Search results for: DISPUTATIONES SCIENTIFICAE in All Content

History of Astronomy

Historia astronomii

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: megalithic astronomy; Chinese astronomy; Islamic astronomy; telescope; Newton; Universe.

An outline history of science about the Universe presented from the prehistoric times (megalithic astronomy) to the second half of the 20th century (including space research). The book also contains the essay on the ancient Chinese astronomy, the description of the Arab flat astrolabe, the history of the telescope, chronological tables and the outline history of astronomy in Poland. It combines the clear and accessible language with the scientific integrity at the highest world level.

Denominal lexis in glossary of Bulgarian language. Encyclopedic dictionary of derivatives of proper names

Отименна лексика в словника на българския език. Енциклопедичен речник на производни от собствени имена

Author(s): Boris Parashkevov / Language(s): Bulgarian

Keywords: Vocabulary; word; words; nouns; language; adjectives; verbs; Bulgarian; Bulgaria; encyclopedic; dictionary; linguistics; etymological; proper names; common names; derivatives; terms; book, books

This lexicon, which is structurally the first of its kind among our dictionaries, includes presented nouns and adjectives, as well as insignificant number of verbs in the Bulgarian language. The common feature is that they are derived from their proper names, with the main purpose of creating new terms in different areas of knowledge. Information in dictionary articles has a marked etymological and tight encyclopedic character. Derivatives are words formed from the headword by the addition of a suffix (for example, enshrined at the entry for enshrine). These are often entered as the final section of an entry. Many derivatives are included as headwords in their own right. They are followed by a quotation block illustrating examples of usage.

Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism

Etyka protestancka i duch kapitalizmu

Author(s): Max Weber / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: protestantism; capitalism; ethics; sociology of Max Weber

The publication contains the basics of the sociology of Max Weber and belongs to the classics of social research. From it derives the Weberian theory of capitalism, rationality, ethics, and domination. The thesis put forward here – that the birth and continuation of capitalism can be understood by referring to its ethical foundations, or Protestantism – is still vividly debated today.

A Catalogue of the 15th- and 16th-Century Printed Books in the Collections of the University of Warsaw Library. Volumen 8. Collective Provenance Index

Katalog druków XV i XVI wieku w zbiorach Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie. Tom 8: Zbiorczy indeks proweniencyjny

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: University of Warsaw Library; catalogues of printed books; old prints of the 15th and 16th centuries; manuscripts

The last volume documenting scientific research on the 15th- and 16th-century collections of the Early Printed Books Department at the University of Warsaw Library containing a detailed, integrated provenance index of printed books from that period. The publication enables searching for data about owners and users of particular books in seven volumes of the Catalogue published earlier by Warsaw University Publishing House. It is a complete source database, numbering about 9,500 entries, which can be very helpful for further historical, bibliological and cultural research.

Lingua colorum in Nemesianus’ „III Eclogue”

Lingua colorum nell’”Egloga III” di Nemesiano

Author(s): Anna Kucz / Language(s): Italian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Nemesianus; eclogue; green; reddish gold; purple; white

The expressions which determine colours are indispensable element of the world description in Nemesianus’ Eclogues. Their specification provides further precious information about the models of perception and interpretation of the world presented in the works written by the Carthaginian poet in the third century A.D. I would like to show in what way mentioned poet exploits colours in the world representation. Carrying out research on the linguistic material I put great emphasis on updating linguistic and cultural connotations in one of the Carthaginian poet’s Eclogues. As far as the colours indicating is concerned, it is necessary to highlight its strong connection with social tradition embodied in the Latin poetry.

