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Democratic changes, political pluralism, and elections in the Brod-Posavlje County area from 1990 to 1993 (Part one)

Demokratske promjene, uvođenje višestranačja i izbori na području Brodsko-posavske županije od 1990. do 1993. (Prvi dio)

Author(s): Mario Kevo,Ivan Jelić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 5/2005

Keywords: Republic of Croatia; Brod-Posavina County; Slavonski Brod; Nova Gradiška; democratic changes; political pluralism; political parties; parliamentary and local elections

On the basis of published documents, newspaper articles, party-issued publications and other literature the authors of this paper address the issue of democratic changes, of the introduction of a multiparty political system, elections and the election results in the Brod-Posavina County between 1990 and 1993. Namely, prior to the constitution of counties as forms of local self-government in the Republic of Croatia towards the end of 1992, the territory of the then Socialist Republic of Croatia used to be divided in municipalities. This area comprised the municipalities of Slavonski Brod and Nova Gradiška, which, following the aforementioned reforms of the local administration and self-administration, merged into a single territorial administrative unit, the Brod-Posavina County. The paper consists of two parts and charters the political changes ending with elections for the House of Counties to the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia and the local elections of February 7th, 1993. The first part of the paper addresses the transformation of the political realm, the emergence of the first political parties and their functioning in the multiparty political system. This system used to be a completely unfamiliar concept in the whole of Socialist Federalist Republic of Jugoslavia and the Socialist Republic of Croatia from the end of the Second World War. The major portion of the paper is dedicated to the first multiparty elections held in two election rounds on April 22nd/23rd 1990 and May 6th/7th 1990, i.e. to political changes and election results in the municipalities of Nova Gradiška and Slavonski Brod. In the parliamentary and local elections the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) won a landslide victory and thus it alone formed the entire administration in both municipalities. Further, a part of the paper concerns the Referendum on Independence of May 19th, 1991 and the results thereof, which concludes this part of the paper. The attachment lists members of municipal councils in both municipalities as per their party membership, representatives of executive power and members of parliament who won their mandates in that area. The paper also provides insight into voting figures regarding the elections for representatives to the Parliament as well as the distribution of votes as per individual members who ran in the elections.

The chronicles of Grubišno Polje 1990-1991 (Part II)

Grubišnopoljska kronika 1990.-1991. (drugi dio)

Author(s): Ivica Miškulin,Petar Bašić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 10/2010

Keywords: Grubišno Polje (municipality and town); Bilogora; rebel Serbs; Homeland War; Operation Otkos-10; terrorism

Based on available archive and newspaper materials and relevant literature, the authors analyze the events that had taken place in the territory of the Municipality of Grubišno Polje in 1991. After the process of ethnic homogenization of the two largest ethnic communities gained ground, an attempt was made in 1991 to separate a part of the Municipality’s territory from the constitutional and territorial order of the Republic of Croatia by using violence. Faced with armed attacks and other terrorist activities of the rebelling Serbs, the local Croatian authorities were forced to react. The occupied territory was freed in a military campaign at the end of October and the beginning of November 1991. The process of ethnic homogenization of the Municipality’s Serbian population, which got ahead in 1990 on exclusivist, nationalist grounds, logically developed into an armed attempt to separate a part of the Municipality’s territory in 1991 and unite it with the self-proclaimed autonomous Serbian unit in Croatia, which was considered the first step toward the unification of all territories perceived as constituent parts of the imagined Great-Serbian state. The Municipality’s organization of the Serbian Democratic Party, which enjoyed strong support of the local Serbian population, acted as the political backbone of the process. Other political and social organizations enjoying the favor and support of the Serbs followed the same agenda. Local Serbs proved highly susceptible to the propaganda telling them that the new Croatian state, the Republic of Croatia, was an entirely unacceptable framework to live in, since it was in essence, as it was persistently claimed, nothing but a resurrected Independent State of Croatia (NDH). Those were the origins of the events that are going to lead to an armed rebellion of local Serbs in the territory of the Municipality of Grubišno Polje, and soon to an open armed clash. In such circumstances, the organization of Croatian defensive forces was a necessity in the face of brutal attempts of the Serbs to establish an ethnically cleansed territory. At the end of October and the beginning of November 1991 Croatian forces launched a swift attack and managed to defeat the rebel forces completely and free the Municipality’s occupied territories, dealing the first major blow to Serbian expansion in Western Slavonija.

