Publisher: IDIS VIITORUL Institutul pentru Dezoltare şi Initiative Sociale

The Administrative Frontier and How we Manage it

Frontiera administrativa şi cum o administram

Author(s): Rosian Vasiloi / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Transnistria; administrative frontier;

The settlement of the Transnistrian conflict and the reintegration of the country are strategic priorities of the Republic of Moldova. This statement was made by Prime Minister Pavel Filip, during the meeting of the Governmental Commission for the reintegration of the country. Despite this, even today at the national level there is no clear vision on the process of settling the Transnistrian dispute, as a result of a common process of all political forces, international partners and last but not least of society as a whole. All the attempts over the last 25 years to put a clear vision on the table have failed. The future vision, or a policy document in the field of reintegration, must be coherent in its ambitions, be a rigorous and truly predictive reflection of internal and external dynamics, and last but not least offer robust solutions to clearly defined problems of national interest, taking into account the basic principle - Regulation through Europeanization.

Foreign Trade of the Republic of Moldova: Scenarios for increasing and diversifying Exports

Comerţul exterior al RM: scenarii de majorare şi de diversificare a exporturilor

Author(s): Viorel Chivriga / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Molodova Foreign Trade;

In 2006-2007, several processes took place, the origin of which is due to both internal and external factors. In 2006, for the first time after the recession of 1998-2001, exports declined in value compared to 2005, which is an unusual case for the foreign trade of the Republic of Moldova in recent years. Their value in 2006 totaled 1051.6 million US dollars, which is a reduction of 39.7 million US dollars or 3.6% compared to 2005. It is true that the evolution of exports was directly influenced by the bans imposed. by the Russian Federation on Moldovan exports of agricultural and alcoholic products. But it is also true that the Moldovan economy has not been able to mitigate the impact of barriers imposed by the Russian Federation on the export of Moldovan consignments of goods, whose tariff positions have clearly dominated the structure of our exports in this market.

Moldova: Decentralisation of the Education Reform and Spending for Education

Moldova: Decentralisation of the Education Reform and Spending for Education

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Keywords: Education; financing education;

The aim of the SPENDING FOR EDUCATION IN R.MOLDOVA is to assess the current statute of the financing of pre-university education, highlight the main setbacks of the system and track relevant indicators to the educational services provided to the population. This study emerged from in partnership with the Brookings Institution. // The Study combines several kinds of data: official statistics provided by the National Bureau of Statistics, regular monitoring indicators of the Ministry of Education, as well as data collected from the schools of Moldova, through a comprehensive Survey, implemented during the months of February – April 2008. The analysis considers in great details the institutional dynamics of the pre-university education in the last decade, in correlation with the overall demographic and social-economic trends of the country. // Budgetary spending for the pre-university schools reflect a growing concern for the effective use of resources from the public budget on education in Moldova. Beyound the obvious demand to accelerate the reformation of the current system of public education, which implies an overwhelming agenda of decentralization, territorial relocation, rationalization, privatization and other policies that shall improve the current way of spending for compulsory education in Moldova, we aimed to provide specific policy recommendations how to improve the functioning of the system.

Parliamentary Control and Problems in Balancing Power Relations

Controlul parlamentar şi problemele de echilibrare a raporturilor de putere

Author(s): Ion Creangă,Emilia Furdui,Viorel Furdui / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Parliamentary Control; separation of powers;

This paper addresses and analyzes the institution of parliamentary control, as a mechanism of political control of the legislature over the executive power of the state; the paper does not address the specialized control exercised by the Court of Accounts and the ombudsmen, as specialized control institutions formed by the Parliament. In terms of parliamentary control, relevant are the approaches according to which the public policies of the legislature for capitalization or non-capitalization of the important control functions of the Parliament and the problems faced by the deputies in the Parliament are highlighted. The problems to which this study must provide an answer refer to the relations of the Parliament with the Government, to the mechanism of parliamentary control and its impact on the quality of the draft laws presented by the executive, to the organization of law enforcement, to the efficiency of laws, to lack of regulation. or excessive regulation of certain areas, etc.

