem Begriff „Kulturspezifik“ werden die kulturspezifischen Gegebenheiten, die eine Kultur charakterisieren und die für sie spezifisch sind, zusammengefasst. Es handelt sich um Bezeichnungen für sprachlich und/oder kulturell Fremdes, um Wörter, Ausdrücke, Begriffe etc., die für den Leser, der aus der gleichen Kulturgemeinschaft stammt, innerhalb derer der Originaltext verfasst wurde, leichter zugänglich sind als für den Leser der Übersetzung.Kulturspezifika spielen eine wichtige Rolle in den genannten Romanen – ihre Protagonisten und ihre Weltanschauungen sind unauflöslich in den Rahmen der jahrhundertelangen gesellschaftlich-historischen Prozesse, die in Bosnien stattgefunden haben und die von Andrić meisterhaft beschrieben worden sind, eingebettet. Ohne Auseinandersetzung des Lesers mit dem äußerst komplexen religiösen, politischen und soziokulturellen Kontext Bosniens, dessen Verworrenheit sich deutlich in den zahlreichen Kulturspezifika widerspiegelt, sind diese Meisterwerke nicht zu verstehen. Deshalb ist die Aufgabe des Übersetzers, die Besonderheiten des bosnischen Kulturkreises dem nicht-bosnischen Leser näher zu bringen, von so großer Bedeutung. Außerdem wurden diese Romane (vor allem Die Brücke über die Drina) im englisch- und deutschsprachigen Raum als vorzügliche Lektüre für das Verständnis von Nationalitätsproblemen in Bosnien beworben – davon zeugen die paratextuellen Elemente von Andrićs Werken, die im Rahmen dieses Buches genauso detailliert analysiert wurden. Die Chroniken des Nobelpreisträgers dienen somit als Schlüssel für die Annäherung an das „vergessene Land“ und werden von der Leserschaft als repräsentatives literarisches Beispiel für die Begegnung und das Kennenlernen dieses exotischen Kulturraumes angenommen. Deshalb wird es für wichtig erachtet die deutschen und englischen Übersetzungen anhand der Kulturspezifika auf ihre Verschiedenheit hin zu überprüfen. Ziel der Arbeit war es zu erkunden, ob die kulturspezifischen Besonderheiten Bosniens von den verschiedenen Übersetzern identisch übertragen wurden.Das methodologische Gerüst wurde in Anlehnung an Pernilla Rosell Steuers Dissertation (2004) aufgestellt. Sie untersuchte den Roman von Günter Grass Ein weites Feld (1995) in fünf verschiedenen Übersetzungen. Dabei wandte sie die sog. „Transfer-Methode“ des Göttinger Sonderforschungsbereichs „Die literarische Übersetzung“ (SFB 309) an. Die von ihr entworfene übergreifende Skala von Vorgehensweisen zur Übertragung von Kulturspezifika, die ein Kompendium aus mehreren Theorien unterschiedlicher Übersetzungswissenschaftler darstellt und von Übernahme bis zur Auslassung reicht, bildete die Grundlage für diese Untersuchung.
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Keywords: Christianity; Roman Empire; Danubian Limes; Dobrodja; Lower Danube; dioceses; prefectures;
The presence of elements of the Dacian and Roman material culture and the absence of elements specific to the Sarmathian or Germanic tribes have determined us to attribute many of these habitats to the natives (Bratei, Tega, Stupini, Gropsani, etc.); as far as the Goths are concerned, we can attribute to them, with certainty, only burial cemeteries (Sântana de Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Palatca). One can also note the existence of numerous agglomerations from the 5th century and the beginning of the 6th century, or from the 7th century (many of them are superimposed on the others, older, from the 3rd-4th centuries). The adoption of the Christian belief determines every human community to pass, not only from the spiritual point of view, into a higher stage of development. Its spread is possible only in communities which have reached a higher stage of organization, representing a spiritual unity. Monotheism cannot be conceived without political unity. This is why the Roman Empire represented the favorable framework for the development and propagation of Christianity. Moreover, the Christians form, from now on, a ,,nation” whose culture and civilization are distinguished from the others.
