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The Importance of Contrastive Approach in Teaching a Foreign Language – an Example of the Acquisition of Croatian by Polish Speakers

Važnost kontrastivnog pristupa u poučavanju stranoga jezika – primjer ovladavanja hrvatskim za poljske govornike

Author(s): Ivana Vidovic Bolt,Ana Kodrić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 05/2013

Keywords: Polish students; Croatian as L2; interference

This paper describes the experience of working with a homogeneous group of students, ages 18–25 years old, who studied Croatian as a first or a second foreign Slavic language. A few, isolated examples showcase analysis of errors recorded or documented in tests, dictations, and essays as well as oral and written communication with Polish students of Croatian language. The errors are mistakes that reflect interference, the similarities between the two languages. Given the limited space in this paper, w e will not offer strategies or tips to avoid these mistakes effectively.

The Dead

Mrtvi

Author(s): Mile Stojić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 18/1996

Croatian cultural component of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Hrvatska kulturološka sastavnica Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Srećko M. Džaja / Language(s): / Issue: 42/2015

Specifičnost inkulturacije Hrvata u kršćanski svijet, koja Hrvate čini jedinstvenim među europskim narodima, jest u tome što je taj proces od ranoga srednjeg vijeka pa do modernih sekularizacijskih vremena nakon Francuske revolucije (1789-1799) bio dvojezičan (latinski i slavenski/hrvatski jezik) i tropismen (latinica, glagoljica i ćirilica). Pri tome “se ne radi o naporednom postojanju učene latinske naobrazbe i pučkoga jezika neukih, što je inače karakteristično za europski Zapad, nego o dvije podjednako učene i školovane pismene tradicije” – kako je to istakao hrvatski filolog, indoeuropeist i književni povjesničar Radoslav Katičić u svome standardnom djelu Litterarum studia. Katičić sustavno elaborira kulturno srastanje između zatečenoga romanskog pučanstva i doseljenih Hrvata. Taj je kulturološki proces trajao do u kasni srednji vijek odnosno sve do humanizma i renesanse u 15. st. Još se u 15. st. u političkim tijelima Dubrovačke Republike raspravljalo na raguzijskom, dakle romanskom jeziku, a posljednji govornik veljatskoga, tj. romanskog idioma na otoku Krku umro je 1898. g.

History of healthcare in Derventa until World War II

Povijest derventskog zdravstva do II. svjetskog rata

Author(s): Petar A. Ćosić / Language(s): / Issue: 42/2015

U čovjeku je od iskona bila prisutna težnja za opstankom i zaštitom zdravlja i života. U ostvarivanja toga cilja on je, i u derventskom kraju, poduzimao pojedine mjere na zaštiti zdravlja i života koje su u određenim povijesnim prilikama poprimale i organizacijska obilježja. Međutim, samostalna bosanska država, po svom geografskom položaju bila je dugo u sferi interesa Rima i Bizanta, pa se vječito borila za samoodržanje. Njezine vjekovne borbe imale su za posljedicu slabljenje vlastitog razvoja, što se značajno odražavalo i kroz zdravstveno stanje stanovništva.

SOME THOUGHTS ON UNIVERSITY, PUBLIC GOOD AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY

O UNIVERZITETU, JAVNOM DOBRU I DRUŠTVENIM NEJEDNAKOSTIMA

Author(s): Zlatan Delić / Language(s): / Issue: 1/2015

Visoko obrazovanje moguće je analizirati iz različitih perspektiva, kao što su znanstvena, pravna, politička, tržišna, organizaciona, kulturološka, ideološka i sl. Obrazovne institucije i načini na koje su one organizirane i kontrolirane integralno su povezani sa načinima na koje određeni ljudi osiguravaju pristup ekonomskim i kulturnim resursima i moći. Društvene funkcije i uloga obrazovnih institucija u Bosni i Hercegovini obilježene su postratnim političkim ustrojstvom naše države kao i specifičnim globalnim i regionalnim okolnostima koje su dovele do takvog ustrojstva. Promjene u poimanju i pravnom reguliranju visokog obrazovanja nije moguće adekvatno analizirati bez prethodne analize negativnih posljedica neoliberalne globalizacije svijeta i etnomatematički definiranih i obilježenih lokalnih i regionalnih procesa ekonomske i političke tranzicije naše zemlje (ili tranzicije u našoj zemlji ili i njenoj okolini). Budući da javni univerziteti pripadaju javnoj sferi1, postavlja se pitanja da li država, u situaciji prodora tržišne logike u samu kognitivnu strukturu ekonomske globalizacije svijeta, može osigurati da njeni građani imaju koristi od javnih univerziteta? Naš odgovor – koji obrazlažemo u ovom tekstu – glasi ne samo da država može obezbijediti niz građanskih koristi od javnih univerziteta nego da je ona to dužna i učiniti, jer nema nijedne druge instance koja bi to mogla umjesto nje.