Constitutional Reform: Imperative of the Moment

Reforma Constituţională: Imperativ al Timpului

Author(s): Victor Popa / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: constitution of Moldova;

It is well known that the norms of law, regulating social relations, aim at achieving clear goals (finalities), expected by members of society, such as organizing and improving social life, including new elements that would stimulate socio-economic development. economic, political and legal aspects of society. If a rule of law, even a constitutional one, hinders the free development of society, this rule must be replaced or even repealed, because it would be ridiculous to tolerate the situation where a rule of law would create political instability, would bring harm to the development of the human personality, the defense of human rights.

Draft Law on Energy Efficiency - A promising Start or State Budget Commission?

Proiectul Legii cu privire la Eficienţa energetică - Un început promiţător sau Comision Bugetului de Stat?

Author(s): Ion Muntean / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: energy efficiency;

In order to create the appropriate organizational and economic conditions for the efficient use of energy resources and the widespread use of the potential of renewable energy sources, the Government drafted the law on energy efficiency. This law proposes to create the necessary framework for the implementation of European Directive 2006/32 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 on efficiency in final consumers and energy services and repealing Council Directive 93/76 / EEC. At the same time, this draft law is to replace law no. 1136 of 13.07.2000 on energy conservation. Reducing the energy intensity and increasing the energy efficiency is a priority direction for the Republic of Moldova, likely to strengthen the country's energy security, which also results from the European Union Directives, which are the reference of the legislation of the Republic of Moldova.

A short Radiography of the Pharmaceutical Market in Moldova

A short Radiography of the Pharmaceutical Market in Moldova

Author(s): Iurie Gotișan / Language(s): English

Keywords: pharmaceutical market;

This policy brief is intended to describe the general situation on the pharmaceutical market in the Republic of Moldova, and a comprehensive approach of key reforms in this area, in particular in terms of pricing. The analysis attempts to highlight the drug market volume in Moldova, including a regional comparative tint. It is described the legal and institutional framework regulating this market, some international experience in this field, operational aspects of the pharmaceutical market as well as some stipulations of the new Regulation on pricing. The study concludes with a set of conclusions and recommendations that should be considered by both those regulating the drug market and those who activate on this market, traders, manufacturers and pharmacies.

Case Study on the Improvement of the Commercial Relations within GUAM (valid for CEFTA also)

Case Study on the Improvement of the Commercial Relations within GUAM (valid for CEFTA also)

Author(s): Viorel Chivriga / Language(s): English

Keywords: GUAM; GUUAM;

In 2002-2005, in Moldova have been approved a considerable number of normative acts to ex¬pand economic cooperation between Member States of GUAM. From these acts, particularly can be mentioned the Government’s Decision no.178, which specifies 99 activities of the public institutions related to the harmonization of the national legislation with the international standards, the expansion and development of institutional capacities of the Customs Department and Department of Border Guards, selection, training and raising staff qualifications of Customs Department and Department of Border Guards, improve the forms of incentives, implementing anti-corruption policy, combating terrorism, cross-border crime, smuggling, violations of customs rules and illegal migration, border protection of intel¬lectual property, harmonization of procedures related to border guards and customs control and customs clearance procedures, with international standards, implementation of information systems, technologies and communications, ensuring mutual compatibility of transit systems, development of infrastructure and equipment with technical means of control, public relations.Evaluation of the Project on the facilitate trade and transport within GUUAM was to be made later, with the participation of donors financing the implementation of the project.Enforcement measures that require external financing would start from the time of the respective financing.In 2002-2005, in Moldova have been approved a considerable number of normative acts to ex¬pand economic cooperation between Member States of GUAM. From these acts, particularly can be mentioned the Government’s Decision no.178, which specifies 99 activities of the public institutions related to the harmonization of the national legislation with the international standards, the expansion and development of institutional capacities of the Customs Department and Department of Border Guards, selection, training and raising staff qualifications of Customs Department and Department of Border Guards, improve the forms of incentives, implementing anti-corruption policy, combating terrorism, cross-border crime, smuggling, violations of customs rules and illegal migration, border protection of intel¬lectual property, harmonization of procedures related to border guards and customs control and customs clearance procedures, with international standards, implementation of information systems, technologies and communications, ensuring mutual compatibility of transit systems, development of infrastructure and equipment with technical means of control, public relations.Evaluation of the Project on the facilitate trade and transport within GUUAM (Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Moldova)was to be made later, with the participation of donors financing the implementation of the project.Enforcement measures that require external financing would start from the time of the respective financing.

