Nema sumnje da se komparatistika davno oslobodila prvobitnog proučavanja odnosa između pojedinačnih nacionalnih književnosti posredstvom izvora i uticaja i da je, prekoračivši granice između jezika, kultura i disciplina, između književnosti, umjetnosti, politike i javnog života, krenula putem kulturoloških studija.
More...Keywords: Jozef K.; absurd; alienation; modern man;
Starting point for our work entitled Jozef K and Meursault - transnationality of absurd is found in our characters, also is found in Camus's own vision of Kafka's work as universal, but also turned to apsurd, although he thought that one work can not exist as apsurd and universal at the same time. His conclusions that he bases on Kafka's novels The Trial and The Castle, and he himself is considered to be a preacher of apsurd. His interpretations of Kafka's work Camus collected in his philosophical essay The Myth of Sisyphus entitled "Hope and the Absurd in the work of Franz Kafka".
More...Interdisciplinarnost kao poseban oblik naučnog pristupa koji integriše različita znanja iz tradicionalnih akademskih disciplina i koji se, kao takav, razlikuje od monodisciplinarnosti, multidisciplinarnosti, pluridisciplinarnosti i(li) transdisciplinarnosti, aktualizovao se sedamdesetih godina XX vijeka.
More...Keywords: interpretative anthropology; “the interpretation” of interpretation; communication; individual and mass culture;
As one of the possible topics and problemas within a very wide field of anthropology is reading of culture (as the text), also, question forms and types of media through which content and ,,consumer“ communicate. The process of reading is, in fact, a prelude to a much deeper and more complex relationship of interpretation and construction of thoughts and ideas. Anthropology as an interpretative discipline is trying to make complex interdependent relationship in all aspects of human existence. Its subject is the totality of human society and, therefore, the culture of reading for anthropologists is more interesting as phenomenon of communication, process that creates individual and collective values, interprets human practise and (re)shaps personality than aesthetic estimate.
More...Keywords: boundary; space; spatiality; space “in-between”; relation “outside – inside”;
Alessandro Baricco keeps reminding us that our fragile and evanescent existence is primarily a spatial one. In parallel with specific inter-relations, his “imaginary-real” characters are creating, through a profound, researchoriented, existential wondering and through a special multilayered relationship with the surrounding space which is sometimes rational, sometimes irrational; frequently focused on the phenomenon of spatial boundaries, which is the very interface with “architecture – envelope,” a topic of paramount importance in particular for the theory of architecture and space. This wondering, resulting from the need to observe and watch, runs through almost all of his novels, starting with the “idea” (in fact, a real-life event) which occurred in mid 19th century, of a “crystal palace” and the use of large glass surfaces which obliterate the “outside – inside” boundary, as a harbinger of a new, contemporary era (Lands of Glass, 1991), through issues related to natural phenomena – “where does the sea end?” (Ocean Sea, 1993), all the way to a unique “poetic-technical” description of a specific space of a house – “the porch”, as an answer to the question “where does a home begin?” (City – a novel “envisaged as a city in which stories are neighborhoods while characters are streets”, 1999).
More...Keywords: baroque; barocization of the Serbian language; syntax; Jovan Subotic;
The paper deals with the study of baroque syntactic traits in the biography “Life of Sava Tekelija” written by Jovan Subotić, one of the most active writers of the 19th century. His work, as well as work of many of his contemporaries, is a direct result of the barocization of the Serbian language syntax which was under the influence of the German and Latin syntax, as well as the Polish baroque. By examining the excerpted material, we observed that the most common features of the baroque sentences are: the final position of the verb, the postponement of the attributes, the anteposition of object and provisions, the overrun. A long sentence occurs often, while an anteposition of genitive occurs rarely, as opposed to a large number of cases of postponed genitive. Although syntax parallelism is typical for discourse in the work of Jovan Subotic, it has been rarely found in the material, which can be explained by the nature of biography as a literary type.
More...Keywords: Ernst Jünger; World War I; Ecstasy; Pain; Transgression; Subject; Subjectivity;
In his writings Ernst Jünger describes World War I as an ecstatic event corresponding with an intensified experience and a genesis of an heroic subject. The article outlines important configurations within the configuration of this subject along Jünger’s criticism of modernity and the affirmation of transgressing the subject.