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Keywords: Travnik; prkos; rat; verbalna i neverbalna komunikacija;
Ivo Andrić u svojim djelima naglašava čovjeka kao biće sa svim manama i vrlinama koji ga čine čovjekom. Prikazuje zlo, ljudske nagone, nemirnu savjest, izopačenosti ostale pojave koje utječu na čovjeka i njegovo ponašanje. U najpoznatijem Andrićevu povijesnom djelu Travnička kronika do izražaja dolazi obični travnički život, pomutnja nastala dolaskom stranaca te neprihvaćanje istih. Također, prikazan je i pogled stranaca na život u Travniku u doba Osmanskog Carstva. Andrić turskim uzrečicama, smiješnim poštapalicama i anegdotama, čitatelju pokušava dočarati suživot muslimana, kršćana i Židova u Travniku za vrijeme Drugoga svjetskog rata. Prikazana je važnost komunikacije, pregovaranja, slušanja i osluškivanja pozadine između političkih subjekata tijekom ratnog vremena te posljedice prilikom komplikacije istih. Uz verbalnu, istaknuta je i neverbalna komunikacija kojom su tadašnji Travničani pokazivali brojne reakcije poput negodovanja, žalosti, bijesa. Travnička kronika djelo je bogato etnološkim, kulturno-povijesnim, tradicijskim i ostalim vrijednostima koje je Andrić odlično prikazao kroz brojne likove, a posebice glavne likove, austrijskog i francuskog konzula.
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Keywords: Christianity; missionaries; Saint Paul; Saint Apostle Andrew; Scythia Minor; Dacia; Roman Empire;
Our study includes, for the most part, aspects concerning the genesis and the evolution of the way of life of the Daco-Roman population in the first millenium. This corresponds directly to the spiritual specificity of the population we are talking about, an idea to which we have tried to relate permanently. The missionary work in the Balkan Peninsula, Macedonia, Greece, Illyricum, among other regions, is due to Saint Paul, a true apostle of the peoples, and his disciples. With regard to the territory located between the Carpathians, the Danube and the Euxin Bridge, it is considered that the work of evangelization, at least for Scythia Minor, would have belonged to the Holy Apostle Andrew. Opinions that attempt to identify the Scythia of literary sources with the Scythia Major do not stand up to more detailed analysis and cannot be consistent with the reality found on the ground. But it is true that the Byzantine historians kept, until late in the Middle Ages, the ancient names and, then, the recourse to Scythia is not out of place. It is very unlikely that the Apostles present in the New Testament and in the patriotic scriptures traveled through all the provinces, spreading the Gospel in a time when Jacob, the brother of Jesus Christ and the head of the Church of Jerusalem, did not want to see it spread among the ,,peoples”; Paul, on the other hand, wanted it, and the others – John, Peter – had doubts about it. It is even possible that the other apostles, with the exception of Paul, thought only of the Jews. The new religion also had a different status in the Empire in the various periods. Some emperors persecuted their followers, others (like Gallienus, etc.) were very tolerant. The permanent relations with the Empire and its influences, the contact of Christian missionaries and refugees with the native population, the special conditions of the former province played an important role. Christian communities have become more and more numerous and powerful. An important contribution to the spread of the new religion in the northern Danubian regions was made also by the captives taken from the Empire. Probably the best known of the South Danubian missionaries was Wulfila. Wulfila, bishop of the Christians of the country of the Goths, also propagated among the Daco-Roman natives. The persecution begun by Athanaric forced Wulfila to flee south of the Danube, but contact with the land of the Goths continued. He remained an intermediary between the Goths and Emperor Valens.
