By means of implicit or explicit illocutionary acts, as well assome pseudo-questions, advertisement makers create the illusionof interactivity between the two poles of communication inadvertising. But in reality this communication is the monopolyof the sender, and mainly has a monologue structure.
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Keywords: act of manipulation; data processing; illegal transfer of property
Frequently in the judicial practice but also in the doctrine there have been difficulties in delimiting the computer offense from the deceiving offense. Often this relationship was interpreted in the sense that it was about two competing offenses affecting different social values - namely those of patrimonial type and those referring to normal operation of information systems. The doctrine observes that with the technological revolution, the opportunities to commit crimes against patrimony have multiplied. Goods that are represented or taken from information systems (electronic funds, deposits, etc.) have become targets of manipulation, as the traditional forms of property. Such offenses usually are done by entering incorrect data into a system through manipulation programs or other interference during processing. This article aims at incriminating any act of free handling as in data processing with the intention to operate an illegal transfer of property. Such offenses are usually achieved by entering incorrect data into a system through manipulation of programs or other interference during processing data. This article aims at incriminating any act of manipulation without the right in the data processing with the intention of operating an illegal transfer of property. (Dobrinoiu, etal., 2012)
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Keywords: Science education; Science teachers’ network; PROFILES Project
At present, Science teachers’ networks offer proper environments for exchanging ideas and good practices, but also for promoting knowledge. In Europe, such networks have been established in the past, but in Romania, Science teachers’ networks are relative new, just few attempts at local level being recorded. Recently, a successful network has been set up in the frame of the FP7 European Research Project “PROFILES - Professional Reflection-Oriented Focus on Inquiry-based Learning and Education through Science”. The PROFILES network has been set up during the implementation of the accredited “PROFILES - Education through Science” CPD programme, started in spring 2011 with 32 members. The paper presents the steps followed by the PROFILES team to create the nucleus of a Science Teachers network, to develop the number of network members and to maintain the connection between them after the PROFILES project end.
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Keywords: lifelong learning; globalization; network
In order to decide on an education necessity, one has to answer the question “What and who do we organize a certain educational process or system for and why do we organize it in a certain way and not otherwise?”. In order to decide on an education necessity one must also answer the question “What social problems does the educational process or system we devised solve?”. The problem of permanent vocational training is important in sustaining the vocational conversion of the working class. A change of views and mentality is desirable regarding vocational training, in the sense that people need to be more aware of the importance of permanent learning, more motivated in order to broaden their horizon and more willing to develop their professional skills.
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Keywords: interactive-participative teaching strategies; RRI; Science education; students’ opinion; ENGAGE project.
Nowadays the mankind is facing more and more difficult problems concerning the environment and life quality that ask for more and more people involved to solve them. In this context, education has a special role to bring in attention the importance of Science knowledge in each individual’s development. Thus, there is very important to increase the students’ interest and motivation to learn more about the Science and Technology and how to this in their daily life. One of the new concepts introduced in Science education was Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) with the hope that involving teachers and students in understanding the role of RRI dimensions we’ll obtain sustainable interactions between schools, research institutions, industry, governance and civil society organisations. It was proved that implementation of RRI principles in Science lessons enhance students’ engagement in solving different scientific problems, increase the critical thinking and develop their collaborative skills. Introducing the ethics and governance as RRI dimensions in students’ attention will develop their responsibility for solving the complex problems of our world. Due to these benefits, European Union decided to finance different projects to implement RRI in Science Education. One of those projects was the ENGAGE Project (“Equipping the Next Generation for Active Engagement in Science Equipping the Next Generation”, www.engagingscience.eu), developed in the frame of Seventh Framework Programme. This paper presents the students’ opinion obtained at the end of the ENGAGE project in Romania, during the ENGAGE RRI Festival held in Targoviste, on March 3rd, 2017.
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Keywords: EU; US; diplomacy.
The concept of economic diplomacy is rather new for the practitioners of the traditional foreign policy of the states across the Globe. From an European perspective in the context of the currently negotiated free trade agreement with the USA, this emerging diplomatic type becomes the central point of the national 28 Member States Agendas, situation that is also valid for Romania and its two EU neighbors – Bulgaria and Hungary. Even though form an economic point of view these three European countries don’t share similarities concerning their transatlantic relations with USA, the three diplomatic agendas and the internal institutional structure is similar. The outcome of practicing a fair economic diplomacy on the American territory follows the same aim – attracting investments, promoting trade and the internationalization of the small-and-medium –sized enterprises. Even if the negotiations of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) are not close to be ended, these three countries seem to have acquired one of the most valuable lessons –replacing the traditional diplomacy with technology and new practice styles, together with reorienting the activity of the national responsible institutions towards international actions, transatlantic actions.
