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TREBOTIĆ AND FORTRESS KLIČEVAC DURING THE OTTOMAN REGIM

TREBOTIĆ AND FORTRESS KLIČEVAC DURING THE OTTOMAN REGIM

Author(s): Aladin Husić / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2017

Keywords: Srebrenica; Ottoman regim;

The fortress Kličevac has been the mistery for a very long time, as well as the county Trebotić where it was situated. Unlike the town that has not been mentioned in the medieval sources until today, Trebotić appeared conitnuously in different charts from 1326 to 1426. Based on these, however, it was not possible to even close determine the place and territory that belonged to the county Trebotić, and as follows not even the locality of fortress Kličevac that has been mentioned in the sources since the 15th century.

TREBOTIĆ AND FORTRESS KLIČEVAC DURING THE OTTOMAN REIGM

TREBOTIĆ I UTVRDA KLIČEVAC U VRIJEME OSMANSKE VLADAVINE

Author(s): Aladin Husić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 6/2017

Keywords: Srebrenica; Ottoman regim;

The fortress Kličevac has been the mistery for a very long time, as well as the county Trebotić where it was situated. Unlike the town that has not been mentioned in the medieval sources until today, Trebotić appeared conitnuously in different charts from 1326 to 1426. Based on these, however, it was not possible to even close determine the place and territory that belonged to the county Trebotić, and as follows not even the locality of fortress Kličevac that has been mentioned in the sources since the 15th century.

MASS GRAVES IN THE ZVORNIK MUNICIPALITY AS MATERIAL EVIDENCE OF THE 1992-95 GENOCIDE AGAINST BOSNIAKS

MASS GRAVES IN THE ZVORNIK MUNICIPALITY AS MATERIAL EVIDENCE OF THE 1992-95 GENOCIDE AGAINST BOSNIAKS

Author(s): Sead Omerbegović,Midhat Čaušević,Medina Salihović / Language(s): English / Issue: 7/2018

Keywords: mass grave; genocide; aggression; war crime; Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Zvornik; Srebrenica;

The paper deals with mass graves in the Zvornik Municipality as a material evidence of genocide against Bosniaks, during the 1992-1995 aggression of Republic of Serbia and Montenegro over Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper elaborates on mass graves in the Zvornik Municipality, where bodies of Bosniaks executed from 1992 to 1995 were thrown. In addition to citizens of Zvornik, in the Zvornik area were killed and thrown into mass graves thousands of Bosniaks from the area of whole Podrinje and Bosnia and Herzegovina, internationally recognized state and the UN member. The most graves were prepared by the aggressor during the execution of genocide in and around the UN Safe Zone Srebrenica in July 1995. Exhumations of mass graves of victims of the genocide were carried out by researchers from the ICTY, the State Commission for Missing Persons, the Federal Commission for Missing Persons, the Commission for Missing Persons of the Republic of Srpska. More than 750 mass graves were found in Bosnia and Herzegovina by the end of 2016. A total of 207 exhumations, out of which 114 were mass graves, were carried out in the area of Zvornik from 19 August 1996 to 25 March 2016. In 114 mass graves, with only 27 cases of primary mass graves, a total of 9,786 victims were exhumed, and 4,997 in the area of “Dolina grobnica (The Valley of Tombs)” Kamenica.

MASS GRAVES IN THE ZVORNIK MUNICIPALITY AS MATERIAL EVIDENCE OF THE 1992-95 GENOCIDE AGAINST BOSNIAKS

MASOVNE GROBNICE NA PODRUČJU OPĆINE ZVORNIK KAO MATERIJALNI DOKAZI GENOCIDA NAD BOŠNJACIMA 1992–1995.

