Search results for: DISPUTATIONES SCIENTIFICAE in All Content

Leo Strauss and the Crossroads between Judaism and Theologico-Political Problem

Leo Strauss and the Crossroads between Judaism and Theologico-Political Problem

Author(s): Fabian Luduena Romandini / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Judaism; political theology; Leo Strauss; redemption; Carl Schmitt

This article explores the problem of Judaism in the oeuvre of Leo Strauss (1899-1973) and particularly in his 1962 conference at the University of Chicago delivered under the title of “Why We Remain Jews”. On one hand, Strauss presents the problem of Jewish assimilation in the light of the tension between Judaism as Revelation and philosophy as a reason-founded discipline. On the other hand, this polarity receives a new interpretation when Strauss reads Jewish history as a theologico-political problem. Strauss’s position is determined by his readings of Arabic medieval philosophy as well as by his acceptance of a post-messianic interpretation of Jewish eschatology. Finally, the text presents the hypothesis about the existence of a debate between Strauss’s view of Jewish history and Carl Schmitt’s conception of the biblical katéchon as the political element that gives sense to Western universal history.

THE UNREVEALED PESTILENTIA AEDIUM: REDHIBITORY DEFAULT OR CONTRACTUAL NON-PERFORMANCE?

LA PESTILENTIA AEDIUM PASSEE SOUS SILENCE : VICE REDHIBITOIRE OU INACCOMPLISSEMENT CONTRACTUEL?

Author(s): Laura Gutiérrez Masson / Language(s): French / Issue: 4/2016

Keywords: aequitas; aliud pro alio; duty to inform; error in substantia; fides; honestas; contractual non-performance; insalubrity; relative voidance; rescision; utilitas; vitium.

The unrevealed pestilentia aedium: redhibitory default or contractual non-performance? The border between the redhibitory default and the contractual non performance regarding the insalubrity of a building that was not disclosed by the seller, is difficult to delimit because, in fact, it can be situated between both: either insisting in the fraud by the latter in order to claim for compensation for the benefit of the buyer, or on the substantial error of the latter, caused by the cheat of the seller, so as to declare the nullity of the sale of something that was not delivered.

Hispanic cohorts in the camp at Humac

Hispanske kohorte u logoru na Humcu

Author(s): Almir Marić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 11/2016

Keywords: cohorts; auxiliaries; Bracara Augusta; Lucus Augusti; epigraphic evidence;

This paper analyzes the monuments of the members of auxiliary cohorts that were settled at Humac during 1st century. It is about two combined cohorts (equitata), cohors I Lucensium and cohors I Bracaraugustanorum, whose members had left eight epigraphic monuments. Through the analysis of the content of tombstones, it is evident that the ordinary foot soldiers (miles) and cavalry soldiers (eques) were the most commemorated persons. Tiberius Claudius Claudianus, prefect of cohors I Bracaraugustanorum equitata was the only registered officer. Cohorts were most probably recruited during the Great Illyrian Revolt (6-9 AD) from the area of northwestern Hispania, which also served as a recruiting base in the following decades. Anthroponyms of all the analyzed soldiers and officers, whose names were confirmed in the area of northwestern Hispania, support that claim, as well as the structure of tombstones, which is in many elements similar to the commemorated soldiers of both cohorts.

Medioplatonic Aspects in Apuleius’ Metamorphoses

Medioplatonic Aspects in Apuleius’ Metamorphoses

Author(s): Cristian Baumgarten / Language(s): French / Issue: 12/2014

Apuleius’ generation was caught in the passage from philosophic monotheism to that form of imperial henotheism whose aim was to counteract the tension between philosophy and popular religiosity. It can be affirmed that terminology, vocabulary and especially the motive of discreetness and the prudence in the use of defining syntagmatic expressions are a common fact of Medioplatonism. Author’s attitude is that of a philosopher resorting to the mystic cults, plainly aware of their value and, not the last of the things, of the worship responsibilities devolving on a deliberate attachment. The prudence charac‑ terizing the discourse on the ineffable nature of the divinity dwells rather on the meaning and requirement of Platonic mysteries, as they were translated and interpreted by Medioplatonism, in its semi­literal manner, current that Apuleius joined on a base of a certain familiarity from a stylistic and thematic point of view.