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Keywords: Educational platforms; Massive Open Online Courses; Moodle; open edX
Traditional eLearning platforms are teacher centred and do not allow open and free access to education. To follow a course on a traditional platform the students must have a certain profile (knowledge background) and, at the end, they obtain new knowledge / abilities / competences. In 2011-2012 have been developed the first MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) platforms with the aim to vastly increase access to education. The MOOC platforms have some differences compared to traditional eLearning platforms: the number of students in a course can be very high (tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands), the role of the tutor is less significant, the learning assessment is based on surveys and peer assessments and courses may be enriched with multimedia and hypermedia materials. Among MOOC platforms, open edX is a very popular platform developed by a consortium of universities from USA. Due to the fact, this platform can be installed for free, it is under continuous development, scalable and well documented, it has been chosen for many educational projects. This paper presents a comparative analysis between a traditional learning platform (Moodle) and a MOOC platform (open edX) taking into consideration the data achieved in four educational projects.
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Keywords: European Researchers Night; Responsible Research and Innovation; non-formal education; nanomaterials; exhibition; demonstration; IRRESISTIBLE project.
As already known, one of the most attracting event organized for general public is represented by the European Researchers’ Night, which targets to bring near Science and Research all the interested actors, having actually a major coverage in more than 30 countries and almost 300 cities, being organized on the last Friday, in September.On the other hand, this event offers a good opportunity for disseminating the outputs designed in several projects that have as objective to promote science and scientific literacy to different target groups, starting from the young learners, to various stakeholders, less or not involved in research activities. In this respect, in the frame of the FP7 project called IRRESISTIBLE, in Romania, the European Researchers’ Night was organized at the National Complex Museum “Curtea Domnească” Târgovişte (History Museum & Museum of Romanian Police), gathering scientific demonstrations, interactive presentations, experimental activities and discussions, but also a dedicated Science exhibition, named: “The World of Nanomaterials and Solar Energy”. Most of the visitors were young students, but also general public was interested to participate to this event. The paper illustrates some aspects related to the participation to the event, but also the feedback recorded from the participants concerning responsible research and innovation aspects that have to be retrieved in the educational practice.
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Keywords: Social Influence; Social Strategy; Russia; Social Media; Public Diplomacy; International Relations;
The social networks generated an environment which empowers both citizens and politicians and puts diplomats under public scrutiny in a way that the main stream media was unable to do previously. Social media is being used in ways that shape politics,business, world culture, international relations, education, careers, innovation, and more.One of the ways that social media has transformed politics is the sheer speed at which news,poll results and rumors are shared. Political campaigns are now influenced by every story,whether true or not, that gets spread around social media. It’s getting more and more difficult to separate actual news from fake news online. Social media makes this distinction especially confusing. The constant stream of links and rumors about political leaders and candidates is a mixture of truth, lies, satire and speculation. As part of this worldwide campaign, states disseminate their influence according to their objectives. For instance, Russian social media posts have a visible influence in Baltics, Ukraine, and other nearby states through a variety of means, including traditional and social media. The purpose of this paper is to get a better understanding of the nature and effectiveness of pro-Russia outreach on social media and identify counter-messaging opportunities. There are other more nuanced questions about the role of social media and online communities in International Relations whose effects are not so easily apparent. International Relations as a discipline has only recently begun to engage with the growth of social media and its implications for global politics. But if the current climate is anything to go by, social media is well on the way to disrupt the traditional channels and methods of diplomacy.
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Keywords: alliances; strategic partnerships; global security; peace; world economy.
Alliances and partnerships are one of the modern world systems built by great efforts in almost three quarters of a century. However, in the last two decades, there have been difficulties in finding a consensus on the characteristics of strategic alliances adapted to new developments. If we refer to the United States, not only have they achieved a leading position using this instrument, but they are at the top of two thirds of the world’s economic activity; they also have a similar activity in terms of military expenditures. Yet, as Michael Mullen said in relation to current partnerships, we cannot continue to make an integrated version of what we have done in the past.Finding a new model for alliances and partnerships does not mean that traditional alliances,based on a set of tactics whose strategic utility has been widely demonstrated over the last century, are overcome. But it suggests the need for another dynamic, based on the new identities and new features of the context, with a fundamental role in an ever-changing, constantly changing landscape with a direct link to the new predicted dynamic of power.