Killed members of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia’s Army from the territory of Serbia proper in POW camps

Stradali pripadnici vojske Kraljevine Jugoslavije sa teritorije uže Srbije u zarobljeničkim logorima

Author(s): Dragan Cvetković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2004

Keywords: Kingdom of Yugoslavia; army; Serbia; POW camps;

One of the subjects to which historiography has not given enough attention is captive soldiers of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia’s Army; thus, their sufferings have not been analyzed adequately either. In the historiographic works, published so far, mostly the approximate numbers of captive and killed soldiers were stated. The aim of this work is to show the sufferings of the soldiers of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia’s Army from the territory of Serbia on the basis of a partly revised register “war victims, 1941-1945”, done in 1964. Register analysis has shown that 68.413 soldiers from the territory of Serbia were taken to captivity and they represent 47,91% of all the captives from the territory of Yugoslavia. 3,70% of soldiers did not survive in captivity and they represent 45,48% of all the members of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia’s Army that had died in captivity and 1,77% of all the soldiers of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia’s Army that had spent a certain period of time in captivity during the war. In the altogether number of the citizens from the territory of Serbia who had died, they represent 2,59%. The captives of Serbian nationality make 97,66% which is the absolute majority among the victims. 81,64% of all the prisoners of war from the territory of Serbia lost their lives under German jurisdiction and for 95,32% of all the captives who had died, a person responsible for their death was established. The analysis of the type of death in POW camps shows that 58,56% of captives died due to bad living conditions in a POW camp, while 23,63% of captives were killed. The most numerous group among the captive soldiers who had died consisted of agriculturalists (63,58%), while the army and police members were the ones who had been killed most frequently (they make 11,82% of the dead). As for the final number of captives, they make 5,62%.

Participants of Our History – Deceased during 2008

Sudionici naše povijesti – umrli 2008. godine

Author(s): Isma Kamberović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 1/2008

The Ćurić Family from Lukavica nad Gračanica

Ćurići iz Lukavice i Gračanice

Author(s): Ešref Ćurić / Language(s): / Issue: 39/2015

Keywords: Ćurići; Lukavica; Prnjavor; Gračanica; Husein Ćurić sin Ibrahima; Husein Ćurić sin Huseina; Ešref Ćurić sin Huseina;

U ovom radu govori se o familiji Ćurić koja je zadnjih stoljeće i pol vezana za naselje Lukavicu, odnosno njen dio – mahalu Prnjavor. Od sredine 20. stoljeća vezana je dosta i za grad Gračanicu. Ovdje se detaljnije govori o jednom njenom dijelu, ogranku, koji potiče od Huseina Ćurića, sina Huseina (oko 1850.-1921.) i njegovog sina Huseina Ćurića (1887.-1955.)

DŽEMAL AND RAZIJA BIJEDIĆ IN GRADAČAC TOWN

DŽEMAL I RAZIJA BIJEDIĆ U GRADAČCU

Author(s): Esad Sarajlić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 9/2017

(U povodu četerdesete godišnjice smrti Džemala i Razije Bijedić) Kažu da svaki čovjek na ovom svijetu ima svoju sudbinu. Neki u to vjeruju, a neki ne vjeruju. Ako sudbina postoji onda je ona bila određena Džemalu i Raziji, da se oni kao mladi ljudi sretnu i upoznaju u Gradačcu i da se vežu za tuzlanski kraj u periodu svoje rane mladosti (Majevicu, Trebavu i Posavinu) a posebno imožda najviše za Gradačac.

Holocaust in Serbia (German Occupation Area) – Numerical Determination and Quantitative Analysis

Холокауст у Србији (немачко окупационо подручје) – нумеричко одређење и квантитативна анализа

Author(s): Dragan Cvetković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2017

Keywords: Holocaust; Jews; occupied Serbia; regions; age; professional and gender structure; concentration camps; Topovske šupe; Sajmište (Judenlager Semlin)

An attempt is made to show the victims of the Jewish community from the territory of occupied Serbia on the basis of the partially revised list “Victims of War 1941–1945”. The article deals with the territorial belonging of the victims of the Jews, their gender, age and professional structure, as well as the circumstances and places of their destruction.