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Keywords: Ivo Andrić; Literature; Diary; Funeral of Ivo Andrić;
Prošlo je skoro mjesec dana od kako je umro i sahranjen Ivo An- drić. Sahranjen je, bolje rečeno, dotureno mu je tijelo u krematorijum 13. marta ove godine a ja još uvijek ne zapisah ni riječ o tome. Bio sam prisutan govorima na ceremoniji ispraćaja na Novom groblju u Beogradu a prije toga obiđoh kovčeg s njegovim tijelom izloženim u Skupštini gra-da Beograda. I, evo, usudih se ipak da nešto zapišem, polako me napušta strah od bijele hartije. Bar kao svjedok i očevidac bez ikakve pretenzije ili pomisli da ču napisati nešto pametno i novo što već nije rečeno o njemu i njegovom djelu. Možda je bolje što ovo zapisivanje počinjem baš sad kad su mi se koliko-toliko slegli i razbistrili utisci jer bi bio grijeh trošiti pra¬zne riječi o čovjeku koji je toliko ekonomisao njima, govorio i pisao samo onda kada je imao šta da kaže, kako je divno rekao, „da riječima bude ti¬jesno a mislima prostrano".
More...Paper contains the remarks on funeral customs of the Germanic tribes in the Barbaricum. The main idea of the study is, that the grave finds (objects used during the funeral ceremony) are personalized, in the sense of concrete property, but also in the sense of being ‘alive’ as well.
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Keywords: hands; hard work; partisan resistance; regionalism; paintings;
The article explains the aesthetic element of the hand in the artworks of Slovenian regionalist painter Ive Šubic (1922–1989). It elaborates the reasons why the author believes that Šubic’s work was a unique combination of regionalism and partisan art. During his professional life, after he participated in the partisan uprising against occupational forces in WW II, Šubic was considered a genuine partisan painter. He was highly praised by the Communist establishment, and he received several prestige awards. However, after the middle of the 1950s, when he slowly and quietly withdrew from the public life, he gradually became nostalgic. The hands on his paintings and public murals, portrayed as overworked hands with thick fingers and knuckles affected by hard farm work, are the central link between Šubic’s experiences of war and his perception of the once genuine experience of rural life in Poljane Valley, lost for good.
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Keywords: history; psychiatry; Luka Jukić; Ivo Žirovčić;
The development of psychiatry, traceable in Western European countries during the first half of the 19th century, took on significant contours in Croatia with the establishment of the Institute for the Mentally Ill in Stenjevec. A pivotal figure in the early development of psychiatry was Ivo Žirovčić, the director of the mentioned institution, who managed it for an impressive 21 years. Ivo Žirovčić also played a crucial role in the emergence of forensic psychiatry, which, through his forensic evaluations, began to be recognized as a distinct discipline. Unrelated to the psychiatric development processes, the period at the end of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century in Croatia was marked by an unstable political situation culminating in the assassination attempt on the royal commissioner Slavko Cuvaj in 1912. This assassination attempt intertwined psychiatry through the forensic evaluations of Ivo Žirovčić with various political interests and goals. The trial of the young assailant, Luka Jukić, and his accomplices took place in a politically charged atmosphere; where there was public pressure to declare Luka Jukić mentally ill and to send him for treatment at the mental institution. Simultaneously, the state regime demanded a severe punishment for the assailant. In such circumstances, psychiatric evaluations were interpreted through political interests, leaving a significant impact on both the public and professional medical circles.
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Keywords: linguostylistic means; character portrait; spoken language values; stylistic figures; parenthetical expressions; "The Damned Yard "; Ivo Andrić;
The novel "The Damned Yard" depicts life in the Constantinople prison of the same name. Yard is not just any kind of prison, but a space where the writer shows the psychological characterization of the characters: Karađoz, Haim, Ćamil, friar Peter, Zaim and other, secondary characters. We see it as a place of complete alienation from the outside world, in which each prisoner is placed in a precisely defined space and confronted with thoughts about life and being in the yard, which is sometimes interrupted by another character. On one such fabric, Andrić portrays psychological processes of prisoners, especially their way of thinking and reasoning, and their emotional states. The research concluded that when portraying characters, Andrić uses the values of spoken language, stylistic figures such as antithesis, cumulation, epithet, hyperbole and synatresm, and at the level of syntax, parenthetical expressions, and universal statements. It was noticed that Andrić also uses the mentioned figures during the depiction of conditions in the Yard, which inevitably affect the fate of the prisoners.
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