The new Amendments to the Tax Legislation will cause financial Problems for the Population and the State

Noile modificări ale legislației fiscale vor provoca probleme financiare populației şi statului

Author(s): Gheorghe Costandachi / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: tax-legislation in Moldova;

Moldova faces major tax problems. One of the problems of the tax system in the Republic of Moldova, which requires urgent solution, is tax evasion by individuals. This finding is brought from their own conclusions made in several studies and reports published by the Tax Service. Total annual tax losses on the full range of tax evasion are currently not estimated. The most widespread way of tax evasion is the intentional violation of tax law. This type of evasion can be committed consciously by the individual by concealing, from the tax service, income and wealth. In Moldova this type of evasion is used on the largest scale. The main factor is impunity…

7 Premises for the Consolidation of the Energy Sector of the Republic of Moldova in 2011

7 Premize pentru Consolidarea Sectorului Energetic al Republicii Moldova în Anul 2011

Author(s): Ion Muntean / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: energy sector in Moldova;

The year 2011 has all the chances to become a fruitful one for the energy sector of the Republic of Moldova by the fact that this year a very favorable situation is created for building the theme of a sustainable development of the energy sector in the Republic of Moldova. In the form of a new government, it offers the Republic of Moldova a new status and a new motivation to contribute to the increase of the country's energy security and to participate in an energy market based on principles of equity and mutual benefits. Through a consistent approach to the problems in the energy sector, an efficient cooperation between the responsible and targeted structures in this sector and the capitalization of all the opportunities that are created in 2011, the achievements can be truly solid.

Tariff policy - An economic and social Instrument of the State

Politica tarifară – Un Instrument economic şi social al Statului

Author(s): Nicolae Mogoreanu,Sergiu Aparatu / Language(s): Romanian

The European Community has been studying the issue of tariff and price policies for the main energy carriers for several years and is drawing up directives which will then be transposed into laws and regulations at Member State level. Since the beginning of the years ‘80 The Council of Ministers of the Community pointed out that “ ...cost transparency must allow the consumer to form an opinion on trends in the formation of tariffs for electricity and natural gas. He must be informed of the methods of determining tariffs, of the prices that the energy industry must pay for primary energy resources, as well as of other costs involved in transforming primary energy into final energy and its transport and distribution to consumers.” It is known that cross-subsidies can exist not only between different activities of the electricity sector (production, transport, distribution), but even between activities in other sectors (water, natural gas, heat) or even within the same sector, between different categories of consumers.

The Compatibility between the Woman’s Occupational Status and her Maternal Role

The Compatibility between the Woman’s Occupational Status and her Maternal Role

Author(s): Olga Gagauz,Mariana Buciuceanu-Vrabie / Language(s): English

As for the Republic of Moldova, it is seen that high career requirements are listed on a secondary position to the financial problems and shortcomings. According to the research findings, the justification of the own attitude towards professional activity relates primarily to the economic aspect of the family being a source of income for 74.8% of respondents. The pro¬fessional activity becomes a means of self-ful¬fillment and autonomy for 41% and for about 38% - an opportunity to obtain financial inde¬pendence. With the increase in the number of children, through the involvement in the labor field women claim, primarily, the need for a significant additional income to support the family. Rationalizing on the motivation justifying the involvement into the labor market of the woman who has a child of preschool age, about 2/3 of respondents equally emphasize the “financial and material shortcomings”. Much lower, but significant values are assigned to: desire to have the “own” money (about 39%), satisfaction and interest in work (25.7%), and finally, the need to accumulate work experience (23.3%). Without deviating from the upper position assigned to economic problems, with the increase in the level of education of respondents, rises, as well, the share of motivation towards the interest in the job and the desire of financial independence.