Introduction to the Study of Archeology

Úvod do studia archeologie

Author(s): Vladimír Podborský / Language(s): Czech

Keywords: Study of Archeology; Pre-history and history; Methods in Archeology; Sub-fields of Archeology; mobile archaeological artifacts; archaeological culture;

Před zhruba půlstoletím napsal prominentní britský prehistorik Gordon Vere Childe (1892–1957) jeden z prvních, ne-li vůbec první, novodobých úvodů do studia archeologie: A Short Introduction to Archaeology (Krátký úvod do archeologie). Od té doby byly takových úvodů napsány desítky, až po volnou, žertovnou formou napsanou repliku knihy G. V. Childa, Archaeology. A Very Short Introduction od Paula Bahna (Oxford University Press 1996, 2002; český překlad Anna Kalmanová, Archeologie. Průvodce pro každého, Vimperk: Dokořán, 2007). U nás byly nejvíce používány příručky: H. J. Eggers, Einführung in die Vorgeschichte (München 1959); S. J. Laet, Archeologija i jejproblemy (polské vydání, Warszawa 1960); F. Felgenhauer, Einführung in die Urgeschichtsforschung (Freiburg 1973); H. Müller-Karpe, Einführung in die Vorgeschichte (München 1979) a možná i poněkud náročnější polský sborník W. Hensel – G. Donato – S. Tabaczyński, eds., Teoria i praktika badań archeologicznych I. Przeslanki metodologiczne (Wrocław–Warszawa–Kraków–Gdańsk–Łódź 1986).

Polonia illustrata. Latin panegyric works of Simon Starowolski

Polonia illustrata. Łacińska twórczość panegiryczna Szymona Starowolskiego

Author(s): Michał Czerenkiewicz / Language(s): Polish

Autor prezentowanej książki, wydobywając ze skarbca pamięci okryte patyną wieków dzieła jednego z najwybitniejszych polskich siedemnastowiecznych kaznodziei, historiografów, a zarazem polihistorów – Szymona Starowolskiego – zaprasza do wspólnego myślenia i zamyślenia nad literacką sztuką uprawiania i pojmowania „panegiryczności”. […] Uważna lektura pracy dowodzi, iż wyszła ona spod ręki humanisty, którego kompetencji z rozmaitych dziedzin – m.in. w zakresie problemów europejskiej historii literatury dawnej, retoryki, filologii starożytnej, historii idei, niuansów szesnasto- i siedemnastowiecznej poetyki, zagadnień estetyki wczesnonowożytnej, a nawet socjologii – można jedynie pozazdrościć.z recenzji prof. dr. hab. Alberta Gorzkowskiego Na początku pracy Autor przedstawia na szerokim tle – poczynając od starożytności – istotę literatury panegirycznej, po czym wnikliwie analizuje liczne pisma Szymona Starowolskiego właśnie pod kątem spełniania jej wymogów. Te znakomite analizy nadają moim zdaniem książce przełomowy charakter. Michał Czerenkiewicz nie tylko pokazuje, że potrafi właściwie – tzn. zgodnie z duchem epoki i tego gatunku literackiego – odczytywać panegiryki Starowolskiego, ale uczy też tego podejścia nas, czytelników. Do tej pory, sięgając po siedemnastowieczną książkę, z obojętnością pomijałem hołdowniczy wstęp, teraz, po przeczytaniu niniejszej monografii, zajrzę do niego z ciekawością, czując, że będę mógł z niego wydobyć to, co istotne.z recenzji prof. dr. hab. Mikołaja Szymańskiego Michał Czerenkiewicz – adiunkt na Wydziale Polonistyki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Przewód doktorski sfinalizował pod kierunkiem prof. dr. hab. Andrzeja Borowskiego w Instytucie Filologii Klasycznej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Współpracował m.in. z redakcją magazynu „Perspektywy” i Muzeum Pałacu Króla Jana III Sobieskiego w Wilanowie. Do jego zainteresowań naukowych należą neolatynistyka, Latinitas w literaturze staropolskiej, kultura książki XVII stulecia, a także literackie związki ówczesnej Rzeczypospolitej z południowymi Niderlandami. Publikował m.in. w takich czasopismach naukowych, jak „Terminus”, „Neerlandica Wratislaviensia”, „Seizième Siècle” oraz w pracach zbiorowych.

