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The Arrival of Foucault in Bohemia: The 'Archaeological' and 'Genealogical' Methods from the Perspective of an Historian

Foucaultův příchod do Čech „Archeologická" a „genealogická" metoda z perspektivy historika

Author(s): Jiří Suk / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 04/2004

The article seeks to characterize the 'archaeological' and 'genealogical' methods, as discussed and practised by the French thinker Michel Foucault in his renowned works from the 1960s and 1970s. It considers Foucaulf s treatment of history, from the early attempt to identify within it the 'other' (hidden) history, which was not written by sovereign Reason (Histoire de lafolie a I'dge classique [1961 and 1972]). He tries to understand and define 'archaeological' as a method of revealing the discursive structu¬res and epistemes of contemporaneous knowledge beginning with the era of the Enlightenment (Les Mots et les choses [1966] and I'Archeologie du savoir [1969]); and eventually also the 'genealogical' as a means of analysing knowledge and power (Sur-veiller etpunir [1975]). Apart from the chief works named here, the article also consi¬ders Foucault's shorter essays and interviews. It tries as well to state ways in which Foucault's concepts can be an inspiration to Czech modern and contemporary history today.

Identity and Onthology of Cruelty: M. Foucault and H. Murakami

Идентичност и онтология на жестокостта: М. Фуко и Х. Мураками

Author(s): Gulzhan Beysenova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 5/2010

Keywords: Identity; personal identity; violence; ontology of violence; “theater of violence“; “modern kind“; “obsolete kind“; “modern evil“; “obsolete evil“; disruption; dispositive culture

The subject of an identity is of current concern subject in western and eastern philosophy, literature and art. In a modern world a social priority persists in appliance of autocratic relationship structure, mixed with the tendency to dissociation between people involving exertion of violence and envy. The subject of violence is the field of expression of human limits of tolerance and patience. In the scene describing the brutal public execution of R. Damien in M. Foucault’s “Discipline and punish: The Birth of the Prison“ a reader undergo basic affection, feel of horror and aversion to discipline of that time and to the “theater of violence“, where such action takes place. Manifestation of violence in sado-masochistic way is the form of covering-up disruption, the absence of distinct transition from the disciplinary techniques of the society to the self-techniques. In this particular case the event of philosophical journey to the world of inside mind, the beginning of transformation of a power institute, dissolution of morals of violent western civilization in the form of so-called meta-narratives of Enlightenment and humanism.

Interpellation and/or Subjectification: the Socialist Subject between Foucault and Althusser

Интерпелация и/или субективация: социалистическият субект между Фуко и Алтюсер

Author(s): Momchil Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3-4/2011

The general problem field of the article can be summed up in this question: what is the subjectivity that produces socialist societies and what research techniques can help objectify it? The article starts from a topical issue in historical studies of socialism: the dilemma of resistance and/or submission of individuals within these societies; it then focuses on the work of historian Jochen Hellbeck, who attempts to take a stand with respect to this dilemma by mobilizing Foucault’s concept of subject. Hellbeck has studied unpublished personal diaries from the time of Stalinism in Russia, in order to show that individuals, instead of being reduced to atomized homunculi in situations of total domination of the Party and government structures, or instead of being crafty manipulators of these structures while pursuing their own interests and goals, can be viewed as „effects“ of power; as such they actively take part in the (re)production of power but inevitably add to it certain changes due to their specific situations. The article problematizes the viewpoint of Hellbeck on the socialist subject by demonstrating the insufficiency of his analyses with respect to concepts such as „ethical care“, „problematization“, „technologies of self“, and „constructing the self as a moral subject“, which we find in the later works of Foucault. Instead of objectifying the different problematizations of subjectivity and technologies of the self in Soviet society in the 1930s, and hence deducing the individual practices of subjectification and their proximity to or distance from the basic moral-political code of construction of Soviet (revolutionary) subjectivity, Hellbeck turns directly to the individuals and their self-construction through socialist ideologemes, in order to show how, through individual experience, the ideological matrix of Stalinism comes to life and functions. The thesis of the article is that Hellbeck abandons the methodological field of subjectivity as understood by Foucault and implicitly uses Althusser’s concept of the subject as produced by and producing the ideological apparatuses of the state and thus leaves undiscussed some important elements of socialist subjectification.

Foucault, First of All, Serves the Making of War

Foucault, najpierw, sluży czynieniu wojny

Author(s): Maria Solarska / Language(s): / Issue: 3/2001

Maria Solarska undertakes an examination of selected aspects of Foucault's vision of history. First of all, she observes that Foucault's writing is characterised by spatial metaphors. His historiography is a description of certain spatial configurations and thus can be inscribed within the contemporary tendencies in historiography which replace the linear notion of time with multiplied duration (durée). Foucault's project requires that he should use geographical terms of description, spatial tropes and architectural figures. Those include his notions of utopia and heterotopia, which Solarska discusses at length in the latter part of her essay pointing to the belligerent overtones of Foucault's statements.

