Search results for: folia litteraria polonica in Content

Brickwork and the wall as metaphors in Carlo Emilio Gadda’s fiction

Author(s): Joanna Janusz / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

The article analyses the topical motifs of the brickwork, the wall, and the house in the works of Carlo Emilio Gadda, one of the greatest Italian writers of the 20th century. These motifs were part of the writer’s broader writing project, the aim of which was to depict and catalogue the entire material reality. These elements appear as parts of a bigger whole: a safe house and a private impenetrable space, but also as a symbol of limitations, petite bourgeois conventions, and a place of suffering and sacrifice. In utilising architectural elements, Gadda indicated the minutest of details and functions that constitute the whole. By utilising architectural references such as a brickwork or a wall, Gadda made them part of a complex system of metaphorical relations through which he attempted to bridle the chaotic reality. The brickwork and walls of villas, condos, labourers’ flats, rural manors, and towering stone fencings often possessed dual meanings and roles: they separate one from the world and protect them against the chaos of the world, or are the products of the burgher culture – despised by the writer – as well as the marks of its undoubted richness and bad taste. This was why they became the focus of his criticism. In some of his works, they become a symbol of a character’s desire to isolate themselves from the world. At the level of the narrative structure, the motifs of the brickwork and the wall become a pretext for a digressive expanding or a developed pause, which, in turn, produces an effect of a breaking-up of a diegesis, which remains unfinished and fragmented.

Contemporary communication and ratiomorphization of meaning

Author(s): Jan Pleszczyński / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

In the article, I attempted to indicate that in modern communication, i.e. also in social life, ratiomorphism has been appearing. I define it as an unconscious, innate, genetically determined and teleonomically survival-driven cognitive faculties, skills and patterns of behavior present in all living being, including humans. It cannot be, however, associated only with emotions or irrationalism. In modern communication dominated by the new media, ratiomorphism takes on the form of technoratiomorphism. Therefore, it is obvious that ratiomorphism also appears in the sphere of meaning. In the pre-internet era, meaning was associated with rationality and universal values such as truth, goodness, and beauty. In the internet era, there has been a turn towards ratiomorphic values: truth is being replaced with acceptance, goodness with utility, and beauty with attractiveness. Paradoxically, than new strategy for finding and creating meaning is a rational strategy in the contemporary communicational environment.

Cratos, Crisis and Cognition in Reference to Generative Anthropology and the Scene of Language/Culture Origin

Author(s): Magdalena Złocka-Dąbrowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

This article will interpret Cratos, a mythic character and rhetorical personification present in the works of Hesiod and Aeschylus, as a multilayered and metaphoric figure of cognition, defining him in reference to the hypothesis of the origin of language and culture advanced by Eric Gans’s Generative Anthropology. Cratos was a violent oppressor of Prometheus, involved in provoking a crisis among both gods and humanity. This faithful and ruthless performer of the will of Zeus is viewed here as representing one of the deeper cognitive layers of mythological transfer, that is, as a representation of deferred, but always and anywhere prevalent intra-specific violence, the fundamental source and testimony of crisis in human societies.

Culture in the service of politics. The German question and relations between the German Democratic Republic and the Polish People’s Republic

Author(s): Marek Ostrowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

The politics of memory and culture of the Polish People’s Republic alludes to Ideologiekritik in its idiosyncratic way characterized by Marxist utopianism. In reality, this leads to reversing this theory. The causes of fascism are seen in “German imperialism”. For political and strategic reasons the German Democratic Republic becomes one of the main partners of the Polish People’s Republic, with regard to which it is capable of accomplishing the guidelines of its policy in the cultural dimension. This is accompanied by an intensive cultural exchange between the two countries. In the language of official politics manifested, for instance, in the strategy of publishing houses of the Polish People’s Republic the culture of the two countries develop in a parallel fashion, which is an obvious product of the propaganda.

Cyfryzacja szkoły w społeczeństwie informacyjnym (na przykładzie polskich rządowych dokumentów i projektów)

Author(s): Adam Mazurkiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2020

The development of the information technology was not solely focused on innovating the economic area; the changes it caused in the social and educational spheres were equally important. Nowadays, as the development of IT is still in progress, these tendencies are deepening as well. However, schooling is usually hopeless when confronted with the latest technology, which results in the growing distance between the educational institution and the environment in which it functions. A remedy for this problem are to be the actions presented in the government’s projects whose aim is to prepare schooling for the process of digitalisation. The main goal is to integrate the information technologies with schooling curriculums. It is also important to train the teachers so that they know how to transfer the knowledge to their students of different ages. The aim is not to restrict or prevent the students from using computers and being exposed to the informational and communicational technologies as an educational tool, but to make them more functional.