A Soldier’s State? Veterans and the Welfare Regime in Croatia

A Soldier’s State? Veterans and the Welfare Regime in Croatia

Author(s): Danijela Dolenec / Language(s): English / Issue: 14/2017

Keywords: welfare state regimes; Esping Andersen; veterans; political mobilization; Croatia;

The paper theorizes about the type of welfare state that emerged in Croatia post-1990, focusing specifically on ways in which the evolution of welfare programmes for veterans, and the gradual strengthening of veteran organizations as pivotal political actors, impacted its morphology. Croatia currently has a population of around 500,000 registered veterans, which in the mid-1990 started organizing into powerful organizations. Partly in response to this mobilization, from 1994 onwards HDZ governments created a comprehensive institutional architecture of entitlements for veterans, instituting durable material linkages alongside symbolic ties to this population. The prominence of veterans as a pivotal political actor has impacted the development of the welfare regime in Croatia. Strong reliance on the family for a broad range of care work is the central feature Croatia shares with other conservative welfare regimes, while the clientelist character of state-society relations relates it specifically to their Southern variant. Distinctly, the "compensatory" character of welfare programmes, which is characteristic of veteran programmes, and of family policy in Croatia generally, creates contradictory impulses. What seems to have emerged is a specific clientelist variant of a conservative welfare regime, sustained by veteran mobilizations, while at the same time eroded by the dependency, resentment and a myriad of other social impacts of these programmes. Future research on the welfare state in Croatia will hopefully further explore the arguments that this paper brings forward.

Holocaust as an Extreme Form of Civilian Casualties in Occupied Serbia – Numerical Determination and Quantitative Analysis

Холокауст као екстремни облик страдања цивила окупиране Србије – нумеричко одређење и квантитативна анализа

Author(s): Dragan Cvetković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: Holocaust; occupied Serbia; Jews; Serbs; population; regions; gender; age and professional structure; concentration camps

The losses of Jews in the Holocaust were separated from the massive killing of civilians from the territory of occupied Serbia for many reasons. Destined in advance to destruction from the Nazis, Jews accounted to 11.20% of the losses, which was 33.94 times higher than their share in the population of the occupied territory (0.33%). Given the presence in the population, the real losses of the Jews were 36 times bigger then the number of killed Serbs who suffered the greatest number of civilian casualties (80.19%). The extermination of the Jewish community started in the ϐirst year of the war, and unlike all other nations, practically ended by its destruction in 1942, in which they represented two-ϐifths of the losses incurred by then (39.37%). In the Holocaust, destroyed Jews made up one third of the victims of the Belgrade region and two-ϐifths of the civilians losses in Banat. The share of women amongst the exterminated Jews (47.02%) was 3.61 and 1.97 times higher compared to the losses of Serbs and members of other and unknown nationalities, respectively. The Jews accounted for almost a third of all killed women (29.67%) in the occupied territory. Completely destroyed as a nation, Jews had a large share among the casualties under 15 and over 65 years of age (3.27 or 2.32 times more than Serbs), and they accounted for a quarter of all casualties aged up to 15 and a ϐifth of civilian casualties aged 65 and older. Their destruction left a major impact on economic and social development in post war peri od, since they represented one-ϐifth of the losses that businessmen, ofϐi cials and experts, secondary school and university students suffered. The loss of life that was associated with the previous stay in the concentration camp made Jews account for one third of the loss of civilians of the occu pied Serbia who were victims under these circumstances.

FINANCING OF THE YUGOSLAV ARMY IN THE FATHERLAND OF GENERAL MIHAILOVIĆ IN SERBIA (1941-1944)

FINANSIJE JVuO U SRBIJI 1941–1944.