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Keywords: Digital age; self-presentation; communication with others in the digital age;
Many of us were raised to be unconcerned about what other people thought of us. We probably remember our apprehension about meeting new people, and asking our parents for advice. To which, our parents would usually reply for usto be ourselves and to not worry about what other people will think.
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Keywords: anime; popular culture; identity; otherness; transfictionality;
The power of popular culture to erase the border between fiction and reality is a point in “dialogue” for many studies of culture, media and society nowadays. One of its most successful forms, Japanese animation, widely known as anime (F. Schodt, 1997), is a productive subject for academic analysis and research as it departs from another strong cultural product (Japanese comics or manga), creates complex narrative universes and manages to have a global appeal, beyond nation, race, age and so on. As Susan Napier, a renowned Japanese popular culture researcher, underlines, anime can be considered “the Other of animation” that offers “an exhilarating vision of difference in which identity can be technological, mythological, or simply an ecstatic process of constant metamorphosis” and that can be defined as a strong form of expression “in the new transnational culture” (p.292, 2005). The current paper addresses the issues of “identity” and “Otherness” as stated above in order to tap into the larger debate on culture, globalization and transnational/transcultural flows and problematize concepts such as remediation (J. Bolter and R. Grusin, 2000), transmedia storytelling (H. Jenkins, 2006) or transfictionality (M.L. Ryan, 2013). Moreover, with a focus on Shakespeare’s plays or themes in anime adaptation, the larger context of intertextuality and interculturality will be tackled with, in order to offer various perspectives on the global world and the current role that Japanese popular culture as soft power is taking in today’s mediascape.
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Keywords: communicational genuineness; intertextual dialogue; parodic dialogue;
Recent studies focus on literature as dialogue, emphasizing the “communicational genuineness” (Roger D. Sell), seen as the essential condition for the survival of works of art. A wide range of great writers, from Shakespeare to Harold Pinter, was analyzed from the perspective of the permanently fluctuating dialogue engaged with their readers over the years. The same framework can be applied to I.L. Caragiale, Romania’s greatest playwright, whose work has fascinated generations of readers partly due to its ability to stimulate a valid dialogue between its dramatic and prose texts, mostly ironical, and “Mr. X, the Reader” (in Caragiale’s own terms). This paper does not, however, restrict itself to pointing out this type of dialogic interaction. It also aims at analyzing the way in which Caragiale’s work is continuously engaged in an intertextual dialogue with other writers, generating a kind of “second degree literature” (G. Genette), manifested as recognisable Post-Caragialian tradition. In this case, the reader is invited to decode the more or less hidden marks of Caragiale’s voice communicating with writers who deliberately host his texts within their own. In other words and paraphrasing G. Genette’s famous distinctions, this specific dialogue of texts takes the form of Caragiale’s “hypotext” enriching a constellation of “hypertexts” through innumerable insertions of quotations, allusions, or just infinitesimal “intertextual traces ” (Riffaterre) perceivable in palimpsest. Al. O. Teodoreanu’s sketches, Camil Petrescu’s play Mitică Popescu, Mircea Horia Simionescu’s short-story The Fast Train of Compliments, Ioan Lăcustă’s series of sketches Waiting at Mr. Caragiale’s Door, Cristian Popescu’ poem They Had to Have a Name are examples of texts which are based on the implied parodic dialogue with Caragiale’s work, making it, through this genuine “labyrinth of lens” (Richard Kearney), the modern reader’s centre of attention.
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Keywords: economic assessment; potential; EUSDR; European Union
The chapter performs an economic assessment of the territory adjacent to the Danube for identifying the potential elements within the framework of the European Union Strategy for the Danube Region.
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Keywords: Serbia; media; transparency; Vesna Pesić; freedom of expression; human rights; Nebojša Stefanović; Ministry of Police;
„Policajci su zveri u uniformi. Oni su se sveli na mentalni stepen novorođenčadi, zahvaljujući zahvatu `španska kragna`, koji uče i praktikuju sa brutalnom spontanošću, umesto da se prema ljudima odnose razborito i brižno”. „Njihovo ponašanje je tako tipično za ono što postepeno postaje javni imidž policijskih snaga, od koga se brane maltretiranjem, lažiranjem, protivpravnim akcijama, sujeverjem, prenagljenošću i neukošću.“ Ne, ovo nije izrekla niti napisala Vesna Pešić, novinarka ovdašnja. Ne, ove rečenice nikad do sad nisu bile objavljene na sajtu Peščanika. Njih je zapisao književnik Thorgeir Thorgeirson, građanin Islanda. Objavljene su u dva članka dnevnog lista Morgunbladid od 7. i 20. XII 1983. (videti presudu Evropskog suda za ljudska prava, pritužba br. 13778/88 od 25. VI 1992, §§ 14. i 15). Zbog ovih rečenica Thorgeirson je bio optužen i konačno osuđen da plati novčanu kaznu. Odluku je potvrdio Vrhovni sud Islanda. Ali Thorgeirson (da li zbog prirođene protestantske etike, da li od duga vremena, ili usled lične upornosti) se sa osudom nije pomirio, već se obratio Evropskom sudu za ljudska prava.