Ab inferis ad rostra. Calling the dead in Roman rhetoric of the Republican period

Ab inferis ad rostra. Przywoływanie zmarłych w retoryce rzymskiej okresu republikańskiego

Author(s): Damian Pierzak / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: dead; Roman rhetoric; the Republican period

Human Freedom and Its Limits. An Anthology of the Concept in Political and Legal Doctrines. From Antiquity to Montesquieu

Wolność człowieka i jej granice. Antologia pojęcia w doktrynach polityczno-prawnych. Od Starożytności do Monteskiusza

Author(s): Michał Bizoń,Olgierd Górecki,Janina Gajda-Krynicka,Romuald Piekarski,Jacek Salij,Marek Tracz-Tryniecki,Tomasz Szczech,Bogdan Szlachta,Jakub Skomiał,Andrzej Sylwestrzak,Zbigniew Rau,Dorota Pietrzyk-Reeves,Dawid Nowakowski,Jacek Malczewski,Iwona Barwicka-Tylek,Artur Andrzejuk / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: philosophy of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance;ancient thinkers;ancient philosophers;constitutionalism;political and legal doctrines;human freedom;reformation

The three-volume monograph offers a comprehensive study of the category of freedom which was used in the legal and political doctrines by representatives of the western civilization since antiquity up to the present. The publication reviews concepts put forward by ancient thinkers (Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, Cicero, St. Augustine), propositions of philosophers active in the Middle Ages (St. Thomas, William of Ockham) and the most prominent theories of the Renaissance (Machiavelli, the Renaissance utopias, Reformation, the School of Salamanca). The Polish Renaissance thought has also been presented. It ushered in an antiquity tradition revival which manifested itself in treatises in 16th-century republican discourse and, in a developed form, in the works of Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro. The monograph also includes interpretations of Thomas Hobbes’s, Algernon Sidney’s and John Locke’s propositions as well as a study of the thought of Montesquieu together with a discussion of the theory of the separation of powers, especially with regard to the trias politica model from the perspective of constitutionalism. The review of numerous philosophical positions reveals a range of discrepancies in the perception of the concept of freedom not only in different historical periods but also among the representatives of the main political doctrines. The plethora of cited approaches unequivocally points to the interdisciplinary character of research on freedom as a philosophical category. Therefore, a presentation of the spectrum of differences through the application of scientific analysis seems a fundamental prerequisite for any attempt at arriving at a comprehensive and multilevel understanding of the idea of freedom.

Nicolaus Copernicus’s Student Notes in Jacobus de Alvarottis Super feudis… (1498)

Zapiski studenckie Mikołaja Kopernika w Super feudis… (1498) Jacoba de Alvarottis

Author(s): Clarinda E. Calma / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

On December 10, 2013, a team of Polish researchers headed by Tomasz Garwoliński, the director of the “Hosianum” Seminary Library in Olsztyn (Warmia Archdiocese), and Teresa Borawska from the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń confirmed the discovery of ten incunabula containing hand-written notes of the great astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543). Some of those notes can be found in the book by Jacobus de Alvarottis, entitled Super feudis, cum additionibus Matthaei de Corbinellis et Montorii Mascarelli. Consilia. Baptista de Sancto Blasio: Rubrica de differentiis inter decisiones feudales et decisiones iuris canonici vel civilis… and published in Pavia in 1498. The notes were taken most probably between 1501 and 1503, when Copernicus was preparing for his canonical and feudal law exams. The article presents preliminary research findings regarding selected notes of the great astronomer and includes an epistemological interpretation of Copernicus’s marginalia, which shed light on his reading habits.

The Ethos of a Political Leader in Ancient and Renaissance Thought. Plato, Cicero, Machiavelli, Guicciardini

Èthos przywódcy politycznego w myśli starożytnej i renesansowej. Platon, Cyceron, Machiavelli, Guicciardini

Author(s): Marta Czapińska-Bambara / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: a political leader;rulers’ ethics;Res publica;polis;ethos;Guicciardini;Cicero;Machiavelli;Plato