Author(s): Miloš Timotijević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: Money; Gold; Finance; General Mihailović; JVuO; Partisans; British; Milan Nedić; Germans; Serbia

The problem of providing sufficient financial resources for the operations of the Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland (JVuO) headed by General Mihailović, did not only have military consequences (resistance to occupation, quislings, confrontations with partisans), but also affected the relationship with the local population and Western allies, mainly the British. The forces of General Mihailović received gold and money through several channels; first from the Yugoslav mission in Istanbul and then directly by air through parachute packages. A part of the money was collected in the country itself and Mihailović also received certain financial resources directly or indirectly from the occupational government of Milan Nedić. The Germans were trying to stop such activities in any possible way, but as of the second half of 1943 the financing of the Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland was blocked by Great Britain within their policy of supporting the partisan movement and their rejection of General Mihailović. This resulted in the Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland resorting to more informal ways of financing, which came down to the systematic theft of money and valuables from all financial institutions in occupied Serbia. According to existing data, during the war, the forces of General Mihailović received 45,410 golden pounds, 5,000 dollars and 4,500 Napoleon coins from abroad. The total was around 55,000 gold coins, as well as several tens of millions of occupational liras and dinars. This small and insufficient help was not increased significantly by the informal financing during 1944 when, according to the official data of the Nedić Government, they took a total of 1.23 billion dinars from banks, post offices and trains.

In memoriam: Josip Magdić (Ogulin, 19. Mart 1937–26. novembar 2020) ili muzika zvučnih boja

In memoriam: Josip Magdić (Ogulin, 19. Mart 1937–26. novembar 2020) ili muzika zvučnih boja

Author(s): Ivan Čavlović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: Josip Magdić; music; contemporary composer; instrumental ensemble; piano; obituary;

Prije nekoliko dana dobili smo vijest da je Josip Magdić preminuo u svom rodnom Ogulinu. Tako uvijek kada dobijemo vijest o smrti prijatelja, poznanika, kolege, dragog čovjeka, barem nakratko se zamislimo i zaključimo da priroda ili Bog nisu dovoljno dobro udesili rastanke živih s mrtvima, a onda i ostanak mrtvih u sjećanju živih. No, imamo ipak utjehu da neki mrtvi, poput Josipa Magdića, ostaju u svojim djelima, kompozicijama, knjigama, dobrim djelima uostalom.

REVIEWS

Prikazi

Author(s): Darko Dukovski,Josip Mihaljević,Nikica Barić,Danijel Vojak,Gaj Trifković,Tihomir Cipek,Domagoj Tomas,Stjepan Matković,Veronika Završki / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 2/2022

Reviews of: Carla Konta, US public diplomacy in socialist Yugoslavia 1950-70: Soft culture, cold partners (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2020), 202 str.; Zdenko Radelić, Obavještajni centri, Ozna i Udba u Hrvatskoj (1942. – 1954.), knjiga 1 i knjiga 2: Kadrovi (Zagreb: Hrvatski institut za povijest, 2019), 368 + 1174 str.; Complicated Complicity, European Collaboration with Nazi Germany during World War II, Edited by Martina Bitunjac and Julius H. Schoeps (Berlin – München - Boston: De Gruyter, De Gruyter-Oldenbourg, 2021), xix + 350 str.; Mario Šimunković, Đorđe Mihovilović, Masakr nad Romima i Sintima u Hrastini 1945. godine: zločini luburićevaca u zaprešićkom kraju (Zagreb: Javna ustanova Spomen-područje Jasenovac, 2021), 191 str.; Osvrt na prvu komemoraciju romskim (sintskim) žrtvama ustaških jedinica u Mariji Gorici (Marija Gorica, 24. travnja 2022.); Klemen Kocjančič, Red mrtvaške glave pod Alpami: enote in ustanove Waffen-SS na Slovenskem med drugo svetovno vojno (Ljubljana: Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino, 2021), 411 str.; Miroslav Ujdurović, Izabrani članci o narodnooslobodilačkom ratu na Biokovsko-neretvanskom području (Gradac: Općina Gradac, 2021), 308 str.; Milivoj Magdić, U vučjoj jami. Hrvatska politika od Supila do Tita, ur. Stipe Kljajić (Zagreb: Hrvatski institut za povijest, 2021), 174 str.; Lucija Balikić, Najbolje namjere. Britanski i francuski intelektualci i stvaranje Jugoslavije (Zagreb: Srednja Europa, 2022), 146 str.; Franko Mirošević, Hrvatska seljačka stranka u Moslavini 1905. – 1941. (Zagreb: Itg, 2021), 419 str.; Katarina Horvat, Kućna služinčad u Zagrebu 1880. – 1914. (Zagreb: Srednja Europa, 2021), 353 str.

