Search results for: DISPUTATIONES SCIENTIFICAE in All Content

Stoic Virtues in Tertullian’s Works and Their Relation to Cicero

Stoic Virtues in Tertullian’s Works and Their Relation to Cicero

Author(s): Levente Pap / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: virtues; Christianity; Tertullian; Cicero; ancient philosophy

Q. S. F. Tertullian was one of the most prominent writers and apologists of the early Christian Church. He had two important goals with his works: on the one hand, to introduce, according to the spirit of the age, the Christian teachings embedded in contemporary Roman culture; on the other hand, to highlight and emphasize the difference between the Christian teachings and the pagan ideas. This dichotomy is characteristic of his ethical teachings as well: while he emphasizes the importance of the Christian virtues, he does not forget about their philosophical background either. Tertullian demonstrably considered Stoic philosophy as the most acceptable philosophical thinking. Virtues have an important status in the teachings of the stoic body, just as they are a fundamental part of Christian ethics. The question arises whether Tertullian’s views on virtues could have been influenced by his pagan Roman ancestor, M. T. Cicero, who also shared stoic doctrines. This is the question the present lecture tries to answer.

The Historians Of Philosophy And Late Scholastics: The Case Of Descares’ Theory Of Ideas

Istoričari filozofije i kasna sholastika - slučaj Dekartove teorije ideja

Author(s): Predrag Milidrag / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2010

Keywords: theory of ideas; late scholastics; Francisco Suárez; Norman J. Wells; conceptus formalis.

The article analyzes the development of the research of late scholastics sources of Descartes’ theory of ideas. In the first part, it analyzes long time dominant opinion among the historians of philosophy that Descartes’ theory of ideas is an epistemology in its essence. The reasons for abandoning of such, mainly neokantian image were the appearance of the new generation of the historians of philosophy that investigated the non-metaphysical areas of Descartes’ thought, as well as the new interpretations of the very late scholastics philosophy. In second part of the essay, it is shown why late scholastics is relevant for Descartes, and not, for example, Tomas Aquinas and why Francisco Suárez is especially important in the context of Descartes theory of ideas.

Why did Romans reject forbearance of early Christian communities?

Prečo Rimania odmietali kresťanskú statočnosť?

Author(s): Juraj Šúst / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 4/2007

Keywords: Romans; Christian communities; Cicero

Present essay aims to answer one question: why did Romans reject forbearance of early Christian communities? First part of answer is that they understood Christianity as irrational eastern religious superstition. The second part is however more important: it says that so called superstition eroded social and political unity.

New Books on Ancient Philosophy and Science from the Region of South-eastern Europe (2005)

New Books on Ancient Philosophy and Science from the Region of South-eastern Europe (2005)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2005

Keywords: bibliography; list of books

A Bibliography

First promise of a national science

Egy nemzeti tudomány első ígérete

Author(s): Péter Dávidházi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 07/2002

Keywords: literary history; nationalism and scholarship

The study is a chapter in a monography in progress about Ferenc Toldy, the "founding father" of Hungarian literary history writing. It investigates the ideology of Toldy on the basis of the two Latin mottos at the beginning of his first work in the history of literature.

CONSOLATIONS FOR MELANCHOLY IN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM

CONSOLATIONS FOR MELANCHOLY IN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM

Author(s): Angus GOWLAND / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2012

Keywords: Consolation; Melancholy; Renaissance Humanism; Psychology; Rhetoric; Passions; Imagination

This essay explores the role of melancholy within the consolatory literature of Renaissance humanism. It begins (sections I-II) with a summary of the themes and methods of humanist consolationes and their classical models, with particular attention to their moral psychology, and addresses their relationship with scripture and Christian spiritual literature. It then turns to the position of melancholy within humanist consolations (sections III-VI). It is shown that whilst in many cases moralists and spiritual writers were reluctant invade the territory of the physicians by analysing or treating a fundamentally somatic condition, discussions of the accidentia animi in Galenic medicine provided the conceptual environment within which a moral-consolatory therapy for melancholy could be formulated and applied. Here the role of the imagination was crucial: as the primarily affected part in the disease, it was the faculty of the soul that was primarily responsible for melancholic passions, but also the faculty that presented the physician and moralist with the opportunity to dispel or alleviate those passions. Hence, the imagination was at the centre of a moral psychology of melancholy. The final sections of the essay (V-VI) show that the fullest implementation of this approach to the treatment of melancholy was in Robert Burton’s ‘Consolatory Digression’ in The Anatomy of Melancholy (1621), which both synthesises the various moral, spiritual and psychological elements of the humanist consolatory tradition, and contains a number of idiosyncratic and paradoxical features.