Plato, Cicero and Machiavelli are considered the classics of political philosophy. Their research constantly stimulates the imagination of researchers and provokes further interpretations. What seemed particularly interesting to me was to illustrate, by dint of deliberations focused on the ethos of a political leader, a certain continuity of thought that can be noticed in the views of these thinkers, and also to indicate the differences appearing in them, resulting from the personal nature of their perceptions and individual understanding of state reality. Despite a keen interest in the writings of Plato, Cicero or Machiavelli, and in the few works that compare ancient thought with the opinions of Renaissance authors, there is still a shortage of this kind of study. My sense of unsatisfaction was augmented by the realization that the work of Francesco Guicciardini – which is a valuable source of information about the social and political situation of Renaissance Florence and offers an additional reference point for Machiavelli's opinions, in this way painting a more complete picture of the era and allowing a better understanding of the contemporary trends – has not been properly recognized in the Polish literature.

In Defense of Tradition. The Meaning of Tradition in the Philosophy of Erasmus of Rotterdam and Its Defense against Reformational Criticism

W obronie tradycji. Znaczenie tradycji w filozofii Erazma z Rotterdamu i jej obrona przed krytyką Reformacji

Author(s): Dawid Nowakowski / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: humanistic tradition; humanism; scholasticism; Robert Gaguin; Erasmus of Rotterdam; hermeneutics

According to Erasmus, philosophizing begins with listening to the flowing message of tradition, with meditative reading of soul-stirring content or with gazing at the ideal of a master and allowing ourselves to internalize what we have received. This was the aim of Erasmus’s “new reading,” through which he wanted to transform the individual; this was the goal of the bonae litterae, for which he had so passionately sought; this was also the purpose of the Christian Gospel. This stage, built by teaching alone, can be called “internalization of tradition” – a change of mind that is necessary for anyone who wants to change their lives. The publication is primarily devoted to Erasmus – an underestimated thinker unjustly pushed by reflection to an area outside of philosophy. Meanwhile, his vision turns out not only to be a coherent philosophy, but also one that is more aware of itself and its limitations than the philosophical concepts of scholasticism and modern rationalism. Tradition is the key concept that permeates and conditions the thinking and attitude of Erasmus. Whether his vision of tradition can still be seen as fully valid is debatable, and certainly requires further analysis. However, there is no doubt that it remains attractive and inspiring. It is the author’s wish that the present book could be a kind of “user guide to tradition”, but also to ourselves and to cultivating humanity. “This is not a colourless, erudite dissertation on a chosen topic. This is an interesting, even fascinating read, which in my opinion – thanks to its scope, poetics and style – has a chance to become the subject of interest for a great many readers.” From the review by prof. Juliusz Domański

The Empire of the Levant. History of the Eastern Question

L'Empire du Levant. Histoire de la Question d’Orient

Author(s): René Grousset / Language(s): French

The history of the Eastern Question does not begin, as is too often believed, in the seventeenth century. To be intelligible, it must go from the Hellenic period to current events. // In this perspective, I have sought to follow the evolution of the borders - spirituals and politicals - between Europe and Asia. // I define Europe: all the countries heirs to Hellenic culture. The first time that the European spirit became aware of itself, it was in Greece, in the fifth century BC. It arose by opposing the Asians in these days of Marathon and Salamis who, by consecrating the liberty of Hellas, were found to have assured for eight centuries the independence of the Greek genius, that is to say, the appearance of the European spirit. Since then, the notion of a Europe has continued to expand and expand, without, however, the initial data changing too radically. The Roman Empire was the integration of Latinity and, through it, of the entire Western world into Greek civilization. Medieval Christianity was the accession to this same culture of the Germanic world and the Slavic world. The nearer times, finally, represent the return of the civilization thus elaborated to its spiritual sources, the rebirth of the Greek scientific spirit in modern science.