Taming Foucault's socio-pedagogical analyzes – notes from a panel discussion

Oswajanie Foucaulta w analizach społeczno-pedagogicznych – zapis dyskusji panelowej

Author(s): Marek Czyżewski,Ewa Marynowicz-Hetka,Maria Mendel,Astrid Męczkowska-Christiansen,Helena Ostrowicka,Tomasz Szkudlarek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2016

To Disclose Yourself: Power and Constitution of the Sexual Subject in Foucault’s Works

Да разкриеш себе си: власт и сексуален субект при Фуко

Author(s): Lea Vajsova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 44/1/2015

Keywords: discursive regime; subject; sexuality; power relations; power technique

According to Didier Eribon, Foucault should also be interpreted within the movement for sexual freedom, and especially the LGBT movement developed itself, after the Stonewall. However if we reconstruct Foucault’s work on sexuality in this perspective, we shall see that there is a certain critique to the slogan “coming out of the closet” mobilized by the LGBT social movement as containing, presumably, an emancipatory potential. In fact, “to disclose yourself” became an important power technique through which the sexual subject was constituted within psychiatry and psychoanalytical therapy – a process that became possible partly because of a specific discursive regime established during the 19th century. Power technique producing sustainable identity as a core of power domination.

What is Critique? An Essay on Foucault’s Virtue

Що е критика? Опит върху концепцията на Фуко за добродетелта

Author(s): Judith Butler / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 44/1/2015

Keywords: Critique; Essay; Foucault; Virtue; Judith Butler;

Stuart Elden: Foucault and Intellectual History. Interview by Antoinette Koleva on Elden’s book Foucault’s Last Decad

Фуко и интелектуалната история: Интервю на Антоанета Колева със Стюарт Елдън по повод на книгата му "Последното десетилетие на Фуко" (2016)

Author(s): Stuart Elden,Antoaneta Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3-4/2016

In the Interstices of a Possible Ontology of the Present: Between Foucault and Merleau-Ponty (on Judith Revel, Foucault avec Merleau-Ponty. Ontologie politique, présentisme et histoire, 2016)

В промеждутъците на една възможна онтология на настоящето: между Фуко и Мерло-Понти (Вариации по книгата на Жюдит Рьовел, Фуко с Мерло-Понти: политическа онтология, презентизъм и история, 2016)

Author(s): Paula Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3-4/2016

Foucault, Michel: Zrození biopolitiky. Kurz na Collège de France (1978–1979). CDK, translated by Petr Horák. Brno 2009, 351 p.

Foucault, Michel: Zrození biopolitiky. Kurz na Collège de France (1978–1979). CDK, přeložil Petr Horák. Brno 2009, 351 s.

Author(s): Jiří Němec / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 16/2010

Keywords: book review;

Review of: Foucault Michel "Zrození biopolitiky. Kurz na Collège de France (1978–1979)." CDK, translated by Petr Horák. Brno 2009, 351 p. by: Jiří Němec

THE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND RUN-OF-RIVER HYDRO DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY ON THE BASIS OF FOUCAULT'S BIO-POWER, GOVERNMENTALITY AND BIO-POLITICS OF SECURITY CONCEPTS

KÜRESEL İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ VE TÜRKİYE’DE KANAL TİPİ HİDRO-ELEKTRİK SANTRALLERİN FOUCAULT’NUN BİYO-İKTİDAR, YÖNETİMSELLİK VE GÜVENLİĞİN BİYOPOLİTİKASI KAVRAMLARI BAĞLAMINDA ANALİZİ

Author(s): Nahide Konak / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: Bio-power; Paradox of Biopolitics; Liberal Governmentality; Disposable Nature and Life;

By drawing on Foucault's concepts of bio-power, liberal governmentality and the biopolitics of security, this study aims to analyze the transition to green economy in the name of global climate change mitigation as well as the development of run-of river channel-type hydro-electric (HEPP) projects, public debates and controversies over these projects in Turkey. It consists of two main arguments: 1) It argues that the global climate change, which came into effect as a result of the second contradiction of capitalism (O’Connor, 1994), falls into the realm of bio-power, and the official name for the new security dispositif that is presented as a solution to the climate change crisis is transition to the green economy. It further argues that in this transition, the biopolitics of security has been realized through the neo-liberal governmentality of climate change, which began to define and transform the relationship between carbon gas and human beings. 2) It argues that the HEPP projects, which have been shaped by the global climate change, green economy and renewable energy discourses and practices, fall into the realm of bio-power as well as reflect a bio-power conflict.