Author(s): Sead Omerbegović,Midhat Čaušević,Medina Salihović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 7/2018

Keywords: mass grave; genocide; aggression; war crime; Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Zvornik; Srebrenica;

U radu se govori o masovnim grobnicama na području općine Zvornik kao materijalnom dokazu genocida nad Bošnjacima u toku agresije Republike Srbije i Crne Gore na Republiku Bosnu i Hercegovinu, u periodu 1992–1995. godine. Obrađene su masovne grobnice na području općine Zvornik, gdje su pobacana tijela Bošnjaka, ubijenih u periodu od 1992–1995. godine. Pored Zvorničana, na području Zvornika ubijeno je i bačeno u masovne grobnice hiljade Bošnjaka s područja cijelog Podrinja i Bosne i Hercegovine, međunarodno priznate države i članice Ujedinjenih nacija. Najviše grobnica je pripremljeno od strane agresora prilikom izvršenja genocida u i oko sigurne zone Ujedinjenih nacija Srebrenice, jula 1995. godine. Ekshumacije masovnih grobnica žrtava genocida vršili su istraživači ICTY-a, Državne komisije za traženje nestalih osoba, Federalne komisije za nestale osobe, Komisije za nestale Republike Srpske. Do kraja 2016. godine u Bosni i Hercegovini je pronađeno preko 750 masovnih grobnica. Na području Zvornika je od 19. augusta 1996. do 25. marta 2016. godine, izvršeno ukupno 207 ekshumacija, od čega se u 114 slučajeva radilo o masovnim grobnicama. U 114 masovnih grobnica, a samo u 27 slučajeva radilo se o primarnim masovnim grobnicama, ukupno je ekshumirano 9.786 žrtava, od čega na prostoru „Doline grobnica“ Kamenice 4997.

POLITICAL TRIALS AGAINST FRANJO TUĐMAN IN SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA

POLITICAL TRIALS AGAINST FRANJO TUĐMAN IN SOCIALIST FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA

Author(s): Domagoj Knežević,Josip Mihaljević / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: Franjo Tuđman; political trials; communism; Socialist Republic of Croatia; Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia;

Franjo Tuđman (1922-1999), who participated in the anti-fascist partisan movement from the beginning of the Second World War in Yugoslavia, in his military career, reached the rank of general. However, in 1961 he abandoned the military service, dedicated himself to historiography and became the first director of the newly established Institute of History of the Labor Movement. For his views and papers in which he reflected on some historical events, he came into conflict with the communist authorities who accused him being „non-Marxist” and nationalist. In 1967 he was expelled from the League of Communists and forced to retire. However, he did not stand still thus began his career as dissident – he was publishing papers on the history of Yugoslavia and Croatian status in the Federation. During the period of Croatian national movement, known as the Croatian Spring, he expressed his views on the Croatian national question in Yugoslavia even more clearly. This led to his arrest, political trial and his conviction to two years in prison in 1972. In 1981 he was sentenced to three years in prison and a ban on every public activity in the period of five years because he gave some interviews to the Western media. Based on so far published court records of the County Court in Zagreb where Tuđman was convicted both times, Tuđman's memoirs and various literature, this article will reconstruct Tuđman’s trials and explain their primary role - to silence any dissident activity and to eliminate alternative view on the history and the national issues within Yugoslavia. The documents from the trials show the pattern of mounted political processes in which the verdict was set in advance. But this case will also show that these political processes had counterfeits significant for the collapse of communism in Croatia.

REVIEW

PRIKAZ

Author(s): Miroslav Sambolek / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 35/1998

Review of: Miroslav Sambolek - DANAŠNJA FINANCIJALNA ZNANOST, HAZU, Zagreb, 1998.

REPUBLIKA Issue 92, May 16-31, 1994

REPUBLIKA Godina VI (1994), Broj 92, 16-31. maj

Author(s): Snežana Nikolić,Olivija Rusovac,Mirko Tepavac,Dragoš Ivanović,Ivan Torov,Gojko Marinković,Vesna Pusić,Aleksandar Nenadović,Rade Veljanovski,Žarko Paunović,Vesna Pešić,Miodrag Stanisavljević / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian / Issue: 092/1994

Keywords: Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Krug 99; Dragoslav Avramović's economic program; unions in Serbia; media and refugees; Shkelzen Maliqi;