Cyprian Bazylik autorem Proteusa abo Odmieńca

Author(s): Dariusz Chemperek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 45/2020

The anonymous poem Proteus was published in 1564 as the first literary response to Jan Kochanowski’s Satyr albo Dziki mąż (Satyr, or the Wild Man). In this article, authorship of Proteus is attributed on the basis of literary network analysis, the confessional sympathies that are present in the text (the influences of anti-trinitarianism), and the connections to the court of Mikołaj Radziwiłł the Black. The author of Proteus is Cyprian Bazylik, a poet, musician, printer, and translator who in the 1560s was associated with Radziwiłł’s court and was a follower of anti-trinitarianism.

Cyzelowanie. Proces twórczy w stanie podejrzenia w poezji Ewy Lipskiej

Author(s): Ewelina Suszek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2021

The paper provides an analysis and interpretation of selected literary texts by Ewa Lipska, with particular focus on poems: 11 września 2001 [September 11th, 2001] and Kopalnia [The Mine]. In these metapoetic poems, Lipska makes use of jewellery imagery (seemingly unfamiliar to her output) in order to emphasise the processuality of an act of creation, its ethical ambivalence, and its complex sources. The offered interpretations refer, among other things, to theses by Carl Gustav Jung and Pierre Marc de Biasi. Analysing the way in which the poet uses motifs of gemstones and metaphors with a jewel – and also demonstrating strategies of the literary refining of poems – the author of this paper challenges the hypothesis of the end of the ‘goldsmith convention’ in contemporary Polish poetry.

Czy emotikony zagrażają uczuciom? Wpływ komunikacji niewerbalnej na kompetencje interpersonalne młodzieży gimnazjalnej

Author(s): Urszula Izabela Napieraj / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2020

The topic of this article is the influence of non-verbal communication on interpersonal skills of learners at secondary level. The author states that among people of generation of the so-called digital natives a new negative language related phenomenon may be observed, including significant impoverishment of the lexical resources and lack of even basic skills on constructing oral and written expression. An important reason for this state of affairs is a specific displacement of verbal communication (direct conversations, telephone conversations, writing letters or even e-mails) by various kinds of non verbal communication, including the use of iconic and symbolic signs and gesture speech. Graphic way of expressing feelings (emoticons) and gestures more and more often replace real expression of emotions based on the key principles of interpersonal communication, which often leads to significant impoverishment of emotional expression in direct relations.

Czy media muszą być etyczne? Miejsce wartości moralnych w przekazach medialnych

Author(s): Wanda Chruściel / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2020

The article is a theoretical reflection on the issue of the place of moral values in media coverage. The text is a review and an attempt to systematically review knowledge based on Polish theological, moral, media and philosophical literature, without referring to the author's empirical research. The article presents among others the following issues related to the question contained in the title "Do media have to be ethical?": journalistic objectivity, truth and values in the media, propaganda and manipulative interactions.

Czytelnictwo uczniów szkół podstawowych. Wyniki badań przeprowadzonych wśród uczniów klas szóstych

Author(s): Karolina Żuk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2019

The article constitutes an analysis of a survey conducted among 6th-grade students from Będzin. The survey concerned reading habits and preferences of students enrolled in ten different schools. Moreover, the article presents the level of active readership in Poland as well as the number of readers registered in the libraries of the Silesian Voivodeship. The results of the survey were divided according to gender in order to emphasize the differences in reading interests and activity. Among others, the study discusses the level of interest in books on the compulsory reading list as well as other types of publications, the number of books read per month, opinions concerning the attractiveness of reading as an activity, and the various methods of acquiring books. Moreover, the study describes the influence of the home environment on reading habits, establishes the frequency of visiting libraries and bookshops, and discusses the independence in the choice of books as well as reading preferences in general.

Deception in negotiations. Creating the vision of desired states

Author(s): Zbigniew Nęcki,Szymon Nęcki / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

The article offers an analysis of the topic of negotiations, from the most concreto area (finances) to the most abstract (status and feelings), and then an analysis of the many meanings of the term profit, which in negotiations has three areas: mine, yours, or shared. Yet the estimation of profit requires a comparison with the idealsituation expectations or with other empirically available kinds of goods (profit). In all these, it is possible to modify the vision of a situation through tinkering or even systemic deception via the image of an anchor point, the extreme value. The concept of neuro-linguistic programming in particular includes a rich set of verbal manipulations, which may reflect the hidden intentions of a negotiating party. Even in an individual’s cognitive system, there exist tendencies for tinkering with the image of truth in order to protect the person’s good opinion of themselves. In the other part of the article, the authors discussed seven strategies of manipulation which are used in Polish business practice.