Late Antique Dalmatia and Pannonia in Cassiodorus' Variae (Addenda)

Late Antique Dalmatia and Pannonia in Cassiodorus' Variae (Addenda)

Author(s): Hrvoje Gračanin / Language(s): English / Issue: 50/2016

Keywords: Late Antique Dalmatia and Pannonia;Cassiodorus' Variae

Since the publication of the article in the December 2015 issue of the Povijesni prilozi (vol. 49) the author has noticed ommissions that he was obliged to correct. The additions are concerned with one letter that he has overlooked previously (the letter 3.7 addressed to Bishop Ianuarius of Salona). It has to be stressed that these ommissions in no way change the overall historical picture presented and conclusions drawn in the previous article. The numbers in the underlined brackets indicate the pages in the article, where the additions should be inserted.

The Aristoxenian Theory of Soul as Harmony

The Aristoxenian Theory of Soul as Harmony

Author(s): Anna Maria Laskowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 61/2016

Keywords: Aristoxenus; Cicero; Phaedo; soul; harmony; hermosmenon; form

Aristoxenus of Tarentum (c. 360 - 300) was one of the most talented Aristotle’s students. He is known mainly as the greatest musicologist of Ancient Greece, author of Elementa harmonica and Elementa rhythmica, the oldest preserved treatises on music. The aim of this article is to reconstruct of his theory of the soul that survived to our times in the form of synoptic remarks of Cicero and Lactantius. In these fragments it is clearly stated that Aristoxenus considered soul as harmony. This vision seems to echo an old concept, mentioned already in Platonic dialogue Phaedo that soul is like harmony in the musical instrument and in consequence it is mortal. But it can be shown that the Aristoxenian theory of soul is different from the Platonic exposition. The misinterpretation of Aristoxenus’ thought by Cicero and then by Lactantius is based on a sort of simplification or/and misunderstanding of the vocabulary used by Aristoxenus, especially of the term harmony. Aristoxenus in his theory of music is not using the term ἁρμονία in the sense of a perfect joining of the opposites as was Plato, but applies it only for denoting a type of musical scale (next to the diatonic and chromatic one). The word that corresponds to the idea of harmony in music was τὸ ἡρμοσμένον, (to hermosmenon), i.e. what is harmonized. By showing the significance of this term it can be demonstrated that Aristoxenus, against the opinion of Cicero and Lactantius, developed a doctrine of the soul different from Plato.

Cicero’s Metaphors Being Derived from Navigation and Aspects of the Sea

Cicero’nun Eserlerinde Denizcilik Kaynaklı Eğretilemeler

Author(s): Çağatay Aşkit / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 86/2016

Keywords: figures of speech; metaphor; Cicero; navigation; rhetoric;

Metaphor is derived from the ancient Greek verb metapherein which means to carry across or to transfer. Ancient Roman authors used the word translatio derived from verb transferre. Metaphor is a word or phrase which belongs properly to one subject, but transfered to another on the grounds of similarity or comparison between them. The area from which the proper word is borrowed is denoted by source of the metaphor. Like any other literatures, metaphors are also widely used in Latin literature. The commonest metaphors of Latin poets and writers are derived from navigation and aspects of the sea, farming, breeding animals, slavery, military, fire and flame, hunting and circus games. All these sources, especially navigation and aspects of the sea, are frequently seen in works of Marcus Tullius Cicero, the most significant character of Roman rhetoric, philosophy and politics in 1st BC. In this study, the theories on the definition and purposes of metaphor in ancient rhetorical treatises will be summarized initially, then will be focused on Cicero’s works which includes his judical and deliberative speeches, philospohical treatises and his letters. The metaphors derived from navigation will be detected and categorized on the basis of borrowed words. The aim of this study is to recollect this kind of metaphors as a corpus which scattered among his works. Each category will be commented by selecting examplary phrases and the rest which bears the same meaning will be listed below. Exemplary phrases are in Latin in the main text, translations in footnotes.

THE RELATION BETWEEN PHYSICS AND METAPHYSICS IN DESCARTES AND THE EARLY FRENCH CARTESIANS

THE RELATION BETWEEN PHYSICS AND METAPHYSICS IN DESCARTES AND THE EARLY FRENCH CARTESIANS

Author(s): Grigore Vida / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: physics;

The reductionist anthropology and human safety. The study of Parfit’s concept of survival

The reductionist anthropology and human safety. The study of Parfit’s concept of survival

Author(s): Teresa Grabińska / Language(s): English / Issue: 13/2015

Keywords: bioethics;constitutive reductionism;personal identity;safety of survival;

In the face of the ideology and the practice of transhumanism and of dynamically developing technologies of genetics, robotics, information science and the nanotechnology the essential changes of the condition of the individual and social life are becoming more and more real. Most general visualising these progressive changes and threats they are carrying which, was conducted as part of the so-called constitutive reductionism by Derek Parfit. In the article there is discussing Parfit’s analyses in the context of bioethics problems.