“I would not shoot this movie if my mother had not permitted”: Reading the Motherland (Ana Yurdu) Movie through Foucault’s Concept of Power

“Annem İzin Vermese Bu Filmi Çekmeyecektim”: Foucault’nun İktidar Kavramı Üzerinden Ana Yurdu Filmi Okuması

Author(s): Velioğlu Metin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: Sp. Iss/2019

Keywords: Turkish cinema; gender; Foucault; Motherland;

Examples of movies that depict the place of women in society in a realistic and a questioning manner are highly limited in both the world cinema in general, and the Turkish cinema in specific. However, an increasing trend has been observed in the recent history of Turkish cinema in terms of independent movies that treat the problems seen in the public order with a woman-oriented approach. Some of these works go beyond the examples from the past and scrutinize current problems regarding the gender norms in a realistic and questioning manner. Motherland (Ana Yurdu, Senem Tüzen, 2015) can be put forward as an example to the distinctive artworks in this regard as it liberates women with the alternative language it has developed in order for depicting this situation.

OLIVIA CUSTER, PENELOPE DEUTSCHER AND SAMIR HADDAD (EDS.), FOUCAULT/DERRIDA FIFTY YEARS LATER: THE FUTURES OF GENEALOGY, DECONSTRUCTION, AND POLITICS, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS, NEW YORK, 2016.

OLIVIA CUSTER, PENELOPE DEUTSCHER AND SAMIR HADDAD (EDS.), FOUCAULT/DERRIDA FIFTY YEARS LATER: THE FUTURES OF GENEALOGY, DECONSTRUCTION, AND POLITICS, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS, NEW YORK, 2016.

Author(s): Marija Velinov / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

Media Wars through the Lens of Cinema Studies: Between Foucault and Baudrillard

Медіа-війни крізь призму Cinema Studies: між Фуко та Бодріяром

Author(s): Lyudmila Sergeevna Gotz / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: cultural studies; media culturology; cinema studies; аrt criticism; media war; M. Foucault; J. Baudrillard; power; simulacrum; the Magician archetype; Trickster;

The Purpose of the Article is to investigate and explicate the cultural messages of the new Walt Disney Pictures studio film «Oz: the Great and Powerful» (2013). This cinematic narrative is a vivid and resonant example of the representations of auto-reflections by creators of film industry about the history, social role and powerful influence of cinema as a medium between creators and recipients of film production. The methodology of the study consists in the use of structural-functional approach, formal analysis, hermeneutic and semiotic analysis, discourse analysis, archetypal and axiological analysis. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the fact that, for the first time within the framework of the Ukrainian cultural studies and cinema studies, it has raised the question about the way in which representatives of the film industry themselves use the means of cinema to problematize, conceptualize and represent media warfare as well as their own role and mission in modern society. Conclusions. The analysis of the representations of the nature of modern power and the role of media, which has been carried out using the example of the film «Oz: the Great and Mighty», has demonstrated the ideas of M. Foucault and J. Baudrillard to be of very high importance. The media representatives’ view of their role in the society is represented by Baudrillard’s «show – power – simulacrum» chain, which constitutes the vicious circle of the modern media world’s way of being. At the same time, the images of power in film narrative are situated between the extreme poles of the dispute between two intellectuals about the nature of power: on the one hand, power is omnipresent (M. Foucault) and, on the other hand, power is a dead simulacrum (J. Baudrillard). The axiological core of a film product is a parodical simulacrum of the traditional ethics and a well-thought-out construct, a media indulgence, which legitimizes and ensures mental destabilization of society, which J. Baudrillard has warned us about.

Yann Algan, Elizabeth Beasley, Daniel Cohen, Martial Foucault, The origins of populism. Investigation into a political and social schism, Paris, Seuil, 2019

Yann Algan, Elizabeth Beasley, Daniel Cohen, Martial Foucault, Les origines du populisme. Enquête sur un schisme politique et social, Paris, Seuil, 2019

Author(s): Ovidiu Gherasim-Proca / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 45/2020

Book review: Paulina Kłos-Czerwińska, “Discourse: An Introduction to Van Dijk, Foucault and Bourdieu”, Wrocław – Washington, D.C. 2015: Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Filologicznej we Wrocławiu, Komisja Nauk Filologicznych PAN, Oddział we Wrocławiu,

Recenzja książki Pauliny Kłos-Czerwińskiej “Discourse: An Introduction to Van Dijk, Foucault and Bourdieu”, Wrocław – Washington, D.C. 2015: Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Filologicznej we Wrocławiu, Komisja Nauk Filologicznych PAN, Oddział we Wrocławiu,

Author(s): Tomasz Sikora / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2017