The Importance of Motivation and Communication for Human Potential in Modern School Management

Značenje motivacije i komunikacije za ljudski potencijal u suvremenom školskom menadžmentu

Author(s): Marijana Škutor / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 20/2015

Keywords: interpersonal communication; human potential; motivation; school management

As is known, there is no institution, no organization, no school, no kindergarten as can function without human potential. People and their interpersonal relations in all organization are crucial for the quality of their operation. The communication among employees largely depends on the motivation that employees get from each other as well as from their superiors. The purpose of this paper is to point to the importance of motivation, communication in managing and leading in institutions with an emphasis on leading the human potential in modern school management. First of all what is dealt with here is the project management whose aim it is to give a quality product and service constantly accompanying the market development. Then there is the communication that, along with the development of interpersonal skills of employees, leaves its stamp on the whole work. For it is just the superiors who are obliged to motivate their employees so that the service they provide could be of quality and as such give a quality product. In the school management this means the realization of the project, that is, successful completion of another school year to the great satisfaction of all participants in this project.

Great War Legacies in Serbian Culture

Great War Legacies in Serbian Culture

Author(s): Jelena Milojković-Đurić / Language(s): English / Issue: 46/2015

Keywords: Great War; Serbia; Austria-Hungary; Ottoman Empire; Ivo Andrić; Miloš Crnjanski; Ivan Mestrović; Ljubomir Micić; Arsenije III Čarnojević (Crnojević); 1690; Great Serb Migration;

In the aftermath of the Great War, Ivo Andrić published a number of poems, essays and short stories describing the hard-won victorious outcome as transient to the dire reality of the inordinate loss of human lives and suffering. Yet, personal ex¬periences, although perceived as ephemeral, helped to define the historical discourse capturing man’s resolve to persist in his chosen mission. Over time, Serbian literature and fine arts sustained an unfinished dialogue of the past and the present, merging the individual voices with the collective voices to construct the national narrative. The young writer Miloš Crnjanski observed the sights of destruction and despair that seemed to pale in new literary works pertaining to the war. His novel A Diary about Čarnojević was closely related to his own perilous wartime journey as a conscript in the Austrian army. The vastness of Pannonian plains and Galician woods must have invoked a comparison of sorts with another historic chapter recorded in the collective consciousness of his nation: the Great Migration of Serbs led by Patriarch Arsenije III Čarnojević (Crnojević) in 1690. The very title of the novel contained a powerful reference to the migration, and its illustrious historic leader which has not been dis¬cussed or explored before.

Quote Weavers

Tkači Citata

Author(s): Adam Walko / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: Croatian short story; intermediality; quotations; hypertext;

Besides urbanism, intermediality is another common characteristic where the continuity of the Croatian short story of the eighties and nineties can be found. Usually these two characteristics are interwoven; intermedial strategies often create a subtext of urbanism. The adaptations from the newspapers, movies, television, hyper- and cybertext confirm the thesis about the absolute pluralism and the incomplete convention of the prose text, and the lack of the final form as well. The method of quotations, especially the use of intermedial quotations, is probably the most characteristic and visible feature in the Croatian short story of the eighties and nineties. This feature gains in importance if we take into consideration that in the Hungarian short story there is a traditional emphasis on intertextuality. The revolutionary changes in the Gutenberg-galaxy refer to the redefinition of the role of the literary text, the reader and the author. With the phenomenon of computer-technology and the Internet, unlimited possibilities have opened up in the theory and realisation of the evolution/ development of the short story.