Snežana Nikolić, Mehur od sapunice u oblacima Mirko Tepavac, Svi Srbi u jednoj nevolji Olivija Rusovac, Teritorije kao balkanska bolest Dragoš Ivanović, Ponavljači na popravnom Ivan Torov, Sefu je rata preko glave? Gojko Marinković, Kraj partijske države Prigušena alternativa Građanski savez o putevima rešavanja "jugoslovenske krize" Drage Sarajlije, Vesna Pusić, Federacija Bosna i Hercegovina Krug 99 Apel građanima i narodima Republike Bosne i Hercegovine da sazovu konvenciju o poverenju Aleksandar Nenadović, Povuci-potegni, u Ženevi i Bosni Biljana Stepanović, Bankrotirana uzdanica Rade Veljanovski, Medija pred raskršćem Sindikati partijskim stazama Žarko Paunović, Čuvari napuštenih teritorija Baštovan gorkih plodova Sevastopoljski vals Vesna Pešić, Ovde je sve moguće — i obratno! Utisci iz Stazbura Miadrag Stanisavljević, Tragička ironija

KILLING OF BOSNIA (BOSNIACIDE) AND THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE IN SREBRENICA. Sketch for understanding the crime of sociocide

BOSNACID I ZLOČIN GENOCIDA U SREBRENICI. Skica za razumijevanje zločina sociocida

Author(s): Adib Đozić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 10/2018

Keywords: sociocide; Bosniacide; genocide; Bosnian society;

In addition, the indisputable fact that in July 1995 a crime of genocide against the ethnic group of Bosniaks was committed in Srebrenica by the army and police of the Republic of Srpska, at the same time, this crime was also a concrete form of sociocide, a crime against the Bosnian society, Bosniacide. Scientific public is not sufficiently known with the undisputed, historical fact that from the very beginning of the formation of national movements and national states in the Balkans, continuously the same political subjects committed a crime against Bosnian society, its multilateral essence was killed and demolished. Bosnian neighbors, large-state, nationalist, projects based on the ideological matrix of nation-states constituted the basic driving force of political elites, political parties, governments, armies and states to execute, from time to time, the crime of genocide against Bosniaks, which is at the same time a crime against the Bosnian society and the state.

Where are "horvatski nomadi" (Croation nomads) going?

Kuda idu "horvatski nomadi"

Author(s): Tomo Vinšćak / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/1989

Keywords: cattleman; Croatian nomad; between the coast and Velebit; ethnology; alpine and transhumance cattle breeding;

The transhumant mode of animal husbandry used to be practiced in the Appenines, in the Pyrenees, on the Caucasus, in the Near East, in Scotland and in the Balkans. In the Balkans this tradition has survived until today. Unlike nomads, the Velebit transhumants have head settlements which they leave in summer for pastures in the mountain while winter is spent in the warm seaside area. Up to the beginning of the twentieth century inhabitants of the base region of Velebit, inhabitants of the seaside area, and of Lika and Bukovica, depended for their maintenance on Velebit. Only the transhumant movements of shepherds from Bukovica to the pastures on south Velebit have survived until the present days. At the height of 1500 m above sea level they have shepherds- huts where they stay in June and August and return to their head households in Bukovica in Septem¬ber. At the beginning of winter they start moving again, taking sheep with them, but this time in the direction of the warm seaside area where they spend winter. From a present day point of view we are likely to conclude that this transhumant way of life will soon disappear, but we should be careful when drawing such a conclusion. It is a pity that a very useful line of production, such as transhumant sheep raising, is disappearing, particularly because it is the only ecologically justified mode of exploiting the mountain which does not destroy its natural harmony.

Grave - goods

Prilozi u grob

Author(s): Branko Đaković / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/1989

Keywords: ethnology; customs; traditional culture; care about the dead; grave - goods; burial;