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Keywords: Entrepreneur;success;motivation;factors;manager;
This paper represents the quintessence of our own research on the critical success factors identified by analysing the lives and deeds of 10 world leaders from an entrepreneurial perspective. In the research we looked for the answers to a series of questions such as: What defines these action people, who have calculated and taken risks to achieve the proposed objectives? What motivated these personalities to conquer minds, hearts, and territories? Where did they get the courage, they needed to act according to their dream? What were their strengths? What defines and differentiates a successful manager? Where is the boundary between the managerial style beneficial to the organization and the sinusoidal approach of the managerial path? The paper was made by substantiating these answers and developing a list of determining factors in achieving the success of an entrepreneur. The results obtained constitute a decalogue for entrepreneurs to achieve added value for the businesses they implement.
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Keywords: Cryptocurrency market;accounting;financial reporting;accounting policies;digital revolution;
The regulation of the cryptocurrency market is becoming an increasingly debated topic in the context of the transition to the digital economy and the health security procedures adopted by the authorities in this period dominated by the pandemic and economic crisis. In this context, we propose a prospective analysis of the effects of legislative regulation and the shift to the cryptocurrency market as a unit supporting digitization. The methods and procedures used in the analysis aim to obtain the staging of the interaction between the accounting system and the cryptocurrency trading processes. Thus, we will address the issue of the digital economy and the effects produced by it, and the result of this approach will be to identify viable solutions that will prevent certain effects on financial reporting and limit tax evasion or other money laundering techniques as a result of the widespread transition to this trading system. The results obtained will be useful to economic decision-makers and tax authorities concerned with these aspects of economic development.
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Keywords: intangible assets;stocks;currencies;
Lately, there have been many questions from specialists regarding the accountability of cryptocurrency. The lack of a legislation has allowed them to be interpreted as either intangible assets or stocks, even though Romania owns the biggest transaction platform in Eastern Europe (Bitcoin Romania). National Bank of Romania (NBR) acknowledges the lack of regulations and supervisions regarding cryptocurrency, regarding them as “speculative assets, extremely volatile and risky”. Simultaneously, this brings to attention the fact that these are not national coins nor currencies, and accepting them as a payment method isn’t, legally speaking, mandatory.
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Keywords: cryptocurrency; audit; audit procedures; accounting
Every year, the cryptocurrency is more active in the global financial market, offering users more convenient and cheaper terms of payment. In addition, it allows you to receive financial income, makes it more and more competitive in the electronic money market. Over the past decade, it is cryptocurrency that has provided the largest increase in the value of assets and the number of services for the population and business. Accordingly, both accounting and auditing are obliged to meet the challenges of the modern economy. The use of cryptocurrency primarily influences the choice of audit procedures. Since, along with traditional audit procedures, it is important to apply new methods to reduce the risks of inaccurate currency valuation and identify possible fraud. The procedures, along with the validation of reporting figures, should ensure that the business is held accountable to the public for the veracity of transactions. While this is more like cybersecurity, its assessment should also be a major part of the expert audit process. Our study summarized the theory and practice of auditing cryptocurrency transactions, analyzed the main procedures and proposed our own audit sequence in accordance with the International Standards for Quality Control, Auditing, Reviews, and other assignments. Auditors do not assess the state of cybersecurity, however, they use information, the veracity of which is associated with the risks of unauthorized access to IT systems and data. Therefore, for a cryptocurrency, the state and assessment of the IT system of an enterprise has a direct impact on the indicators of financial statements.
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Keywords: Abstract art; Antroposophy; Contemporary art; Hilma af Klint; Mysticism; Symbolism;
The main aim of this paper is to study the mysticism of the Swedish artist Hilma af Klint (1862–1944) in relation to her religious experience and her searching for existential answers through contact with divine entities. Although the identity of these figures is not clear, we are aware of their familiarity with Christian beliefs. Thus, in this paper we attempt to approach Af Klint’s Christian, metaphysical and anthroposophical message by analysing her notebooks. Particularly, we focus on the symbolic aspect of one of them made between 1919 and 1920, entitled Flowers, Mosses, and Lichens.
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