Problem of indexing consistency about information and media literacy: example Universal decimal classification

Problem dosljednosti u indeksiranju dokumenata na temu informacijske i medijske pismenosti: primjer Univerzalne decimalne klasifikacije

Author(s): Senada Dizdar / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 20/2015

Keywords: indexing consistency; Universal decimal classification (UDC); information literacy; media literacy;

Growing of interest for information and media literacy since last two decades connected with new technological changes in the sphere of media and information and it has been included more literature in this sphere. Despite of obviously literary guarantee in the sphere of educational literature and educational policy, terms as there are information and media literacy are not noted in standard systems for knowledge organisation as there are classifications. The consequence of missing clear terminological definitions in index languages of content processing, resulted ambiguous and unevenly classification of media and information literacy. In this paper, we΄ll explain a kind of this problem with the example of Universal decimal classification (UDC). UDC is synthetic classification which allows making of compound index terminology to express new terms. When assigned indexing and non coordinated used terms, this way of indexing resulted obviously not only proliferation of combinations which express certain term, but wrong interpretation of aboutness. Author suggests more specific and precise classification code for noted terms in UDC.

Influence of new customs procedures and logistic security standards on companies competiveness – a Croatian company case study

Influence of new customs procedures and logistic security standards on companies competiveness – a Croatian company case study

Author(s): Aleksandar Erceg / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2014

Keywords: Customs procedure; logistic standards; supply chain management; savings; competitiveness;

In today’s global market, companies are constantly confronted with the competition on the local, national and international level. Companies therefore use a variety of strategies and tools to become and/or remain competitive. Potential areas for cost reduction in companies are supply chain management and logistic and customs procedures. Implementation of various logistic standards in supply chain management can provide significant cost savings for the company’s daily operations and thus reduce overall costs and improve the competitiveness. Using different customs procedures and logistic standards to reduce their costs and become more competitive in the market is necessary for Croatian companies. The method of using these tools is not a one-time process and requires constant efforts. Companies therefore have to be ready to improve daily to be and remain competitive. Using a variety of modern customs procedures can save their money and time, not only through these procedures, but also through better use of their employee’s time, their own vehicles and other equipment. The paper analyzes various customs procedures and logistic standards that can help companies save time and money and improve their competitiveness. In the example of Croatian company, which uses various available procedures and standards the benefits of their use are shown. Apart from bringing savings in operations, all these procedures and standards allow the company to be better, cheaper and more attractive to buyers.

Via Crucis Poetica. The Way of the Cross in the 20th Century Croatian Poetry

Via crucis poetica. Križni put u hrvatskome pjesništvu 20. Stoljeća

Author(s): Ružica Pšihistal / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1-2/2014

Keywords: the Way of the Cross; 20th-century Croatian poetry; theological loci in poetry; lyrical subject;

Analyzing the corpus of twenty-three poetic texts thematically and genre-related to the Way of the Cross devotion, collected in the book by Vladimir Lončarević (ed.): Way of the Cross in the verses of the 20th century Croatian poets, this paper examines, from the literary-theological perspective, the presence of still fresh theological places (loci theologici) in the 20th century Croatian poetry. From the introductory synthetic view of the semiotics of the cross and the in-depth semantics of paradox, following the research on poetically expressive places with special emphasis on the sixth station, as well as on the deviations from traditional chronotope of folk devotion of the Cross, the focus of this reading of poetic Ways of the Cross is on the power and weakness of words when encountering the cross.

Report about work of Society of Croatian writers from Herceg Bosnia

Izvješće o radu Društva hrvatskih književnika Herceg Bosne

Author(s): Ivan Sivrić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 91-92/2017

Izvješće o radu u razdoblju od Redovite skupštine u svibnju 2016.do 27. svibnja 2017.Izvješće se sastoji od izvršenja zadaća koje su proistekle iz odluka Skupštine, godišnjega plana Društva o urađenim projektima i programima, nakladničkoj djelatnosti te planiranim aktivnostima koje predstoje.Društvo danas broji 143 redovita člana i 3 pristupnika.

Crematonyms – With an Emphasis on the Names of the Mostar Town Sreets Since the Year 1995

Krematonimi – s naglaskom na imena ulica grada Mostara od 1995. godine

Author(s): Helena Dragić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 99/2018

Keywords: Onomastics; crematonyms; street nomenclature; naming motivation; orthography;

The aim of this paper is to research crematonyms in the Mostar town area. Crematonyms are the youngest category within onomastics. Within the relevant onomastic literature term crematonym does not have a clear connotation, nor classification. We can conclude that crematonyms are personal names that are a product of human activity. Thereby they are given a language, onomastic, sociolinguistic, and historical function. The paper puts an emphasis on the street nomenclature. The paper examines the naming motivation and special emphasis is placed on the renaming of the streets. Contemporary names of the streets within the Mostar town are cited such as: Dubrovnik Street, Franciscan Street, Fr. Didak Buntić Street, Knez Domagoj Street, Dr. Mile Budak Street, Mijat Tomić Street, etc. Other crematonym categories like the names of cultural institutions, competitions and similar are also described.