Decomposing the asylum in Samuel Beckett’s Malone Dies: Genetic criticism and the author

Author(s): James Little / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

This article focuses on Samuel Beckett’s use of the asylum in his novel Malone Dies to explore the role of non-textual elements in genetic criticism (the study of a writer’s creative process through the analysis of their compositional manuscripts), as well as the function of the author in genetic analysis. Taking as its starting point Iain Bailey’s challenge to genetic critics to account for the biographical author which underpins the discipline’s study of written traces in authorial manuscripts, the article contends that genetic criticism must be used in tandem with other approaches such as historicism when studying spaces like Beckett’s asylums. Though Beckett took a scholarly approach when integrating such material into earlier work, making research notes which can be regarded as part of the genetic dossier, the asylum in Malone Dies – based on Dublin’s Saint John of God Hospital – leaves no such trail of textual breadcrumbs. Therefore, we must pay particular attention to the historical function of Saint John of God’s in order to understand how the asylum works in composition and reception. In doing so, an author existing beyond the written traces they leave behind can retake their place in a necessarily incomplete empirical field over five decades after Roland Barthes prematurely declared their death.

Different faces of old age as perceived by the students of Polish studies

Author(s): Małgorzata Gajak-Toczek / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The aim of the article Different faces of old age as perceived by the students of Polish studies is to present how old teachers perceive old age. The exemplification material consists of three texts: Winter tale. An essay on the old age of Ryszard Przybylski, “The Old Man’s Route”. An attempt at old age politics by Tadeusz Sławek and Lala Jacek Dehnel. Hermeneutical reading allowed for the creation of several images of autumn of life: a painful, marked by suffering attempts to overcome and suffering in a creative act; old age as a possibility of a deeper look at the spiritual dimension of human existence and old age reconciled with the laws of transiting the events immersed in the act of memorization.

Discourse Ethics and Eristic

Author(s): Jens Lemanski / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2021

Eristic has been studied more and more intensively in recent years in philosophy, law, communication theory, logic, proof theory, and A.I. Nevertheless, the modern origins of eristic, which almost all current researchers see in the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, are considered to be a theory of the illegitimate use of logical and rhetorical devices. Thus, eristic seems to violate the norms of discourse ethics. In this paper, I argue that this interpretation of eristic is based on prejudices that contradict the original intention of modern eristic. Eristic is not an art of being right or winning an argument, but an art of protecting oneself from the one who deliberately violates norms of discourse ethics to gain argumentative acceptance. For this reason, eristic must be seen as a discipline of Enlightenment philosophy and a correlate of discourse ethics. Especially in the age of alternative facts and post-factual politics, this makes eristic a valuable discipline.

Does standard interpretation exist? Empirical verification of selected assumptions of communicational grammar

Author(s): Anita Filipczak-Białkowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

The article poses a major study question: “Does standard interpretation exist?” In the methodology of communicational grammar, to which the author refers, standard interpretation is defined as a generalised pattern of the analysis of a communication by a virtual recipient, which consists of constructing basic, mutually cooperating elements of meaning. An empirical test was applied to the assumption that, despite the fact that the reception of a communication is a subjective process, its course is to some extent pre-determined, since a recipient, at certain stages of interpretation, progresses through specific standard references, common for most speakers of a language, while the later subjective extension of the interpretation will not contradict those standards. The article presents the results, the aims, methods, and the results of a survey study conducted to verify the assumption about the existence of a standard interpretation, one of the major assumptions of communicational grammar being developed by A. Awdiejew and G. Habrajska.

Drzewa w "Listach moralnych" Seneki Filozofa

Author(s): Dominika Budzanowska-Weglenda / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2020

Seneca the Younger in his Moral Epistles appears as a Stoic philosopher, giving his friend, Lucilius, many practical tips. He illustrates these with various examples from life and the world around it, and also refers to trees. He equates Stoic wisdom to a forest or fruiting tree, the forest helps him reflect on God. The philosopher explains that trees as beings having prototypes and as bodily creatures, but without spirit or reason, and therefore of real good. In some statements, Seneca criticises the contemporaneous love for luxury – he praises the people of the golden age, who were content with what nature gave them, lived in trees, and made clothes out of trees. However, wooden walls and ceilings covered with marble and gold do not bring people happiness. The trees also show him how much time has passed and the falling leaves remind him of the inevitability of death. Dealing with agriculture can be important in old age, give pleasure, and be useful.