Separation of debts and assets of Moldovagaz - A new superficial Approach to Historical Problems

Separarea datoriilor şi activelor sa Moldovagaz – o nouă abordare superficială a unor probleme istorice

Author(s): Ion Muntean / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: gas-supply in Moldova;

The closer the period of signing a new natural gas procurement contract with the Russian Federation approaches, the more current become the historical problems related to the collaboration between SA Moldovagaz and SAD Gazprom. The stake is the same, obtaining a contract as favorable as possible for both parties since 2012. Obtaining such a result for the Republic of Moldova is conditioned by the historical debts that have accumulated to Gazprom. The problem would be much simpler if there were only debts accumulated on the right side of the Dniester, but since the Transnistrian region is in the middle, the situation is even more complicated. The purpose of this policy brief is not to propose and argue solutions for the possibilities of debt settlement but to clearly identify the problems that formed these debts and risk generating new donations to Gazprom.

Transnistria: A gradual Reintegration

Transnistria: o Reintegrare treptata

Author(s): Nicu Popescu,Leonid Litră / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: Transnistria; separation; reintegration; Moldova;

Of all the post-Soviet secessionist conflicts, the one in Transnistria has long been perceived as the most "solvable." There is little ethnic hatred and most stakeholders accept, in principle, the need to reintegrate Transnistria into Moldova. The election of a new Transnistrian leader and the support given to the issue by German Chancellor Angela Merkel as part of the security dialogue with Russia have also fueled hopes of a solution to the conflict. However, the conflict will not be resolved through a diplomatic offensive. A quick and reckless solution, based on a big deal with Russia, would almost certainly affect Moldova's integration into the EU. Instead, the EU and Moldova should pursue a bottom-up de facto reintegration policy. The EU should maintain high-level diplomatic pressure on Russia to expand the scale of confidence-building measures between the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria, changing peacekeeping arrangements, and eliminating military checkpoints. The EU should also expand its interaction with the Transnistrian authorities through joint projects and look for ways to connect the region to EU-Moldova cooperation, including free trade. But by far the most important contribution of the EU to the conflict settlement process will come from a firm policy of anchoring Moldova in Europe by supporting the reform process, a visa-free regime and free trade between the EU. and Moldova.

The epic of the baccalaureate: in search of an impossible solution

Epopeea bacalaureatului: în căutarea unei soluții imposibile

Author(s): Sergiu Lipcean / Language(s): Romanian

In this brief analysis we will make an attempt to "scan" the circumstances specific to this year's BAC by elucidating the arguments of the promoters and opponents of the formula proposed by the MoE. We will also try to follow the path of the actions taken by the competent authorities in the management of the BAC and to investigate to what extent they are in line with the institutional discourse. Finally, we will try to identify possible solutions and their long-term implications on improving the situation in relation to the management of the BAC.

Social reforms in the Republic of Moldova: A particular Case - the Reform of the Pension System

Reformele sociale din Republica Moldova: un caz particular – reforma sistemului de pensii

Author(s): Cornel Ciurea / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: social reforms; pension system;

This analysis focuses on three types of reforms that are being implemented in the Republic of Moldova - reforms related to European integration, anti-corruption reforms and social reforms. The author makes a comparative analysis, highlighting the more pronounced ideological character of social reforms and the increased degree of conflict, typical of these reforms. At the same time, the paper suggests the imminence of the political factor present in the multitude of social phenomena. In this order of ideas, the case of the reform of the pension system is analyzed, being highlighted the political valences of the approach. The author considers that, unlike the university education reform, promoted by the Ministry of Education with sufficient force, despite the accompanying criticism, the reform of the pension system seems to be rather an "eternally postponed reform" due to lack of political will. This postponement cannot, however, last indefinitely.