Human Existence in the Context of Contemporary Dispute about the Understanding of Human Nature and Culture

Byt ludzki w kontekście współczesnego sporu o rozumienie natury i kultury człowieka

Author(s): Edward Sienkiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: nature; culture; truth; man; person; mystery; naturalism; idealism; personalism; anthropocentrism; biological reductionism; post-modernism; civilization; species; nature; identity

Modern dispute about the understanding of culture and nature is rich in tradition and dates back to ancient Greek sophists. However, in the modern era we observe a radicalization of positions. This is caused by superficial understanding of both the nature and culture, what matters is the narrow empiricism or extreme idealism. In addition, there is the absence of a human problem in this dispute, which is supported by anthropology practiced today within the framework of specialized and narrow detailed disciplines without the possibility of synthesis. An off er to solve this dispute, having sometimes the nature of the conflict, is a subjective nature of culture, allowing to reconcile man’s relationship with nature and everything that cannot be brought only to this dimension. The best evidence of this solution proves to be a Christian personalism, which does not overlook any of the essential dimensions of human existence. Besides the complex structure of the human being - what best describes the concept of a person – it applies both to the material and the spiritual world, providing thus a foundation in resolving the dispute over the understanding of culture and human nature. The ultimate criterion remains the event of the Incarnation, which is appropriate to claim an objective criterion of reality - “I am the truth” (Jn 14,6), shedding light on the human understanding; his secret and mystery. The value of culture is evaluated from the point of view of the objective truth, which also remains a key reference within the meaning of nature and its relationship to human activity.

Epicure friends and their opponents

Epikurovi prijatelji i njihovi protivnici

Author(s): Ludwig Marcuse / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 264/1981

Predstava o sreći, briga za sreću prisutna je tamo gde nam se čini da je nesreća u prvom planu, tamo gde se umanjuje, omalovažava, prezire.

History of Free Professions – From Artes Liberales to Our Times

Istorija slobodnih profesija – od artes liberales do savremenog doba

Author(s): Dragana Knežić-Popović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2008

Keywords: Free professions; education; professional associations;

The knowledge of the development of free professions from Roman artes liberales to the modern ones certainly highlights their current position. That history reveals their amazing ability of transformation, adjustment and survival. An overall and consistent legal definition of artes liberales as a concept of Roman law is impossible, because of the deep changes it underwent over the Roman history. The latter resulted from the changes in the Roman attitude to labour, suppression of sacral in favour of layman characteristics of knowledge as such, rise in social status of those engaged in intellectual labour, cultural development, and changes in the administration’s attitude towards workers in artes liberales. The profession as a new notion arises with the medieval universities that provided a specific and socially acknowledged education. For its part, that logically led to the emergence of professional-occupational organizations, which additionally confirmed the monopoly of activity of individuals with professional, university education. Since most of them belonged to aristocracy, the real function of the formal system of professional education was more to reproduce the existing social hierarchies than to promote specialistic education and professional superiority of graduates. With its separation of aristocracy and profession, the modern age brought about the crucial change in the notion of profession. In its focus was the active social role - i.e. social engagement based upon possession of a specific and socially acknowledged knowledge. The history of free profession that was to end in its modern concept could be seen in following phases: compulsory education resulting in the emergence of universities; formation of professional associations (local or national); legal protection of the profession; and emergence of the ethic code, as the final step in the professionalization process. Though generally acceptable, this chronological order is slightly different in some European states.

International scientific conference dedicated to the 350th anniversary of Samuel Boguslava Chylinsky Bible, "LD K and Protestant Europe in the 17th century"

Tarptautinė mokslinė konferencija, skirta Samuelio Boguslavo Chylinskio Biblijos 350 metų jubiliejui, „LD K ir protestantiškoji Europa XVII a.“

Author(s): Gina Kavaliunaite / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 13/2011

2011 metų gegužės 2–4 dienomis pirmosios lietuvių kalba spausdintos Biblijos jubiliejui skirtą konferenciją surengė Lietuvos istorijos institutas, bendradarbiaudamas su Nyderlandų Karalystės ir Jungtinės Karalystės ambasadomis Lietuvoje bei Kėdainių krašto muziejumi. Finansinę paramą renginiui suteikė Lietuvos mokslo taryba bei Kultūros rėmimo fondas.