Introducing the general cultural context of the custom of burying beside the bodies of the deceased, various objects, the author explains the need to approach this feature of a very complex structure by ethnological research as well. He sums up the results reached by other researchers, who have sporadically, but never systematically, written about these problems, R. Kajmaković, S. Bajić, J Belošević, E. Pašalić, V. Novak and S.A. Tokarjev have given certain classifications of grave-goods according to criteria which, as they considered, make possible further analytical exploration. Taking into account the criteria of "to whom a gift is given", "what is given", "who gives it" and "why it is given", the author has classified posthumous gifts into the following groups: A) - Gifts to older men and women- Gifts to the young - Gifts to children - Gifts to persons having special social status: (seniors, pregnant women, widows, suicides, etc...) B) – Money - Food and drink - Personal objects - Religious objects - Quantities of earth from farms - Objects which were in touch with the deceased C) - Gifts given by the family of the deceased - Gifts given by others to the deceased D) - Gifts given on behalf of a third family member, if someone has already died in the same year - Gifts given out of fear of the deceased in order that he shouldn't come back or become a vampire, or to pay him for something - Gifts for his life on the other world. Analyzing, according to the above-established criteria, the custom of putting gifts into a grave, the author has found that the limits between the groups arc not fixed. Then the author brings forth a more systematic comparative analysis of this custom and concludes that we could to a whole range of new solutions if posthumous gifts were considered as symbols and messages belonging to the posthumous cycle and thus reflecting in themselves a whole range of ancient customs of diverse origins which arc extremely complex in structure and meaning.

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CENTRAL CROATIAN CULTURAL AND PUBLISHING SOCIETY IN THE TOWN AND THE REGION OF ĐAKOVO AT THE TIME OF THE »CROATIAN SPRING« IN 1971

DJELATNOST MATICE HRVATSKE U ĐAKOVU I ĐAKOVŠTINI ZA VRIJEME HRVATSKOG PROLJEĆA 1971.

Author(s): Branimir Šutalo / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/2007

Keywords: Central Croatian Cultural and Publishing Society; branch office in Đakovo; Croatian Spring; Communist Party; Đakovo; history; culture;

The theme of this article is the socio-political life in Đakovo and the region of Đakovo in the time of the »Croatian Spring« (1970-1971). A particular emphasis was put on the activities of the Central Croatian Cultural and Publishing Society (CCCPS) in Đakovo and in the whole region at the mentioned time. The article presents the activities of the CCCPS branch in Đakovo from its foundation in December, 1970 to its »self-abolishment« in December, 1981. The presentation of the mentioned activities brings us to the people and events that gave an important contribution to the life of both the town and region of Đakovo in the time of the »Croatian Spring«. In the introduction to the article the author presents the events preceding the »Croatian Spring«. Besides the description of the circumstances in Croatia and Yugoslavia, the introduction provides the analysis of the economic conditions of the town and the region of Đakovo in the period preceding the »Croatian Spring«.

The beginning of multiparty, the establishment of political parties in Bjelovar and the Homeland War

Početak višestranačja, osnivanje političkih stranaka u Bjelovaru i Domovinski rat

Author(s): Jure Šimić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 8/2014

Keywords: multiparty; political parties; Bjelovar; Homeland War;

Priopćenje/Information: Početak višestranačja, osnivanje političkih stranaka u Bjelovaru i Domovinski rat

The Beginning of Democracy – Democratic Elections in the Bjelovar Municipality in 1990

"Demokracija je počela" - demokratski izbori u Općini Bjelovar 1990.

Author(s): Željko Karaula / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 2/2008

Keywords: Bjelovar; democratic changes; local elections; political parties; parliamentary democracy; Communist Union;

The downfall of the communist system in Europe in 1989, during a peoples’ awakening of a kind, was very soon reflected upon the events occurring in Socialist Yugoslavia, where the Yugoslav Communist Union had, until that time, exercised absolute power. Under the pressure of the communist system having fallen down in Eastern Europe, the true power takeover happened in 1990, when – after the introduction of a multi-party system – the Communist Union disappeared from the Croatian political scene. Referring to and based upon articles from local newspapers, publications issued by political parties and other written sources, the author notes how hard the way to democracy had been and indicates to the emergence of political parties in the area of the then Bjelovar Municipality. The paper presents the election results in the Bjelovar area in detail.