More...Keywords: transcendence; poeticametaphysica; elements of the fantastic;
Searching for the hidden, omnipresent and all-pervading, yet unattainable, plunge into his secrecy, the search for a spiritual archetype - mostly mythical - is,in a broader sense,the basic guideline of Nikolic's all-over artistic sublimation. His metaphysical discourse is not directed toward in the visual representation and disclosure of the secrecy of ulterior, but is in his obvious reflections on the life of his heroes. God, in all, is the only transcendence that they know and accept. There, most often, finish all other questions and possible answers to them. However, Nikolic's emphasized teleological projection gives an advantage to the immanent and it is precisely in this that it is possible to view the essence of his overall relationship between the material or manifested, on the one hand and the ulterior on the other. Fantastic in the film, just as transcendental, no matter how paradoxical it seemed at first glance, Nikolic looked through the prism of concrete reality.
More...Keywords: academic discourse; research article abstracts; grammatical cohesion; reference;
Along with the title, the abstract is a part of the research article that readers first encounter when they want to read a particular article as it provides the most important information related to the article itself. The appealing character of an abstract depends mostly on its content and the way it has been written. This article compares the use of reference as part of grammatical cohesion in mechanical engineering and social science abstracts in English and Serbian. Three types of reference have been analysed, namely personal, demonstrative and comparative in the corpus comprising 25 research article abstracts for each discipline and each language. More frequent use of reference, primarily demonstrative, in the English abstracts implies that their authors use those structures not only to achieve better textual cohesion and density of expression, but also to guide their readers through the text.
More...Keywords: linguistic criteria; sociolinguistic categorization; lexical class; narcissism; parabolic discourse; argumentative situation; idiomatic meaning; prosodic parameters;
The reading and decoding of Dritëro Agolli’s literary works presents us with the principles of a writer who approaches the folk discourse, enriching further the Albanian literary prose. The vital philosophy that the proverbial discourse carries, occupies a special space in his novels, “The splendor and fall of comrade Zylo” (Shkëlqimi dhe rënia e shokut Zylo) (1973) and “The devil’s box”,(Arka e djallit), (1997). Dritëro Agolli has explored and structured many logical and argumentative situations deriving from the folk wisdom. The proverb in Agolli’s prose is perceived and used as a meta-linguistic designation. Fixed patterns, polysemy, internal evolution of semantic meaning and proverbial referents units can be found in this discourse context. Based on the richness of lexical- grammatical value, it is noticed that verbs, nouns, adjectives etc, are the key words which bear the moral, political and cultural aphorisms. Predicate and lexical structures highlighting the proverbial tactics of the characters in Agolli’s prose enable the researcher to understand and explain the transition from the literary to figurative meaning. Proverbs can also be viewed from their prosodic parameters, morphological variations and rhythmic schemes.
More...Keywords: languages in contact; linguistic borrowing; indirect borrowing; direct borrowing; foreign word; foreign loan; loan-word; dialect discourse; standard language; culture;
Language contacts can be studied in three directions: language acquisition; b) language borrowing; c) translation. In this paper all three directions are investigated. The process of language borrowing is analysed on four levels: the phonological, the morphological, the semantic and the syntactic levels. The adaptation of a model (a foreign word) shows two kinds of changes: primary and secondary changes which take place on all four levels. The adaptation on the quoted levels is carried out according to the three types of transphonemization (zero, compromise and free), three types of transmorphemization (zero, compromise and complete) and according to the degree of the change of meaning on the semantic level.
More...Keywords: first person singular; person of the verb; parliamentary discourse;
The use of certain personal pronouns and the person of the verb, i.e. personality, may encode a political ideology and answer the question of whether it is personality-driven politics, politics of group identity or politics based on the polarisation of the positively self-presented in-group and the negatively presented out-group. With this in mind, we explain the use of the pronoun I and the verbs in the first person singular on a corpus of the budget debate conducted in the Parliament of Montenegro in 2009. Comparing the spontaneous discourse of rebuttals with that of parliamentary speeches, which has been prepared in advance, we conclude that there are considerable differences between the two, suggesting that MPs consciously avoid the use of the I-perspective, i.e. that they are aware of the significance of personality and the role that language plays in the creation of political reality. Thus, the first person singular verbs are prevailingly used as metadiscourse.