‘ONLY THOSE WHO HAVE SHOWN IN DEED THAT THEY ARE IN FAVOR OF SOCIALIST SELFGOVERNANCE CAN ENGAGE IN WRITING AND TEACHING OF HISTORY’ – THE RISE AND FALL OF ‘VOJVODINIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY’ (1968-1993)

‘ONLY THOSE WHO HAVE SHOWN IN DEED THAT THEY ARE IN FAVOR OF SOCIALIST SELFGOVERNANCE CAN ENGAGE IN WRITING AND TEACHING OF HISTORY’ – THE RISE AND FALL OF ‘VOJVODINIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY’ (1968-1993)

Author(s): Mihael T. Antolović / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: ‘Vojvodinian historiography’; Communism; Vojvodina; Marxism; Ideology

This study examines the phenomenon of the so-called ‘Vojvodinian historiography’ which flourished in the Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina from the late 1960s until the early 1990s as a special kind of party historiography. The paper focuses on the ‘Vojvodinian historiography’s’ institutional framework, theoretical and methodological features and general ideological profile as well as its outcomes. As a result of its close ties with the ruling Communist League of Vojvodina, the political collapse of the Vojvodinian communists marked the disappearance of this extremely ideological kind of historiography.

HISTORICAL IN DOBRICA ĆOSIĆ’S NOVEL “THE SUN IS FAR AWAY”

ISTORIJSKO U ROMANU DOBRICE ĆOSIĆA „DALEKO JE SUNCE“

Author(s): Nemanja Dević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Dobrica Ćosić; Literature; Revolution; Partisan Movement; Civil War

The plot of Dobrica Ćosić’s novel The Sun is Far Away is deeply rooted in the events of 1942-1943, with reference to other war and post-war years. The second layer consists of the writer’s subsequent political ideas and thoughts, which were then attributed to his literary heroes. Ćosić’s early work, with an emphasis on the novel The Sun is Far Away, cannot be viewed as dissident; according to his motives and conclusions, he is politically engaged and completely“on the Party line”. However, the then open dilemma (whether to fight for freedom at all costs) will follow the author in the following period, and his conclusions presented in 1951 will change in the future. The number of identified historical contents in the novel exceeds the initial expectations and it could be said that for all the basic ideas presented in the book, the author had as inspiration specific historical events and personalities. He shaped them through artistic freedoms, but also in accordance with the ideology of the movement to which he belonged. In our opinion, the motives for the creation of the novel in the early post-war years were also political: to present the Partisan Movement to the Serbian people as part of its historical epic vertical; to make a departure from the USSR and present the Partisan struggle as an independently executed, authentic revolution; to point out the betrayal and crimes of the counterrevolution and the Ravna gora Movement (presented in a politically constructed symmetry as “Serbian Ustashas”), and thus to contribute to the war propaganda that was waged against them even then. In that sense, the novel The Sun is Far Away should not be viewed only as a literary fiction, but as a part of engaged literature which had far-reaching consequences in the formation of the historical consciousness of post-war generations.

World War Two as the Source of Legitimisation and Political Mobilisation Today The Case of Ex-Yugoslav Countries: Croatia and Serbia

World War Two as the Source of Legitimisation and Political Mobilisation Today The Case of Ex-Yugoslav Countries: Croatia and Serbia

Author(s): Magdalena Najbar-Agičić / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: National Liberation Battle; Socialist Yugoslavia; ex-Yugoslav countries; politics of memory; legitimisation;