MIROSLAV KLEŽA AND LAW. ADDITION TO THE HISTORY OF IDEAS AND IDEOLOGY

MIROSLAV KRLEŽA I PRAVAŠTVO. PRILOG ISTORIJI IDEJA I IDEOLOGIJA

Author(s): Goran Miloradović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: Miroslav Krleža; Ante Starčević; pravaštvo; nacionalizam; ideologija; Hrvatska; Jugoslavija

Pošto je uglavnom poznat levičarski angažman Miroslava Krleže, u članku je pažnja posvećena njegovom odnosu prema nacionalizmu. Bio je privrženik pravaške ideologije i do kraja života je širio i afirmisao te ideje, dok je njegovo članstvo u Komunističkoj partiji bilo stvar oportuniteta. Delujući u sferi kulture Krleža je uvek imao u vidu hrvatske nacionalne interese i najvažnije ideje Ante Starčevića. Nastojao je da u promenljivom istorijskom kontekstu očuva kontinuitet pravaške ideologije, plasirajući njene elemente na polju književnosti i leksikografije. Starčević je za Krležu bio ličnost naročitog značaja i s pravom se smatra da je bio njegov „glorifikator“.

THREE BEGINNINGS OF THE SERBIAN FEATURE FILM: MODES OF NARRATION AND SOCIAL CONTEXT

TRI POČETKA SRPSKOG IGRANOG FILMA: NAČINI NARACIJE I DRUŠTVENI KONTEKST

Author(s): Oleg Jeknić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2019

Keywords: Cinematography; Narration; Narrative Model; Film History; Dramaturgy; Serbia; Yugoslavia

This article analyzes the narrative structure of Serbian feature films of the first half of the 20th century. The aim of the research is to show how social circumstances favor certain narrative modes. The author finds Serbian cinematography (referring to the territorial definition of the term) particularly suitable for this research because it is characterized by discontinuity, which was the result of two world wars. Lack of tradition and complete interruptions in the production of fiction films have created conditions in which the formation of a dominant narrative mode were more influenced by social than by professional circumstances at every new cinematic beginning. By exploring the reflections of the social context that are visible in narrative modes, the depth of change that the Serbian society experienced in the observed period becomes more obvious. There are three beginning of Serbian fiction film: in 1911 the first feature film was made in the Kingdom of Serbia, in 1922 production was restored in the Serbian part of the Kingdom of SCS, and in 1947 the first feature film in socialist Serbia was filmed. The basis for the analysis and systematization of film narration is the theory of David Bordwell, which differentiates between three basic narrative modes: classical Hollywood narration, art-cinema narration and historical-materialist narration. The conclusion of the research is that the Serbian feature film was initially influenced by the art-cinema narration, above all French; that the dominant mode between the two world wars was Hollywood narration; and that after the Second World War Serbian feature film was structured in accordance with the norms of the Soviet historical-materialist narration. Despite such discontinuity, some common features link those films: the melodramatic structure of the plot, the female characters as the bearers of meaning, the atmosphere of endangerment, and the necessity of sacrifice for the common good.

The 2014/2015 Croatian Presidential Election: Tight and Far-reaching Victory of the Political Right

The 2014/2015 Croatian Presidential Election: Tight and Far-reaching Victory of the Political Right

Author(s): Dražen Lalić,Marijana Grbeša / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Croatia;presidential election;election campaign;Ivo Josipović;Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović;

The presidential election that was held in Croatia on the last Sunday of 2014 (first round) and the second Sunday of 2015 (second round)1 resulted in a tight victory for Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović, the candidate of the right-wing Croatian Democratic Union (Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica, HDZ) and another seven right-wing parties, over the incumbent Ivo Josipović, the candidate of the governing Social Democratic Party (Socijaldemokratska partija Hrvatske, SDP) and another sixteen parties of the left and centre.