Elections and Appointments of Bishops in Herzegovina at the Time of Austro-Hungarian Rule (1878-1918) - the Case of Bishop Fr. Alojzije Misic (1912)

Izbori i imenovanja biskupâ u Hercegovini u doba austro-ugarske vladavine (1878. - 1918.) na primjeru biskupa fra Alojzija Mišića (1912.)

Author(s): Petar Vrankić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: Diocese of Mostar-Duvno; Diocese of Trebinje-Mrkan; Bishop Paskal Buconjic; Provincial Alojzije Misic; Fr. Frano Lulic; Archbishop Stadler; Dom Pierre Bastien

In this second paper on the election of the bishops in Herzegovina at the time of Austro-Hungarian rule (1878-1918), which in some ways follows the topic discussed in the first paper, shows a very tense and resistant struggle over the election of the second bishop in Herzegovina, a Franciscan monk and Provincial Alojzije Misic. After a brief overview of the historical-legal context of the Catholic Church in Herzegovina at the time of Austro-Hungarian rule, the first chapter covers the situation of finding a new bishop cum iure successionis, (a coadjutor bishop with the right of succession) to assist the elderly bishop Buconjic in Mostar. The interested parties in a very close competition were: The State Government of Bosnia-Hercegovina in Sarajevo, the Joint Ministry of Finance in Vienna, Archbishop Josip Stadler as the Metropolitan Bishop of Vrhbosna, Bishop Buconjić in Mostar, the Provincial of Bosnian Franciscan Province (Bosna Srebrena) - Fr Alojzije Misic and the Provincial of the Franciscan Province of Herzegovina – Fr. Luka Begić as well as the Holy See in Rome (Vatican). This competition, which turned into a real struggle, including even the disparaging of opponents in BiH, Vienna and Rome, lasted from the end of January to the beginning of December 1910. As the Holy See in Rome was not convinced of the suitability of the only candidate who was supported by the State Government in Sarajevo - Provincial Misic, his appointment was suspended until the Bishop Buconjic's death on December 8, 1910.The Bishop Buconjic's death was followed by the second round of the competition, described in the third chapter of this paper, in which, apart from the old ones, some new actors and candidates took part. First of all, Archbishop Stadler appeared as a metropolitan and appointed temporary administrators in spiritualibus (in spiritual matters) and in materialibus (in the material goods) of the diocese of Mostar-Duvno. This ensured the minimum functioning of dioceses. After that his candidate list the State Government, as well as to the Holy See. Stadler's list of candidates could not be accepted by the Government because he had, for years, publicly criticized the State Government and their actions against him, his institutions, the priests and the Catholic Church in BiH in general. In Rome, Stadler's candidates were looked at with certain understanding and sympathy, especially the auxiliary bishop Dr. Ivan Saric. But the State Government further supported its candidate, the Bosnian Provincial Misic, not only as a suitable man of the Church, but also as a man of their trust, and a house friend of some Government officials. Therefore, the Government offered some ridiculous and non-objective arguments when it came to the candidates who it did not favour or who were not the right competition for Misic. Among the candidates was Fr. Frano Lulic from Makarska, who was strongly supported by Rome and Bishop Buconjic. Being a Croat from Dalmatia, he was presented as inappropriate because he could not understand the mentality of the people in Herzegovina, although he was born in a place three times closer to Herzegovina than the Provincial Misic's birthplace. This is how the Government's policy manifested as merum absurdum in se!Freshness in hard-bargaining talks, based on the political and personal beliefs, was brought by the President of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian Parliament, Dr. Nikola Mandic, who was not convinced enough of the suitability of Provincial Misic and demanded the appointment of one of the Herzegovinian Franciscans, an idea accepted even by the Ministry in Vienna. Although the Government of Sarajevo tried not to contradict the Ministry in Vienna and partially accepted its proposals, it remained deeply convinced of the correctness of its position: Provincial Misic was the only suitable candidate. Since the State Government believed that Misic was the only suitable candidate for the bishop in Mostar, at the same time, the Holy See, by the beginning of February 1912, considered Misic as highly unsuitable for this position. With the news that candidate Lulic was seriously ill, and when the dispute over the bishop's appointment in Mostar could lead to political tension between Vienna and the Holy See, the State Secretariat of Holy See and Pope Pius X himself decided to accept Fr. Alojzije Misic's candidacy in early February 1912, thus paving the way for his appointment as Bishop of Mostar.This research is based on archival sources. The ambiguity, sometimes real contradictions with the names of the candidates, the course of negotiations and absence of commendable words about the Franciscan Friars, were found in the Chronicles of the Diocese and the Autobiography, written post factum by Bishop Misic, preserved in the Diocesan Archives of Diocese Mostar-Duvno in Mostar.