Topics concerning the Second World War are widely present in the public spheres of ex-Yugoslav countries. Owing to the absence of democratic legitimization of the Yugoslav Communist Party’s government and Josip Broz Tito himself, the tale of the National Liberation Battle became the main legitimizing source of their regime and foundation myth of socialist Yugoslavia. Due to that, the partisan struggle from the time of the Second World War was in the limelight of propaganda during the communist regime, but at the same time the Communist Party kept the interpretive monopoly on it. Because this part of history has been turned into a myth and a free debate on the traumas of war has been impossible, the peoples of former Yugoslavia have failed to face and overcome a painful past. Nonetheless, nationalist narratives that saw their own nation as an exclusively innocent victim of others survived the socialist period. In this way, they greatly contributed to the new war of the 1990s.The situation in ex-Yugoslav countries is quite dynamic and complex, and each country has its specifics concerning the memory of WW2, while still it is the, or one of the, fundamental sources used for legitimization by groups aspiring for power and for the mobilization of their supporters everywhere.

The unusual fate of a prisoner of war from Daruvar or how to survive the collapse of the Russian Empire

Neobična sudbina ratnog zarobljenika iz Daruvarskog kraja ili kako preživjeti raspad Ruskog Carstva

Author(s): Zdravko Palavra / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 5-6/2021

Keywords: World War I; memories; diary; Antonin Zamostny; Veliki Zdenci; Russian Empire;

This paper describes the war journey, captivity and homecoming of soldier Antonin Zamostny (1891 – 1955) from Veliki Zdenac near Daruvar during World War I in the territory of the Russian Empire. Zamostny wrote down his memories a year before his death according to the diary he kept from 1914 – 1921. This text is preserved in a 57- page manuscript in the family›s inheritance written with a typewriter under the title „Zapisy z meho života na vojne. Napsano v Vel. Zdencich 12.1 1954. r. dle poznamek z deniku vedeneho od r. 1914-1921.”. In addition, a brief description of the military and political conditions in the Russian Empire during World War I is given, along with rich cartographic and pictorial material.

THE ROLE OF CONCENTRATION CAMPS IN SUPPRESSING THE UPRISING IN SERBIA IN 1941

УЛОГА ЛОГОРА У ГУШЕЊУ УСТАНКА У СРБИЈИ 1941. ГОДИНЕ

Author(s): Milan Koljanin / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: poseban/2022

Keywords: World War II; Yugoslavia; Serbia; occupation; uprising; shootings; Holocaust; camps; internment

The internment of tens of thousands of people in the newly created network of permanent and temporary camps was an important integral part of actions of the occupation forces in Serbia during the suppression of mass insurgent movement in the summer and autumn of 1941. The main purpose of these camps was to be a reservoir of people to be shot for the German losses in the battles with the insurgents in the proportion of 100 for one killed, or 50 for a wounded German soldier or Volksdeutsche. The network of permanent camps consisted of camps at Banjica in Belgrade, Šabac and Niš. For the territory of Banat, a camp was formed in Veliki Bečkerek (today Zrenjanin), ending the formation of a network of permanent camps. They also served as a place of internment of hostages, real or potential opponents of the occupation, but also some other categories of men and women. Starting from April 1942, permanent camps in Serbia were given the function of a source for forced labor in concentration and labor camps in Germany or in occupied countries, including Serbia itself. The main role was played by the camp at the Belgrade Fair and the camp at Banjica, where detainees from other camps were sent for forced labor. This was also the result of a change in policy towards captured insurgents and their sympathizers, which was a reflection of the growing need of the German war economy for labor. In May 1942, the role of the central German camp in Serbia was taken over by the camp at the Belgrade Fair, now under the name Anhaltelager Semlin (Prihvatni logor Zemun). Temporary camps served almost exclusively for the internment of captured members of the insurgent movement, their sympathizers, civilian population and as a source of people for mass shootings. Among temporary camps, the most important were the Transit Camp in the barracks on Senjak, in Šabac and the Jewish Transit Camp Topovske Šupe (Cannon Sheds) in Belgrade. The second camp served exclusively as a source of Jews and Roma for mass shootings and was the main and largest reservoir of these categories of prisoners. The camp ceased to exist at the time of the formation of the Jewish Camp Zemun, which, after the killing of the Jewish prisoners, became the central German camp in occupied Serbia.