More...Keywords: Simo Matavulj’s novelistic novel Bakonja fra-Brne; orality; poetics of “voice”; folk literature motifs; false patient; false sinner; magniloquent talker;
In Simo Matavulj’s Bakonja fra-Brne (1892), orality is used as a mask of the authorial status. Alternativity that in the oral entities characterizes the collective knowledge, in the written text is “attributed” to different “voices.” In this paper the notion of voice is taken as a figurative nomination of the orally transposed narrative knowledge. Differences and simmilarities in relation to the previous or ultimate variety help reconstruct the narrative tension. Plot appears on the microlevel of action as a variety of the same. Fra-Brne’s illness is perceived as a plot on the level of more important episode. New sujet flows are being reconstructed by numerous and various interpretations (some think that it is the case of madness, other that it is the vow, atonement, or preparation for the act of endowment).
More...Keywords: LETA; Art and criticism of oblivion;
Review of: Sandra Novkinić - Harald Vajnrih, LETA Umetnost i kritika zaborava
More...Keywords: focalizer; homodiegesis; personal medium; chronotope; semiosphere; archetype;
The paper deals with the poetics of Bašić’s novel In Anotherć's Nest. The novel’s poetic elements include the following segments: thematic-range motives, psychological concretization of the protagonists, and genre syncretism. A phenomenological interpretation of the work includes a contrast between the native, rustic chronotope, on one, and the chronotope imposed by the main character who had lived in the Turkish Empire. The regional motive nucleus is, at the same time, the main motive in Bašić’s novel.
More...Keywords: italiano; neologismi; prestiti; forestierismi; calchi; formazione delle parole; sociolinguistica
Neologismi o neoformazioni sono parole o espressioni nuove, coniate mediante le regole di formazione proprie del sistema lessicale di una lingua, ma non entrate ancora propriamente nell’uso comune, come gadgettistica, sviluppismo, gattizzare... Ogni anno, i dizionari monolingui italiani vengono aggiornati con centinaia di voci nuove. Molte di queste parole arrivano nella lingua italiana come forestierismi già formati, mantenendo pure la forma originale (selfie, Brexit, emoji), mentre altre vengono tradotte e utilizzate come calchi traduzione: post verità dall’inglese post truth, lavaggio del cervello dall’inglese brainwashing ecc. Questo contributo cercherà di dimostrare come le tendenze neologiche nella lingua italiana riflettano non solo l’attualità italiana, ma anche quella globale, nonché i cambiamenti che stanno trasformando la società, talvolta a livello giornaliero, e specialmente nel campo delle nuove tecnologie. A scopo di illustrare queste tendenze, saranno riportati non solo gli esempi più attuali di neologismi, ma anche quelli di voci che, benché da parecchi anni facciano parte integrante dei dizionari e del lessico italiano, sono entrate nella lingua come neologismi e poi a loro volta hanno influenzato la formazione di altri neologismi con la stessa base (Tangentopoli e le sue derivazioni moderne in –poli, con il significato specifico del confisso). Saranno riportati esempi di varie sfere della vita sociale, nonché quelli storicamente rilevanti nel contesto sociale, culturale o politico.