Between music and ideologies: Croatian music criticism from the beginning to World War II

Between music and ideologies: Croatian music criticism from the beginning to World War II

Author(s): Sanja Majer-Bobetko / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2018

Keywords: Danica horvatska, slavonska i dalmatinska; history of music in Croatia; Ljubav i zloba; Stanko Vraz; Franjo Ksaver Kuhač; musical criticism;nineteenth-century music;twentieth-century music;

As the Croatian lands were exposed to often aggressive Austrian, Hungarian, and Italian politics until WWI and in some regions even later, so Croatian music criticism was written in the Croatian, German and Italian languages. To the best of our knowledge, the history of Croatian music criticism began in 1826 in the literary and entertainment journal Luna, and was written by an anonymous author in the German language.A forum for Croatian language music criticism was opened in Novine Horvatzke, i.e. in its literary supplement Danica horvatska, slavonska i dalmatinska in 1835, which officially started to promote the Croatian National Revival, setting in motion the process of constituting the Croatian nation in the modern sense of the word. However, those articles cannot be considered musical criticism, at least not in the modern sense of the word, as they never went beyond the level of mere journalistic reports. The first music criticism in the Croatian language in the true sense of the word is generally considered a very comprehensive text by a poet Stanko Vraz (1810-51) about a performance of the first Croatian national opera Ljubav i zloba (Love and malice) by Vatroslav Lisinski (1819-54) from 1846. In terms of its criteria for judgement, that criticism proved to become a model for the majority of 19th-century and later Croatian music criticism. Two judgement criteria are clearly expressed within it: national and artistic.Regardless of whether we are dealing with 1) ideological-utilitarian criticism, which was directed towards promoting the national ideology (Franjo Ksaver Kuhač, 1834-1911; Antun Dobronić, 1878-1955), 2) impressionist criticism based on the critic’s subjective approach to particular work (Antun Gustav Matoš, 1873-1914; Milutin Cihlar Nehajev, 1880-1931; Nikola Polić, 1890-1960), or 3) Marxist criticism (Pavao Markovac, 1903-41), we may observe the above mentioned two basic criteria. Only at the end of the period under consideration the composer Milo Cipra (1906-85) focused his interest on immanent artistic values, shunning any ideological utilitarianism, and insisting on the highest artistic criteria.

Physical activity of older persons in retirement homes in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Tjelesna aktivnost starijih osoba u domovima za starije i nemoćne na području Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Ljerka Ostojić,Josip Šimić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 105/2019

Keywords: Older persons; Physical activity; Retirement home;

Utvrditi pozitivan učinak tjelesne aktivnosti na kvalitetu života kod osoba starije životne dobi, njihovo znanje o utjecaju tjelesne aktivnosti na zdravlje te bavljenje tjelesnim aktivnostima osoba starije životne dobi u domovima za starije i nemoćne u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine.

Man of Renaissance

Čovjek renesanse

Author(s): Josip Muselimović / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 105/2019

Keywords: Predrag Matvejević; Bosnian literature; Croatian literature;

Pripremajući knjigu koja će progovoriti o plejadi znamenitih osoba, suočio sam se s prvim velikim, početnim problemom. Pitao sam se – na koji način napraviti izbor pa kazati: – Iza ovog čovjeka ostala su djela, ostali su duboki tragovi i on treba naći smiraj u koricama knjige Za sva vremena. Pitao sam se: – Što će reći oni drugi čiji sudovi mogu biti različiti ili dijametralno suprotni? U svakom arbitriranju različitost mišljenja je normalna pojava. Tako to treba i prihvatiti. Međutim, kada je riječ o dr. Predragu Matvejeviću, akademiku i sveučilišnom profesoru, najplodnijem i najprevođenijem bosanskohercegovačkom i hrvatskom piscu, ne može biti dvojbi. Prije konačne odluke, kao i pri svakome drugom izboru, razgovarao sam s njegovim suvremenicima – likovnim umjetnicima Jusom Nikšićem i Krešimirom Ledićem, kiparom Florijanom Mićkovićem, dr. Miljenkom Martinovićem, dramskim umjetnikom Antom Vicanom. I nešto mlađim suvremenikom – dr. Slavkom Musom. Razgovarao sam s osobama koje je uvijek ugodno slušati i od kojih se u svakom času, i po svakom pitanju, ponešto mudro može čuti i naučiti. Nažalost, živimo u vremenu devalvacije pravih vrijednosti. Živimo u društvu koje ne posvećuje dužnu pažnju doajenima duha, umjetnosti i znanosti.