The Process of structural Reform of pre-university Education: Results, Problems, Perspectives

Procesul de reformă structurală a Învățământului preuniversitar: rezultate, probleme, perspective

Author(s): Veaceslav Berbeca / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: pre-university education;

In this study we aimed to make an analysis of the results of the implementation of structural reform in pre-university education institutions. We focused our attention on the main actions taken to achieve the set objectives, as well as on the problems faced by the authorities implementing this process. We also reviewed the political parties' criticisms of structural reform in education. We found that there were several constraints in the process, and some irregularities were recorded. Political interference in establishing the final list of schools subject to optimization, a less open environment for collaboration in the implementation of the reform, as well as the situation of dismissed people are the most important constraints that affected the reform. The Ministry of Education must take a stand on these objections and draw up an evaluation report on this process.

Causes and Effects of the Referenda from UTA Gagauz-Yeri

Causes and Effects of the Referenda from UTA Gagauz-Yeri

Author(s): Veaceslav Berbeca / Language(s): English

Keywords: Gagauz-Yeri;

On February 2nd, 2014, two referenda took place in the Administrative-Territorial Unit Gagauz-Yeri (UTAG Gagauzia) - one of consultative and the other one of “legislative” character. In the first case, the residents of Gagauzia were called to cast their votes over the foreign policy vector of the Republic of Moldova and namely, to say if they are in favour of the country joining the European Union or the Russia- Belorussia- Kazakhstan Customs Union. In the second case, the citizens of the region had to say if they agree that the Gagauz autonomy exercises its right to the external self-determination in case the Republic of Moldova loses its independence.

Maternity benefits - Between informal practices and the need to optimize the Social Security System

Indemnizațiile de maternitate – între practici informale și necesitatea optimizării sistemului de asigurări sociale

Author(s): Cornel Ciurea / Language(s): Romanian

Keywords: maternity-leave;

On December 23, 2013, at the proposal of the Government, the Parliament votes Law no. 332, through which amendments were made to Law no. 289 of 2004 on allowances for temporary incapacity for work and other social insurance benefits. The main changes concern the calculation of maternity allowances and monthly allowances for raising a child until the age of 3 years. This law attracted a number of criticisms from the Liberal Party of the Republic of Moldova, but also from some institutions that endorsed the law (especially the NAC) who considered that the changes in question worsen the situation of pregnant women and reduce maternity benefits. This analysis is an attempt to debate the arguments of the opponents of this reform in order to discover the hidden springs that have determined the existence of abuses that this new law wants to remove. At the same time, the author wants to demonstrate the need to ensure equal treatment of all insured persons in order to reconcile the contributions paid with the promised payments in the form of maternity allowances, childcare allowances until the age of 3 and, at the same time, in order to ensure the financial sustainability of the state social insurance budget. The analysis was performed by successively interviewing the parties involved in the dispute. Given the resonance and sensitivity of the case, we wanted to present the real situation to show the difficulties faced by both the public social security system and the beneficiaries of this system.

Diaspora vote explains the unusually high turnout among young and relatively young people at recent 2020 presidential elections

Diaspora vote explains the unusually high turnout among young and relatively young people at recent 2020 presidential elections

Author(s): Mihai ȚURCANU / Language(s): English

Keywords: Young people in the electoral process; Republic of Moldova; Diaspora votes; Expectations of voters;

About 373,398 people aged between 18 and 35 (25.69% of the total of 1,453,013 participants in Moldova) participated in the parliamentary elections of February 24, 2019; in the local elections in October-November 2019, this figure fell to 277,669 (or 23.43% of the total of 1,184,779); in the first round of the last presidential election, 367,058 young people participated (or 26.82% of the total of 1,368,516), and in the second round – 469,603 young people, which represents about 28.46% of the total of 1,650,131 participants. That latter result could be achieved primarily due to the mobilization of young people abroad.