More...Keywords: fenomeno delle migrazioni; discorso mediatico italiano; strategie discorsive; stereotipizzazione negativa dello straniero; accoglienza e diffidenza
Negli ultimi decenni del Novecento le nuove guerre, le pulizie etniche e i disastri ambientali hanno creato un alto numero di migranti e profughi, persone in fuga e in transito che si spostano alla ricerca di migliori condizioni di vita. Dato che l'Europa, e in particolar modo l'Italia, si sentono in pericolo, colpiti dalla sindrome d'invasione per i continui arrivi di immigrati, si sono formati nuovi muri, non solo materiali, ma anche muri e frontiere mentali. Il nuovo clima ha favorito la nascita di parole nuove relative ai movimenti migratori e alla percezione della figura del migrante. Con la crescita del fenomeno, si è diffusa un'epidemia di pregiudizi e stereotipi di fronte alle persone percepite come oggettivamente diverse. I termini e le espressioni, a cui si ricorre per indicare i nuovi arrivati, abbondano di etichette del migrante la cui rappresentazione mediatica risulta per lo più negativa. Da diversi studi che trattano questo argomento si percepisce che il discorso mediatico italiano, centrato sull’emergenza, contribuisce alla stereotipizzazione negativa dello straniero, legata alla criminalità e pericolosità. Secondo Maneri e Dal Lago lo straniero viene percepito come una minaccia alla società italiana ed europea e discriminato innanzitutto dal linguaggio usato per rappresentarlo, mentre la contrapposizione tra Noi e Loro viene rafforzata da generalizzazioni e dall’uso del lessico metaforico. Il corpus che si propone di studiare e analizzare si riferisce agli articoli sul tema delle migrazioni, tratti dai due giornali quotidiani italiani di diffusione nazionale. Si prendono in esame gli articoli pubblicati in due periodi diversi, corrispondenti ai differenti contesti sociopolitici della realtà italiana (settembre 2015 e aprile 2017), e in tal modo si tenta di osservare e studiare la lingua nel suo ruolo da protagonista nella costruzione dell’immagine mediatica dei migranti.
More...Keywords: jezičke obrazovne politike; italijanski jezik; jezičko tržište; jezička utrošivost
Brojni su motivi koji utiču na učenje stranih jezika i izbor jezika koji se uči ili se namerava učiti. Difuzija i distribucija stranih jezika, između ostalog, zavisi od ekonomskih, političkih, kulturnih i tehničko-političkih razloga usaglašenih sa lokalnim potrebama i posebnostima. U odlukama aktera jezičkih politika ili prilikom izbora pojedinaca za koji se jezik opredeliti učestvuje niz činilaca, od onih koji su vezani za strateške potrebe usklađene sa globalnim političkim i ekonomskim pogledima, do onih podstaknutih ličnim razlozima učenika. Italijanski jezik govori skoro 80 miliona govornika, izloženih intenzivnim dinamikama mobilnosti, kako tradicionalnih, tako i onih savremenih, vezanih za turizam i/ili profesionalna opredeljenja. U ekonomsko-proizvodnom smislu, Italija spada u krug najrazvijenih zemalja sveta. Takva situacija stvara brojne i razvijene potrebe za interakcijom na italijanskom jeziku. U ovom prilogu, sledeći potrebe u Evropi poznatih i najvažnijih kompetencija za XXI vek, razmatraju se aktuelne, pretežno obrazovne jezičke politike, snaga jezika, utrošivost i mesto italijanskog jezika u svetu, kao i moguće perspektive pravaca razvoja uloge italijanskog jezika u globalnom i regionalnom kontekstu.
More...Keywords: August Wilson; Baudelaire’s flâneur; Benjamin’s flâneur; Deleuze and Guattari’s A Thousand Plateau; Joe Turner’s Come and Gone; rhizome
Being the constant wanderer for the lost identity in the polyethnic land of America, African Americans bear striking resemblance to the figure of flâneur with dialectical image of local and cosmopolitan citizen of the universe. The spirit of flânerie proves its geographical historical expansion in both postmodern and African American context while its performative action navigates it in dramatic texts. Hence, Wilsonian characters identical with constant existential quest for the lost self can be African American incarnations of flâneur. Drawing on Baudelaire’s definition and Benjamin’s theory of flâneur, this study seeks to demonstrate possible manifestations of African American flâneur in August Wilson’s Joe Turner’s Come and Gone (1986). Moreover, through Deleuze and Guattari’s postmodern theoretical concept of rhizome in A Thousand Plateau (1987), the study aims to explore the postmodern manifestation of flâneur and consequently manifest how it functions to be the means for Wilsonian postmodern recursive dramatic vision that represents mysterious aspects of African Americans life. Flâneur’s versatility appropriates it to be the quintessential manifestation of African Americans inasmuch as the latter’s multifaceted African nature can accommodate the former’s flexibility.
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