Colonists from Lika to the Area of Vinkovci

Ličani doseljeni na vinkovačko područje

Author(s): Ljubica Gligorević / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 22/1999

Keywords: colonists; Vinkovci area; assimilation;

The area of Vinkovci, as well as the whole of Eastern Croatia, after the departure of Turks from these regions - in late 17th century, and until the end of the forties of the 20th century, but later as well - was colonized by the population from different regions. Roman Catholic population was mostly colonized from Dalmatia, Lika, Gorski Kotar, Herzegovina, Bosnia, Zagorje, Bačka and Kordun. For the people from Lika it is said that they are our most persevering and the best colonists, and that they are everywhere - wherever there was the opportunity to settle down. Numerous movements from Lika occurred at the very beginning of the 18th century, after the rebellion in Lika and great movements in border-lands of Lika, Otočac and Ogulin in 1714. They were attracted to the new regions by the rumors spread about the fertility and abundance of arable land suitable for settlement. In the early part of the 19th century, Military Border authorities, where there were the appropriate conditions, officially associated a number of newly colonized families from Lika with elder families without children, or with those with small number of children (i.e., in Andrijaševci and Ivankovo) - so the colonists as a rule lost their surnames and took over the new ones. The colonists from Lika brought to the new environment ikavian dialect with new accentuation. The colonists of previous movements • had fully assimilated in time with the indigenous population, accepting their speech, way of living and culture as their own traditional characteristics. A large number of such families make up the indigenous population of the area of Vinkovci with vague remembrance of their origin and old home-land. The awareness of the old home-land and origin is more present with the colonists after 1918 and 1945.

Wedding Flag

Svadbeni barjak

Author(s): Ana-Marija Bekavac / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 22/1999

Keywords: wedding customs; wedding flag; Lika;

The author considers the phenomenon of flag, which is an important part of wedding equipment and symbol in the whole area of Lika. Data analysis on the ensign, decoration and appearance of the flag, customs related to the flag, and removing of the decorations from the flag, point to numerous common characteristics of this phenomenon in Lika, but at the same time certain regional features are emphasized. The author particularly refers to the interesting data on the decoration of the flag without tricolor. The data about such a flag are very rare since they must have yielded the place to the flag with national symbol long time ago. Therefore, the question raises on when and why the tricolor started to be used almost as a trademark o f the flag and how the replacement of the plain and partly decorated cloth, i.e., bands, with a tricolor occurred. Other decorative things (towels, scarves, pavenka, and apple) have mostly been preserved as components of the flag. Since there are only scarce data on the former appearance of the flag, the issue of the change of its function, i.e. merging (or overlapping) of its meaning of the symbol of the wedding with the meaning of the symbol of ethnic identity, remains yet to be explored. Although the data about wedding flag in many sources are insufficient, the research has shown that the flag is an important element of wedding customs of Lika. In time it assumes new meanings, but at the same time keeps certain decorations which in earlier period had different symbolic meanings and function in wedding customs.

In Search for a Definition of Popular Religiosity

U potrazi za definicijom pučke pobožnosti

Author(s): Josip Šimić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 17/1994

Keywords: popular religiosity; liturgy; magic and superstition; pastoral activities; social justice; evangelisation;

The author critically reviews various definitions of popular religiosity, that he names: descriptive, enculurational, existential, evangelisational, and dialectical definition. He proposes his own definition, which comprises basic elements of the formerly mentioned ones. He defines popular religiosity as a complex reality consisting of an array o f religious attitudes and practices in different cultural and historical settings, and places it in a space confined by liturgy on the one hand, and by magic and superstition on the other. Some characteristics of popular religiosity can help in the processes of evangelisation, in pastoral activities, as well as in the struggle for social justice.