Sources for the Textual Commentary of the 1593 Jakub Wujek’s New Testament Translation. Study of Acts 2:14–36

Sources for the Textual Commentary of the 1593 Jakub Wujek’s New Testament Translation. Study of Acts 2:14–36

Author(s): Paulina Nicko-Stępień / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Keywords: Jakub Wujek; Reformation; renaissance; Bible; Robert Bellarmine; Rheims; Peter’s primacy

The purpose of the article is to indicate sources for the textual commentary of the 1593 Jakub Wujek’s New Testament translation. This issue will be shown by the example of Acts 2:14–36. In his translation work, the Jesuit used the 1582 Rheims New Testament in English and a Latin commentary by Robert Bellarmine entitled Disputationes Christianae Fidei. The problem of sources for the Wujek’s New Testament translation was until now almost completely unresearched or researched erroneously. However, the collation of Wujek’s commentary with the commentaries from Bellamine’s work and the Rheims New Testament led to surprising results: Jakub Wujek, one of the most distinguished sixteenth-century biblical translators, most probably knew English and his textual commentary on the 1593 New Testament is a compilation of texts of the two above-mentioned works. This means that as a commentator Wujek was largely reproductive and dependent on sources and he did not use the works of the Church Fathers directly, but quoted passages from the already existing compendia.

Library of the collegiate chapter in Wieluń in the light of the inventory from 1766

Biblioteka kapituły kolegiackiej w Wieluniu w świetle inwentarza z 1766 roku

Author(s): Tomasz Stolarczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 11/2011

The aim of this article is presentation of the collegial church library in Wieluń and its XVIII century book collection. That is based on the Latin inventory Libri Bibliothecae which was a part of the records from the Wielun collegial church inspection provided on 23rd of June, 1766 by Ignacy Augustyn Sariusz Kozierowski, the subsidiary bishop of archdeaconate in Gniezno. The library was archived in the diocese of Wrocławek. The library stored at that time about 800 volumes. In order to make a review of its resources, the books from the inventory were sorted in relation to their content, and ascribed to particular sections according to a classification typical for church libraries such as Bibles and concordances, comments to bible, fathers, doctors and apologists of the Church, speculative and dogmatic theology, moral theology, preaching, polemists, hagiography, ascetism, mysticism, passions, catechetic, liturgics, ecclesiastical and lay law, philosophy, church and lay history, ancient authors, humanists, dictionaries, tables and miscellaneous. In the middle of XVIII century, the collection included the biggest number of preachings, about 50 volumes, while the less represented were passions, just 2 volumes. The second largest sector was miscellaneous items with 30 volumes. Church authors significantly dominated over the lay authors. The core of the collection consisted of Jesuits’ writings. Widely represented were also Dominicans and Franciscans. There was lack of books on church history while there were 5 volumes on lay history. The belles-lettres books in Polish were also absent, therefore it was typical a church library of that time.

The Beginnings of Hungarian Political Science. Political Disputations of Hungarian-born Students at German Universities in the 17th Century

Die Anfänge der ungarischen Staatswissenschaft. Politikwissenschaftliche Disputationen von ungarnstämmigen Studenten an deutschen Universitäten im 17. Jahrhundert

Author(s): Béla Szabó / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: Hungary; German Universities; political science; early modern universities; education history;

Over the past fifteen years, Hungarian literary historians have outlined an idea of an interdisciplinary research program that aimed at exploring the early modern history of Hungarian political thinking. One of the most important elements of the proposed work has been to ensure the availability of the texts to be analysed (or analysable) for the purposes of research. The texts to be considered for research purposes are coming from highly various genres. One of the less well-known and less exploited types of texts to be analysed are pamphlets (disputations) that are related to the politics of the period and that educated the dozens of Hungarian peregrinating students who were raised in the 17th century. Contemporary students could gain an insight through these texts and disputes into one of the most popular disciplines of the era, the fundamentals of political science.The study and its annex attempt to identify all the disputations that were protected by students from Hungary or Transylvania at a university of Germany and the Netherlands in the 17th century. It gives an overview of the role of the disputes in the education and their place in contemporary political science. It compares the features available from the database of 3000 disputes protected at German universities with the similar data from its own collection.In these so far underrated works, we should recognize the first traces of theoretical foundation of the Hungarian political thinking.