The Decline of Slovenian Social-Democratic Party 1919-1920

Zaton slovenske socialnodemokratske stranke 1919-1920

Author(s): France Klopčič / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/1960

Keywords: Political history; Slovenian politics; social-democratic party; political parties in Slovenia;

После слома Австро-Венгрии в 1918 году, вследствие накопившихся классных национальных и других противоречий, достигших небывалых . масштабов, на територии, заселенной Словенцами, как и вообще в Европе, создалась объективно - революционн я обстановка. Мятежные массы городов и деревень, на которые имела огромное влияние Октябрьская социалистическая революция, проявляли кипучую энергию, подрывали старые порядки, постигали успехи в области рабочего защитного законодательства, а в некоторых 1 случаях пробовали захватить местную власть и на селе даже делить земли крупных землевладельцев. Молодая словенская {уржуазия, едва добравшаяся к власти, дрожала перед революционным народом, который в это решающее время оказался лишенным революционно,! партии рабочего класса. Словенская социалдемокрэтическая партия, созданная в 1896 году; увязла в реформизме. Находившись долгие годы под идейным влиянием австрийской социалдемокр ати и, она по многим вопросам, например по национальному, оказалась правее ее. В годы 1918-1920 руководство этой' партии поддерживало словенскую буржуазию в создании новой, буржуазной власти и в создании нового буржуазного государства — королевства Сербов, Хорватов и Словенцев, появившегося на свет — по словам Э. Карделя — „в атмосфере контрреволюции."

Perturbations of Slovenian Cinematography

Perturbacje kinematografii słoweńskiej

Author(s): Maša Guštin / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 105-106/2019

Keywords: Slovenian cinematography;

Slovenian cinematography developed clearly after 1945, when the socialist state began building structures of the new Yugoslav cinematography, and the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia decided about everything that concerned the film world. In the 1950s and 1960s, under the wings of the Triglav Film studio, many films were made that were successful and are today considered classics of the Slovenian film. Slovenian cinematography at that time experienced a renaissance on the institutional level: in Ljubljana a film library operated, the film magazine “Ekran” [“Screen”] was published, the Film and Television Directing Department was opened, the Slovenian Film Archive was established. In the 1970s, the films were showing social criticism and the problems of the individual on the brink of collapse. The 1980s was a difficult period characterised by an economic and political crisis; video cassettes that competed with Hollywood films and TV shows also appeared. Nevertheless, the first “independent” film created outside of the main production structures was created, a breakthrough point in the liberalization of Slovenian cinematography. After regaining the independence, the Republic of Slovenia assumes responsibility for subsidizing film production, which is largely created by a new generation of directors focused on the problems of the present and the transformation period.

STUDENT’S MOVEMENT IN YUGOSLAVIA 1963—1974 (II)

STUDENTSKI POKRETI U JUGOSLAVIJI 1963—1974. (II)

Author(s): Nebojša Popov / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3-4/1984

Keywords: Student's movement; Yugoslavia; 1963-1974;

The recent upsurge of student movements throughout the world has contained a double-sided emancipatory potential: a tendency to complete the political emancipation of the bourgeois revolutions and the impulses of a universal human emancipation, which had been announced by the socialist revolutions. In both instances, we are dealing with a widening of the given boundaries of man’s freedom.

THE CROATIAN THOUSAND-YEAR DREAM: NARRATIVE AS THE SOCIETY EFFECT

THE CROATIAN THOUSAND-YEAR DREAM: NARRATIVE AS THE SOCIETY EFFECT

Author(s): Zrinka Breglec / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: “Croatian thousand-year dream”; narration; perfomative turn; deconstructionist historiography; teleogenic plot;

This article explores the phenomenon of nation as narrative. This approach is rooted in political theory, more specifically, in post-foundational thought and poststructuralist narratology. The article is significantly informed by the so-called performative turn, especially in historiography. It will therefore focus on narrative and hi/story, as it is understood by Rancière: as a discourse which originally belongs to literature yet keeps escaping it. Relying on a literary technique, history constitutes itself as a science: this is why we can approach it by employing methods similar, albeit not identical, to those used to approach literature. The main argument put forward in this article is that society, understood in Laclauian terms, does not exist, whereas the (Croatian) society effect, that is, the illusion of society as a totality, is produced by the narrative of the so-called Croatian thousand-year dream. In other words, what Hobsbawm dubs the invention of tradition is founded upon the narrative’s past, while the impact of the present of this narrative’s narration is excluded from the mechanisms of the ontology of nationalism.