THE ROOTS OF INIURIA AND CONVICIUM DELICTS

КОРЕНИ ДЕЛИКАТА INIURIA И CONVICIUM

Author(s): Ognjen Vujović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2010

Keywords: Iniuria; Convicium; Legis actio sacramento in rem; Incantare; Occentare;

The early delict of iniuria represented a wrongful act, wrongfulness. It was the act which put in danger private interests of pater familias, who was the pillar of social establishment. The role of pater familias in Roman society started to gradually deteriorate. Nevertheless, the requirement of the endangered goods being in the sphere of pater familias’ private interests, remained crucial for determining the scope of the delict. On the other hand, black magic was considered a great threat to the society. It was differentiated from the delict of iniuria very early. The Law on XII Tables contains special provisions sanctioning the use of magic as a separate delict. Roman concepts of occentare, excantare and incantare were narrowly connected to the malicious fortune-telling and curses. Each of them represented a kind of verbal delict (insult), and had its place in the history of another delict, convicium. When Roman law started to loose its close relation to religion, the delict of insult was liberated from elements of magic, and moved to the sphere of protection of private interests of the individual.

Constructivist rhetoric within the tradition of rhetorical studies in Spain

Constructivist rhetoric within the tradition of rhetorical studies in Spain

Author(s): David Pujante / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: rhetorical-constructivist approach; socio-cognitive approach; Spanish rhetoric

The paper proposes a model of rhetoric based on the theoretical and methodological framework of constructivist positions on knowledge and discourse. The main claim is that the ideological meaning, and specifically of political discourse, can be analyzed from a dual perspective, ‘socio-cognitive’ and ‘rhetorical-constructivist’. Such an analysis shows that the construction of meaning is inseparable from the deliberate choice made by the agent in communicative practices. The paper claims that rhetoric should return to its origins as a tool for citizens, and that it could become an important instrument for explaining the conflicts of current social and political discourse.

A Contextual and Philosophical Analysis of Aquinas’ Fourth Way

A Contextual and Philosophical Analysis of Aquinas’ Fourth Way

Author(s): Matthew W. Knotts / Language(s): English / Issue: 59/2014

Keywords: Participation; esse; essential; metaphysics; eicient causality; formal causality;

The task of this essay is a reconsideration and rehabilitation of the fourth way of Aquinas’ Summa Theologiae. The argument ex gradibus is first presented with attention to the philosophical-theological context of the five ways, in addition to matters of historical context. It will become clear that the arguments are enthymematic and should thus be read charitably in connection with other aspects of Aquinas’ philosophy (cf. Copleston 1976; Fogelin 1990; Kerr 2001). Moreover, in contrast to the prevailing sentiment that the fourth way should be read primarily in a Platonic light (cf., e.g., Van Steenberghen 1980), I argue that the fourth way should rather be read in connection with other crucial aspects of Aquinas’ metaphysics of being (cf. Urban 1984). Finally, I reconsider some of the fundamental aspects of the argument, e.g., the ‘principle of the maximum’ (cf. Flew 1966, Kenny 1969, Van Steenberghen 1980, Doolan 2008). The upshot is a clearer understanding of what Aquinas actually means in the fourth way, which in turn enables a more informed evaluation of the argument itself.

A Dangerous Domain: Bartholomew Keckermann on History and Historiography

A Dangerous Domain: Bartholomew Keckermann on History and Historiography

Author(s): Wojciech Ryczek / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: Bartholomew Keckermann; history; historiography; logic; rhetoric

The main purpose of the paper is to present and discuss some Keckermann’s thoughts on history and the art of historiography, expressed in the treatise De natura et proprietatibus historiae commentarius (Hanovie 1610), published posthumously by his student, David Schumann. According to the humanist from Gdańsk, history is not art, science, or discipline, because it does not have own commonplaces (loci communes), regarded as the basis for method. Nevertheless, history plays an important role in teaching of the practical arts such as politics or economy, because it is an inexhaustible source of examples, taken from narratives about the past events to illustrate general rules related to human life and actions. An excellent historian would be only someone who is able to combine searching for the truth with frankness in its telling. Therefore, he is obliged to use a simple style without almost any rhetorical devices. In relation to single events history serves as a tool of description and explication. Thus it provides the necessary illustrative material in the form of examples for the practical disciplines.