Dydaktyczne i komunikacyjne aspekty e-edukacji akademickiej

Author(s): Agnieszka Wierzbicka / Language(s): Polish

Since the late 90s of the 20th century, e-learning and its variants: blended learning, mobile learning; have become rapidly developing forms of education in Poland. Although acknowledging its legal status as an element of higher education lasted almost ten years, the lengthy process did not slow down the development of e-learning. The growing number of participants of e-classes, and graduates of distance studies proves the increase of trust put in this form of education. The aim of the research is to analyse didactic issues and linguistic phenomena occurring in e-academic education, the presence of which results from the nature of communication typical of educational discourse, but also from network communication. A theoretical introduction is followed by the analytical part of the research (chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). In the analysis of didactic phenomena (chapter 2), particular emphasis is put on creating the concept of a methodical e-classroom project that can be implemented in five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The supplementary element of this description is the case study (chapter 3) based on the e-course (e-lecture on the subject of the Polish language culture taught by the author at the department of the Polish philology at the University of Lodz in the academic year 2016/2017). The subsequent chapters (4, 5 and 6) focus on the analysis of linguistic phenomena occurring during various online classes conducted at three Lodz universities: the University of Lodz, Prof. J. Chechliński Higher University of Finance and Information Technology in Łódź, and the Polish Virtual University. The considerations of communication as it is performed during e-classes fall within the broad scope of language pragmatics, because they concern intentional communication activities and semantic structures that organize a language message.

Dylematy epoki postyczniowej. Księga ofiarowana Bogdanowi Mazanowi w siedemdziesiątą rocznicę urodzin

Author(s): Jakub Z. Lichański,Jarosław Ławski,Anna Janicka,Tomasz Sobieraj,Tadeusz Budrewicz,Tadeusz Bujnicki,Aneta Mazur,Dorota Samborska-Kukuć,Zdzisława Mokranowska,Maciej Gloger,Magdalena Pietrzak,Ewa Kosowska,Barbara Bogołębska,Daniel Kalinowski,Elżbieta Umińska-Tytoń,Jan Tomkowski,Ewa Owczarz,Ewa Ihnatowicz,Beata K. Obsulewicz,Renata Stachura-Lupa,Grażyna Borkowska,Maria Jolanta Olszewska,Hanna Ratuszna,Katarzyna Badowska,Małgorzata Okulicz-Kozaryn,Radosław Okulicz-Kozaryn,Wojciech Gutowski,Małgorzata Domagalska,Alicja Mazan-Mazurkiewicz,Adam Mazurkiewicz / Language(s): Polish

Prof. dr hab. Bogdan Mazan (born on 25 March 1948) is one of the most eminent Polish researchers of 19th century literature. The Professor's abundant (over 150 publications) scientific output consists of, among others, of works on the general concept of positivist worldview, monographs devoted to writers of that time: Henryk Sienkiewicz, Aleksander Świętochowski, but also Maria Konopnicka, Józef Ignacy Kraszewski, Eliza Orzeszkowa, Adolf Dygasiński, Władysław Stanisław Reymont. Bogdan Mazan’s numerous scientific articles concern epistolography, censorship and Aesopian language, literary utopia and bovarism, biblical topics and border experiences, the literary life of Łódź and the region, and Far Eastern culture. The editors of the volume have made sure this would not turn out as a random mix of articles. The idea to combine them into a unique whole has in my view been fully validated. This is a dose of excellent historical literary and interpretative work abounding in original discoveries and remarkable insights, as well as an engaging and inspiring read.

Dyskursywna analiza wizerunku realizowana na materiale empirycznym

Author(s): Anna Barańska-Szmitko / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The method of discursive image analysis realized on the empirical material was presented in this chapter. It is AN authorial method of image research which combines social sciences research methods with linguistics methodological solutions. This chapter presents the aim of the method, the range of research subjects, material, elements of research procedure, analytical tools, capabilities and limitations of the method.

Dźwięk w naszych domach

O akustycznych strategiach marketingowych marki IKEA

Author(s): Maciej Guzy / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 163-164/2021

The article aims to analyse a sonic turn in IKEA marketing practices that can be observed since 2017. The selection of advertisements that are presented in the paper is studied from two perspectives. Firstly, as a capitalist strategy of producing a demand for a certain product allowing to reperform acoustic harmony that is inherently connected to the notion of a home in western culture. Secondly, in quite the opposite way, as a possible aesthetic impulse capable of changing the consumers’ perception of indoor soundscapes. The frame for this research is mainly Brandon LaBelle’s sound studies theory and Chantal Mouffe’s political theory.