BERNSTEIN AND FOUCAULT ON EPISTEMIC DIVERSITY AND CURRICULUM TRANSFORMATION

BERNSTEIN AND FOUCAULT ON EPISTEMIC DIVERSITY AND CURRICULUM TRANSFORMATION

Author(s): Victor J. Pitsoe,Thulani Zengele / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: diversity; epistemic diversity; diversity management; decolonizing curriculum; classification and framing; knowledge; power;

Both decolonization and curriculum democratisation have emerged as major talking points in discourses about higher education. The premise of this article is that curriculum change in higher education should be fueled by social context responsiveness, epistemic diversity, pedagogical innovation, classroom practises renewal, and an institutional culture of candour and critical reflection. The Fourth Industrial Revolution and post-COVID-19 pose problems for the existence of epistemic diversity and diversity management in the discourse of curriculum transformation in higher education, according to this conceptual article (4IR). Epistemic diversity and diversity management are concepts that, in our opinion, have the characteristics of an Althusserian Ideological State Apparatus that can advance the political objectives of the post-COVID-19 and 4IR spaces.

FUNCTION OF EDUCATION AT MICHEL FOUCAULT

MİCHEL FOUCAULT’DA EĞİTİMİN İŞLEVİ

Author(s): Gülbaşak Diktaş Yerli / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 85/2023

Keywords: Michel Foucault; Education; The Function of Education;

The purpose of education is to enable people to form desired behaviors. Education, which is considered as the most important institution of the social structure, shapes the society by the government and aims for individuals to acquire the values that will shape the society. Foucault's discourses on education can be explained in three ways as technical political history of education systems, education in the form of moral orthopedics and education in the form of power, communication and power. According to Michel Foucault, it enables educational institutions to reproduce their education and training status by using disciplinary methods and applying supervision techniques to individuals. Supervision practices carried out in educational institutions realize the definitions of subject and knowledge, plan the relations of the society with the individual and the individual with the society, and organize the actions. Foucault aims to identify and define the power fields in the education system in the perspective of the power discourse it has deepened. In modern societies where the relationship between power and knowledge quickly becomes reality, it is important to determine to what extent administrative activities are affected by this process and relationship. The aim of this article is to examine the function of the education system in the perspective of Foucault's studies, its connection with the construction and functions of power, and to discuss the role of education in the surveillance, control and control activities of power. Education covers components in different dimensions and it is important to determine the history of education and power relations in order to analyze the activities of educational institutions. While examining the educational institution, Foucault accepts that the person who is equipped with more information than the other in a reality fiction, directs the other, and conveys the information he has acquired will not be bad. However, it draws attention to the need to avoid the negative reflections of arbitrariness and authority in the education and teaching process.

Foucault, Marx, and the Political Technologies of the Accumulation of Capital

Foucault, Marx, and the Political Technologies of the Accumulation of Capital

Author(s): Momchil Hristov / Language(s): English / Issue: Special/2023

Keywords: Foucault; Marx; capitalism; coercive methods; violence; discipline; reproduction; (primitive) accumulation of capital

Despite the efforts to revise Foucault’s early lecture courses at the Collège de France towards an anti-Marxist interpretation, these lectures constitute an indelible sign of the French philosopher’s fruitful intervention in the field of Marxist analysis of exploitation. I focus on the lectures of 1972–1973 and 1973–1974. As I attempt to show, Foucault’s analytics of power relations, developed in these lectures, helps us understand the embeddedness of political technologies in the process of capital accumulation. My reading concentrates particularly on the role of violence (and different mechanisms and institutions of violence and coercion) not only as a “prelude to the history of capital” (Marx), but as its constant fellow-traveler. As Foucault shows, “apparatuses and techniques of confinement” are means to “accumulate men” for the ends of capitalist production and, in this sense, they are not only indispensable for the reproduction of capital but function also as “levers” of its accumulation.

THE MEANINGS OF MADNESS: THROUGH FOUCAULT TO HUSSERL

THE MEANINGS OF MADNESS: THROUGH FOUCAULT TO HUSSERL

Author(s): Alina Vaisfeld / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2015

Keywords: Michel Foucault; Edmund Husserl; a phenomenological approach to madness; madness and meaning; meaning as constituted and meaning as form; meaning rupture and meaning distortion;

This paper has three objectives: first, to propose that it is philosophically propitious to understand madness as a problem of the order of meaning. Second, to illustrate the intrinsic link between madness and meaning in Michel Foucault’s History of Madness, in which he suggests that the changing nature of madness renders impossible any talk of the meaning of madness. Third, to foreground the shortcomings of Foucault’s account and to provide an alternative approach to the meaning of madness, drawing on a handful of key concepts from Edmund Husserl’s work and centering on a notion of madness as meaning distortion.