Theatricalisation and oralization of religious worship in the post-Tridentine period as an expression of the "accommodative" policy of the Church

Teatralizacja i oralizacja kultu religijnego w okresie potrydenckim jako wyraz „akomodacyjnej” polityki Kościoła

Author(s): Marek Prejs / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Sarmatian piety; counter-reformation in Poland; post-Tridentine religiosity

Volume VI of the series shows not only the peculiarity of the religious culture of the First Polish Republic, the character and specificity of the "Sarmatian" piety, but also reveals the basic paths of development of this culture in connection with the thought developed in parallel by Catholic thinkers and writers in Western Europe. The research focused on the issues of opening up Polish post-Tridentine culture to the dynamics of the development of religious thought in other European countries, the ability to conduct dialogue with a foreign culture, and the possibility of adaptation, assimilation and transformation of foreign theories or ideas for the needs of indigenously Polish culture. The authors of individual dissertations try to answer the questions, on the one hand, about the scope and degree of involvement of Poles in the process of the renewal of Catholicism in Europe, about their participation in European discussion forums, about the knowledge of the Sarmatians' writings and the impact of these writings in the model of the post-Tridentine renewal of the Church and Catholic religious culture, on the other hand - about the ways of fresh counter-reformation ideas entering the Republic of Poland, the absorption, demand and methods of introducing conciliar decisions into the practice of religious life and the literature of the post-Tridentine times. The 12-volume series of the monograph "Kultura Pierwszej Rzeczypospolitej w dialogu z Europą. Hermeneutyka wartości" ​​presents the cultural heritage of the 15th and 18th centuries as an integral but original part of European culture. The research goal is to identify the ways and forms of the mutual transmission of aesthetic, political and religious values ​​and to present in a broad, multilateral comparative context the axiological structure of the Polish culture of old times. Cultural texts are examined from an internal perspective as records of acts aimed at understanding values, and from an external perspective as statements that join European literary-aesthetic, political and religious discussions. In an intense dialogue, the culture of the Republic of Poland shows not only a receptivity to new ideas, but also creativity and dynamics of action in Europe.

Scandal and ecstasy. New Feminism against the background of the concept of reconciliation according to John Paul II

Skandal i ekstaza. Nowy Feminizm na tle koncepcji pojednania według Jana Pawła II

Author(s): Aneta Gawkowska / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: reconciliation; John Paul II; new feminism; sociological theories; social philosophy; corporeality; sexuality

The publication discusses issues joining theoretical sociology, social philosophy and theology. It speaks from the position inspired by Catholic theology, at the same time showing the universality of the conciliatory and dialogical message. Gender equality in New Feminism is connected with the necessity to end the domination of the one-sided male norm in many areas of social life in favor of a complementary norm, where the so far not appreciated values, such as receptivity and relationality, should be socially recognized as general human norms.

Our Mythical Education. The Reception of Classical Myth Worldwide in Formal Education, 1900-2020

Our Mythical Education. The Reception of Classical Myth Worldwide in Formal Education, 1900-2020

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: mythology; education; Latin; Greek; classical education;20th century epistemology;

Clearly, wherever myth forms part of an educational syllabus, value judgements have been made by those who chose the texts, with regard to content, approach, usage, emphases, purpose and many other elements. [...] the present volume examines the reception of such myth within formal education in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries […]. It focuses for the most part on school education, but with forays into post-high school where relevant, and includes a wide geographical and chronological range. With regard to the latter limitations, the general emphasis is on modern day, and the current situation, but as a result of individual historical circumstances in each example (Lisa Maurice, Editor of the Volume). This is a task of paramount importance, as educational processes have a lasting influence on us – all the more so as we are exposed to them already in childhood, when the capacity for critical thinking is being formed by none other than school curricula shaped and developed in specific circumstances. This volume makes us aware of these complex processes, their implications, and the opportunities they create for the future of Classical Antiquity (Katarzyna Marciniak, Editor of the Series).

Ex nummis historia

Ex nummis historia. Szkice o obrazach numizmatycznych w badaniach nad dziejami starożytnego Rzymu

Author(s): Agata A. Kluczek / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Ideological aspect of the Roman coinage; Roman emperor; Imperium Romanum; iconography of coins; Roman ancient coin; medallion