How is it Possible the Understanding of Timeless God

Ako možno chápať bezčasového Boha

Author(s): Peter Volek / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 3/2018

Keywords: eternity of God; divine timelessness; divine temporality; factual knowledge; propositional knowledge;

Eternity is one of the main properties of God. It can be understood either classically as timelessness, or as temporality in the modern understanding. One of the main objections against divine timelessness holds that a timeless God cannot act in the world; thus he cannot even create, or sustain the universe in existence. The reasons for such statements are that a timeless God cannot know what in the world happens earlier or later, and he cannot know what events are past, present, and future. Timeless God is supposed to only possess factual knowledge; he would have no propositional knowledge, as we humans have it. Against this, it could be argued that while God has only factual knowledge, he can still know what humans know through his insight into their consciousness. Direct knowledge of God is factual, but indirectly he can know propositional knowledge through his knowledge of human time experience, which is a part of human propositional knowledge. This way God can know time experience of individual humans, but he is knowing this in his essence, in his consciousness. The objection against the possibility of a timeless God’s acting within the world through creation and sustenance, and hence against the timeless understanding of God, is thus refuted.

Intersections between Diplomacy and Philosophy: Athens, Rome

Diplomatijos ir filosofijos sankirtos: Atėnai, Roma

Author(s): Tatjana Aleknienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 97/2020

Keywords: diplomacy; history of philosophy; rhetoric; philology; sophistic;

The political context of Greek philosophy and its political themes are the subject of numerous studies, but the relation between diplomacy and philosophy, to the best of my knowledge, has not yet been studied. In this article I examine two episodes of diplomatic missions that have left a clear mark on the history of philosophy and I try to show that the link between the history of diplomacy and the history of philosophy is neither accidental nor superficial.

Fr. Vicko Kapitanović and the Research of the Croatian Philosophical Heritage

Fra Vicko Kapitanović i istraživanje hrvatske filozofske baštine

Author(s): Dario Škarica,Ivan Macut / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 3/2020

Keywords: Fr. Vicko Kapitanović; history of Croatian philosophy; Franciscan Province of the Most Holy Redeemer; history of education; philosophical manuscripts; Scotism;

The Croatian philosophical heritage is an ongoing research task. There are not many who have dedicated themselves to this task. One of those who recognized the importance of the topic was Fr. Vicko Kapitanović, a Franciscan and historian. The importance of his research work in this area is expressed in the fact that he thoroughly researched, listed, described and brought to light numerous Latin philosophical manuscripts from the 18th and 19th centuries that are kept in the monasteries of the Franciscan Province of the Most Holy Redeemer in Makarska, Šibenik, Visovac, Živogošće, Split, Sinj, Omiš, Zaostrog, Sumartin and Karin. In addition, in presenting individual philosophical manuscripts, Kapitanović regularly describes the history of the monastic philosophical schools in question, stating in detail, as far as possible, the data on the Franciscan philosophers who taught at these colleges. This paper presents Kapitanović’s valuable contribution to the research of the history of Croatian philosophy.

Sebastian Stepan: Scaevola noster

Sebastian Stepan: Scaevola noster

Author(s): Stefano Barbati / Language(s): Italian / Issue: 2/2020

Review of: Sebastian Stepan, Scaevola noster Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2018, X-273 S., ISBN 978-3-16155600-9

Magnae Moraviae Fontes Historici. I: Annales et chronice / Prameny k dějinám Velké Moravy. I: Letopisy a kroniky, ed. Dagmar Bartoňková, David Kalhous, Jiří K. Kroupa, Zdeněk Měřínský, Anna Žáková, Koniasch Latin Press, Praha 2019, ss. XXII + 506, II

Magnae Moraviae Fontes Historici. I: Annales et chronice / Prameny k dějinám Velké Moravy. I: Letopisy a kroniky, ed. Dagmar Bartoňková, David Kalhous, Jiří K. Kroupa, Zdeněk Měřínský, Anna Žáková, Koniasch Latin Press, Praha 2019, ss. XXII + 506, II

Author(s): Wojciech Jasiński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2021

Liliana Hentosh. Metropolitan Sheptyts'kyi 1923-1939: A Test of Ideals

Liliana Hentosh. Mytropolyt Sheptyts'kyi 1923-1939: Vyprobuvannia idealiv

Author(s): Andrii Krawchuk / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

REVIEW OF: Liliana Hentosh. Mytropolyt Sheptyts'kyi 1923-1939: Vyprobuvannia idealiv [Metropolitan Sheptyts'kyi 1923-1939: A Test of Ideals]. VNTL-Klasyka, 2015. xii, 588 pp. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliography. Name Index.