Demographic and Actual Losses of Croatian Germans and Hungarians Caused by World War II: Estimates, Calculations and Lists

Demografski i stvarni ljudski gubici hrvatskih Nijemaca i Mađara prouzročeni Drugim svjetskim ratom. Procjene, izračuni i popisi

Author(s): Vladimir Geiger / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 3/2022

Keywords: World War II; Croatia; human losses; Germans; Hungarians;

An overview of the most systematic calculations and estimates of the demographic and actual human losses of Croatian Germans and Hungarians caused by World War II and their comparison, and the comparison of these calculations with indicators in historiographical, popular, and victimological works—and, above all, the much more reliable lists of human losses by name—clearly points towards the need of questioning the reliability of the number of both demographic and actual humans losses of Croatian Germans and Hungarians—and especially the structures of these losses—in the calculations and estimates that are most commonly referred to in Croatian historiography and in the Croatian public scene.The lists of human losses by name that cover Croatia—and Yugoslavia—in World War II, which can never be complete and without error, nonetheless contribute greatly to correcting calculations and estimates of actual human losses. Lists of victims by name cannot be considered final. The fundamental issue with lists of names that were created primarily based on testimonies rather than original documents is that many data providers did not know the circumstances, time, and place that a certain person lost their life. Along with the necessary and unavoidable supplements and corrections in lists of names, there are also noticeable changes in the structure of human losses, including transfers from one national/ethnic group to another, which can also be seen in the case of Croatian Germans and Hungarians.There are clearly serious dilemmas regarding the demographic and actual human losses of Croatian Germans and Hungarians. The number of persons who emigrated, fled, or were expelled from the country, as well as the number of those who were ‘assimilated’, is questionable, and therefore the numbers of actual and demographic human losses of Croatian Germans and Hungarians are also questionable. Namely, the number of those who emigrated, and above all the number of ‘assimilated’ persons, are assumptions or even guesses in even the most systematic calculations. The indicators of the lists by name are indispensable not only in analyses of human losses, most of all actual losses, but also in the corrections of calculations and estimates of demographic human losses of Croatian Germans and Hungarians.There is no doubt that there remains a series of open questions and counter-questions in historiography and victimology regarding the number of demographic and actual human losses of Croatian Germans and Hungarians and the structure of these losses.

AGRARIAN RELATIONS ON THE ISLAND OF MLJET IN THE 19TH CENTURY

AGRARIAN RELATIONS ON THE ISLAND OF MLJET IN THE 19TH CENTURY

Author(s): Marija Gjurašić / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: agrarian relations; feudal relations; serfdom-colonate relations; Mljet; Dalmatia; 19th century;

This paper analyses land property relations on the island of Mljet in the 19th century based on information from different sources, especially cadastre, land registry documentation and inheritance documents. In order to elucidate them, this paper gives an overview of land property relations in other parts of Dalmatia at the time, focusing on the island from the 14th century onwards. Special attention is paid to the difference in land property relations between the eastern and the western part of Mljet in the 19th century.

THE FIRST WAVE OF ROCK'N'ROLL IN YUGOSLAVIA AND ITS IMPACT ON THE SOCIALIST YOUTH

THE FIRST WAVE OF ROCK'N'ROLL IN YUGOSLAVIA AND ITS IMPACT ON THE SOCIALIST YOUTH

Author(s): Mirjam Vida Blagojević / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: rock; socialist youth; new fashion; gender relations; opening to the West; cooperation; youth music press;

By taking advantage of abundant literature that has been written on the subject, the paper aims to give an overview of the history of rock music in Yugoslavia from its introduction in 1956 to the mid-1970s, when the new wave emerged. It also intends to remind the reader of this topic’s relevance and open possible new research questions for history and related fields. Particular emphasis will be placed on the impact that this musical, cultural, social, and political phenomenon had on the lives of Yugoslav and other socialist youth while highlighting the changes rock’n’roll brought to their lives, including opening up to Western cultural influences through new fashion, different forms of youth entertainment, new understanding and redefining of gender relations. Also, the paper will review the cooperation of Yugoslav rock musicians with Eastern Bloc musicians. Through the analysis of articles found in Džuboks, a youth music magazine deemed popular at the time; the paper will attempt to illustrate how the Yugoslav youth rock press helped shape the minds of young people. This paper intends to remind the reader of this topic’s relevance and open possible new research questions for this and related fields.