Theologic Implications of Descartes’ Theory of Object in the Philosophical Turn of The Middle Ages and Modernity

Teologiczne implikacje teorii przedmiotu w filozoficz¬nym przełomie średniowiecza i nowożytności

Author(s): Wojciech Starzyński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 52/2007

Keywords: przedmiot; Augustyn; Duns Szkot; Henryk z Gandawy; Tomasz; Kartezjusz; teologia;

The article begins with a comparison of Descartes’ theory of object with its scholastic predecessors. In Descartes’ thought the object is restricted to its human figure, while Augustine, Henry of Ghent and Duns Scotus describe this concept primarily in the horizon of the divine thought. Even if Descartes leaves out the theological meaning of object, its new epistemic subject becomes the ground of the new relation named absolute whose certain features resemble the theological one. However the danger of the ontic univocity which thus appears, is eliminated by Cartesian theory of the eternal truths formulated in 1630 in letters to Mersenne.

From the lonely, despairing to the open being adoring the Eucharistic sign of Presence. Study of Roman Brandstaetter’s article entitled The meeting in Emaus

Od bytu osamotnionego pogrążonego w rozpaczy do bytu otwartego adorującego eucharystyczny znak Obecności. Rozważanie na podstawie utworu Romana Brandstaettera pt. Spotkanie w Emaus

Author(s): Emanuela Bednarczyk-Stefaniak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: Monad; emptiness; truth of being; salvation; Eucharistic Bread;

The title of the article suggests that the theme of the exodus of closed existence and passage, or the transition of the „old man” to a new life through the entrance into dialogue with the hidden God, will be addressed. During the process of transforming the way of existence, purification from the false understanding of the source of Christian hope will be cleansed. This theme occupies a lot of place in the work of Roman Brandstaetter. Analysis and interpretation of poetry The meeting in Emaus will be conducted in accordance with hermeneutic principles. The meaning of individual metaphors will be discovered by evoking the biblical and philosophical context. Accordingly, references will be made to the Book of the Kohelett, Isaiah, the Gospel, the thoughts of Gottfried Leibniz and Jean Paul Sartre.

HOW TO COME TO THE CORRECT SOLUTION? TO THE INTERPRETATION OF THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL DEFINITION OF THE METHOD OF COMPARISON IN ARISTOTLE (ETHICA EUDEMIA, VII, 1245b.13–14) AND ECCLESIASTES 7:27

КАК ПРИЙТИ К ПРАВИЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ? К ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ ЭПИСТЕМОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ МЕТОДА СРАВНЕНИЯ У АРИСТОТЕЛЯ (ETHICA EUDEMIA, VII, 1245b.13–14) И ЭККЛЕСИАСТА (ЭККЛ. 7:27)

Author(s): Igor Tantlevskij / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: Aristotle; “Eudemian Ethics”; interpretation of EE VII; 1245b.13–14; Book of Ecclesiastes; interpretation of Eccl. 7:27; methods of cognition; method of comparison; the semantic field of the Hebrew;

The author reveals a fundamentally significant parallel in the definitions of the method of cognition through a comparison of things and essences, attested in Aristotle’s “Eudemian Ethics” (VII, 1245b.13–14) and in Ecclesiastes (Eccl. 7:27). With this particular attention is paid to the consideration of the semantic field of key terms used in the corresponding formulations. The examples of Ecclesiastes's application of the methodology of cognition developed by him demonstrate that his “pessimistic” and “skeptical” statements are only judgments with which sometimes directly opposite premises are compared in the process of his reasoning, which results in rather optimistic conclusions; so that the “inconsistency” of Ecclesiastes proves to be only seeming.

ON SUBJECT OF „IUSTITIUM“

ПО ТЕМАТА „IUSTITIUM“

Author(s): Luigi Garofalo / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: iustitium and its effects; competent authorities; prerequisites; dilectus; decretum tumultus; luctus publicus.

In the center of the article is the iustitium, from which the most important aspects are examined, and in particular the prerequisites that justify its application, the legitimate authorities for its proclamation and the effects that arise from the issue of the provision. Except that this would be followed by the repeal of the applicable law, as in the case of Ausnahmezustand, where he determined temporary suspension of public activities which were unnecessary to face a crisis.