Ex nummis historia… is a study which, while recognising the communicative and ideological importance of coins and medallions in the socio-political life of the Roman Empire, presents the potential of numismatic sources for uncovering the history of ancient Rome. Above all, numismatic artefacts have the unique characteristic of their inherent element of actuality. They are both a part of the ancient world and its “witness.” They document the life of specific communities that used them, as well as the authorities and elites that produced them. Therefore, they provide knowledge about the reality in which they functioned and which they reported in their own way. After all, the images and inscriptions placed on numismats were connected with the state, the authorities, and more broadly with society and its elites. They are unencumbered by any interpretation other than that resulting from the actions of the issuers, who transformed a perceived and important for them piece of ancient reality into these images and slogans. Such documentary freshness is preserved even in those numismats which bear images or inscriptions already used earlier and elsewhere. This wandering of motifs in time or space suggests an appreciation of a given theme, which changed its value and acquired a new meaning, being reborn either in a different period, place or environment. The significant role of coins and medallions — as tools of socio-political communication, carriers of ideological content and documents preserving information about the Roman Empire and its inhabitants encoded in a specific way — results from the great value of numismatic sources in modern historical analyses of Roman history. The publication focuses on the nummographic field of coins and medallions, i.e. that relating to information given in inscriptions and iconography placed on numismats. It omits their unquestionable value in the study of Roman economics and the nummometric plane concerning various measurements of monetary issues and specific numismats. The book discusses, primo, the way in which Roman coin and medallion issuers transmitted into numismatic imagery elements of the reality around them and the tradition they recognized, and the formulas, especially the iconographic ones, to which they resorted when characterizing values, events and figures important to them. Secundo, methods are presented which may help to read the ideological content of numismats and use them to deepen the knowledge of Roman political, social, and cultural history.

Criticism, Skepticism and Zeteticism in Early Greek Philosophy

Krytycyzm, sceptycyzm i zetetycyzm we wczesnej filozofii greckiej

Author(s): Dariusz Kubok / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: criticism; skepticism; zeteticism; Pre-Socratics; Greek philosophy; epistemology; methodology; fallibilism; knowledge; critical thinking

The main objective of the dissertation is to attempt to recognize the foundations of a critical, skeptical and zetetical attitudes in early Greek philosophy. First, the meanings of the terms "criticism", "skepticism" and "zeteticism" are clarified, and their interrelationships are shown. The essential part of the research is a meticulous analysis of early Greek philosophy in the perspective of these attitudes. At the same time, this publication is an outline of a new paradigm for interpreting the beginnings of philosophical reflection. The sources of contemporary doctrines and attitudes as well as the constancy of philosophical problems and the importance of broadly understood criticism have also been shown.

Schole

Schole

Author(s): Sebastian Rajewicz / Language(s): Polish

Keywords: Sparta; classical period; leisure; schole; private time

In collective memory, the image of Sparta is that of a military encampment. In a world where the citizens devoted their lives to war and other needs of the state, there was no place for leisure. The author calls into question this mythologised perception, adopting a new perspective: instead of focusing, following the ancient authors, on the state and its needs, he pays special attention to the private sphere, which is more befitting for a reflection on the titular schole. He demonstrates that the life of Spartans might have resembled life in a military camp only during the period of the famed state education. Once the education was complete, the citizens had abundant leisure time to engage in various activities, including: family life, extramarital unions, pederasty, entertainment during feasts, sport, hunting, and horse and hound breeding.

The Diary of Ferdinand of Schwarzenberg from Years 1686-1688 and 1696-1697

Das Tagebuch Ferdinands zu Schwarzenberg aus den Jahren 1686-1688 und 1696-1697

Author(s): Rostislav Smíšek / Language(s): French,German

Keywords: aristocracy; Bohemia; travelling; Schwarzenberg; Belgium; international relations; Court of Vienna

The edition presents the famous bilingual diary of Prince Ferdinand of Schwarzenberg (1652-1703) which covers the years between 1686 and 1697. The first half of the diary is written in French, the second half in German. Ferdinand of Schwarzenberg was born in present-day Belgium to a French speaking family. The introductory essay discusses his life, his Grand Tour and his career at the court. The diary focuses on his activities at the Court of Vienna which is also expressed by his term 'mon journal des affairs de cour'. Schwarzenberg discussed also international affairs of his times such as the wars with the Ottoman empire in the Balkans or wars against France. The introduction and all comments are written in German.