REGARDING CIVIL AND ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY OF ROMAN MAGISTRATE IN ROMAN PRACTICE

OТНОСНО ГРАЖДАНСКАТА И АДМИНИСТРАТИВНАТА ОТГОВОРНОСТ НА МАГИСТРАТА В РИМСКАТА ПРАКТИКА

Author(s): Andrea Trisciuoglio / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: Roman law; municipia; colonia; civitates; magistrate; civil liability; administrative responsibility

Investigating in historical and comparative terms the Roman legal experience in the field of civil and administrative responsibility of those engaged in public administration, the most expressive texts refer surprisingly not to the central but to the mundicapp administration, for the lower level of management of cities (muni-nipies, colonies or municipalities) in which the magistrate's position (and in particular that of the span) is distinguished. The prerequisites on which this employee's responsibility is based and the ways in which it is carried out are typified and can be derived from the munitions statutes dating back to the 1 st century BC. until the 1st century AD, as well as some texts by Justinian's Digests, the regime in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. Regarding the subject of the public servant's responsibility, one can not fail to notice the significant changes that took place in the course of time public administration, and the shaping of the legal framework for public law liability - starting with the bureaucracy process that began in August and ended with the civil service system in the Late Empire.

Between the course toward eternity and the aimless drifting of sin - Is God the cause of sin?

Między kursem ku wieczności a bezcelowym dryfem grzechu - Czy Bóg jest przyczyną grzechu?

Author(s): Łukasz Zaruski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: human acts; evil; morality; thomism; metaphysics;

The existence of evil, especially the evil made by the rational creature, that is sin, has always been the crux theologorum. How to reconcile faith in Divine Providence, extending to the actions of man, with the simultaneous existence of human deeds which destroy the moral order (intentional) and condemn man to a pointless moral drift? Unfortunately, nowadays the lack of clear theological doctrine on sin, based on solid metaphysics, often favors on the one hand the negation of the existence of God as the Supreme Good and on the other hand, can also, by monistic interpretation, remove the responsibility of men for their actions. This work is aimed at demonstrating how the metaphysics of saint Thomas’s esse makes it possible to strike a balance between the doctrine of Creation ex nihilo and Divine Providence and the conclusion of the existence of evil or sin. Based on the interpretation of the thomist existentialist metaphysics (Fabro, Parente, Piolanti), the article outlines the metaphysical structure of the act of a voluntarily acting person and the "nature" of sin. This shall help to establish that the role of God in sinful acts (as a deed) is limited to material (subjective) causality, but that the "drifting in the purity of sin" itself is "caused" only by the rational creation which, by virtue of its metaphysical status, can condemn itself to such a fate.

Chronology of Marsilio Ficino’s life.

Marsilio Ficino életének kronológiája

Author(s): Monika Frazer-Imregh / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2016

Keywords: Marsilio Ficino; chronology

This is a chronology of Marsilio Ficino’s life. The sources figure on the text’s first page.

Is Socrates Conceivable in Plato’s Academy? The Hedonist or the Platonic Skillful Swordsman?

Da li je Sokrat zamisliv u platonovoj akademiji? Hedonist ili platonički vješt mačevalac?

Author(s): Željko Škuljević / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 21/2014

Keywords: hedonism; Plato; pleasure; Socrates; Socrates' historic image;

Apart from the “embellished” “over-Platonic” Socrates, there are some alternative (diverse) insights into his philosophy. Multiplicity and the “wavering” historical sources, which help researches to reconstruct Socrates’ personality and his teaching, to a certain degree produce a number of decorated “photographs” (some of them very similar and others utterly different). With no intention to muddy the waters and create confusion, while rejecting the misunderstanding of Socrates’ conversational style, which was advocated by W. Weischedela in his work “Socrates oder Das Ärgernis des Fragens”, I gave myself the right to read and grasp in an unorthodox way the wellestablished and widely accepted sources, including those proscribed and “marginal”. Consequently, in a Satirical and Silenus similitude, I found the picture of a hedonistic Socrates, who was a rhetorically skillful swordsman – due to the techniques and achievements of the older sophistic school of thought. We must accentuate what is the most substantial (regardless of various research concept and sources); namely, that the thinker Socrates existed with his active life (at which alternative explanations and comprehensions hint) – which is the answer to the question: why is Socrates inevitable and ever-present in the spiritual visions of our civilization.