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Publisher: Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe

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Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia

Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia

Frequency: 1 issues / Country: Poland

Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia" to najstarsza w łódzkim ośrodku naukowym archeologiczna seria wydawnicza, istniejąca już od ponad pół wieku. Charakteryzują ją i wyróżniają na polskim rynku wydawnictw archeologicznych szczególnie dwa aspekty: integracyjny charakter i szeroki zakres tematyczny. Publikowane w niej prace są autorstwa pracowników różnych instytucji głównie środkowopolskiego środowiska naukowego: Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Polskiej Akademii Nauk, muzeów regionu. Różnorodność tematyczna obrazuje możliwości badawcze i aktualne trendy nowoczesnej, szeroko pojętej archeologii. Ramy chronologiczne obejmują bardzo szeroki zakres czasowy od epoki kamienia po współczesność. Liczne prace, które się dotychczas w niej ukazały, poświęcone były nie tylko archeologii sensu stricto, ale, co szczególnie ważne dla łódzkiego ośrodka archeologicznego, chlubiącego się szkołą archeologii pogranicza, także i problematykom styku archeologii z innymi dyscyplinami naukowymi: historią, historią nauki i techniki, architekturą, bronioznawstwem historycznym, historią sztuki. Zdecydowana większość opublikowanych pozycji to nie schematyczne, proste sprawozdania z realizowanych przez autorów badań, lecz opracowania powstałe w wyniku wieloletnich studiów nad tematem. Nie dziwi więc że są to najczęściej jedne z najważniejszych pozycji w dorobku wielu autorów, które zaważyły na ich karierze naukowej.

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Acta Geographica Lodziensia

Acta Geographica Lodziensia

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Poland

The journal Acta Geographica Lodziensia has been published since 1948. Its founder and first editor was Professor Jan Dylik. The journal publishes original papers and monographs focusing on broad aspects of physical geography, particularly geomorphology and palaeogeography of Central Poland. The range of interest often goes beyond the regional frames and brings a general contribution to the earth sciences. The journal is intended to be a chronicle of regional scientific events. Research problems presented in the journal refers directly to current global trends in earth sciences.

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Art Inquiry

Art Inquiry

Frequency: 1 issues / Country: Poland

Rocznik „Art Inquiry” stanowi kontynuację wydawnictwa ciągłego „Recherches sur les arts”, które stanowiło odrębną serię w ramach „Bulletin de la Société des Sciences et des Lettres de Łódź”. W ramach serii „Recherches sur les arts” ukazało się 9 tomów. Wydawane były w językach kongresowych. Początkowo redaktorem ich była Eliza Małek, a od 1996 roku Grzegorz Sztabiński. Pismo „Art Inquiry” ukazuje się od 1999 roku pod redakcją Grzegorza Sztabińskiego. W 2000 roku współredaktorem został Ryszard W. Kluszczyński, a w 2010 w skład redakcji weszli jeszcze Andrzej M. Bartczak i Krzysztof Stefański.

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Bezpieczeństwo dzieci w szkole i w rodzinie w Łodzi
8.00 €

Bezpieczeństwo dzieci w szkole i w rodzinie w Łodzi

Author(s): Elżbieta Michałowska,Paweł Daniłowicz,Maria Szymczak / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2008

Społeczeństwo szuka wyjaśnień problemu przemocy na wiele sposobów. Poddaje się szczegółowej analizie rodzinę, środowisko rówieśnicze, sąsiedztwo, szkołę czy środki masowego przekazu. Czynimy to szukając luk czy to w systemie wartości, czy w działaniach wychowawczych prowadzących do takiego znaczącego wzrostu zachowań nasyconych przemocą w jej rozmaitych przejawach. Uważa się, że w dominującym modelu wychowania bądź obcowania rodziców z dziećmi czy nauczycieli z uczniami jest zawarty element mentalnego scenariusza przemocy, tzn. z faktu odgrywania określonej roli lub zajmowania określonej pozycji, wynika upoważnienie do inwazji na terytorium drugiej osoby, do dyktowania bądź ograniczania jej praw. Przemoc zdarza się wszędzie: w rodzinach ubogich, średnio zamożnych oraz bardzo bogatych, w mieście i na wsi. Dotyczyć może zarówno dzieci, jak i osób dorosłych, kobiet i osób starszych, słabszych, po prostu bezradnych, niemogących się jej przeciwstawić. Przemoc zawsze powoduje upokorzenie, cierpienie, rodzi nienawiść, pragnienie zemsty i nie ma w niej niczego, co przemawiałoby za jej stosowaniem. Przemoc wynika zawsze z działania człowieka, zazwyczaj jest intencjonalna, a jej istotą jest naruszenie jakiś praw i dóbr jednostki, których łamanie uniemożliwia samoobronę i powoduje szkody. Z tych względów z całą pewnością można ją zaliczyć do zjawisk z zakresu patologii społecznej, do zachowania patologicznego. Książka jest skonstruowana w taki sposób, aby z jednej strony zapoznać czytelnika zarówno z charakterystyką otoczenia społecznego badanych uczniów – szkoły, środowiska rówieśniczego, jak i rodziny, zaś z drugiej pokazać skalę i zakres zjawiska przemocy w sposób, który w polskiej literaturze poświęconej tej kwestii nie był jeszcze realizowany. Książka składa się z trzech części. Pierwszą poświęcamy charakterystyce podejścia badawczego. Omawiana jest metodologia i metodyka przeprowadzonych badań oraz podstawowe kategorie analizy. W drugiej części prezentujemy otoczenie społeczne dzieci i młodzieży. Omawiamy relacje uczniów z nauczycielami, innymi uczniami i z szerszym, pozaszkolnym środowiskiem rówieśniczym oraz funkcjonowanie rodziny, relacje między członkami rodziny, postrzeganie ojca, matki przez młodych respondentów. Ta część pozwoliła na rozpoznanie wyjątkowej skali problemów i trudności, które występują w otoczeniu społecznym łódzkich uczniów. Trzecia część przedstawia analizę problemu przemocy i poczucia bezpieczeństwa w opiniach badanych dzieci i młodzieży. Omawiamy zarówno zjawisko przemocy w szkole, jego skalę i zróżnicowanie, jak i w środowisku rówieśniczym i domowym. Ta część książki pokazuje, w naszym przekonaniu, nowe podejście w zakresie poszukiwania z jednej strony uwarunkowań powstawania przemocy, a z drugiej sposobów wyjaśniania jej skali i specyfiki. Ponieważ w Polsce nie bada się zbyt często zjawiska przemocy na tak dużą skalę (badaniami objęto 18 192 uczniów wszystkich łódzkich szkół) sądzimy, iż wyniki badań i wnioski z nich płynące dają prawo o uogólniania tendencji czy też prawidłowości co do analizowanego zjawiska na szerszą,niż tylko lokalną skalę. W podjętych badaniach postawiliśmy sobie za cel określenie podstawowych poziomów oddziaływań grupowych, które mogłyby prowadzić lub wręcz doprowadziły do ewentualnego wzrostu poczucia zagrożenia wśród łódzkiej młodzieży, jak również chcieliśmy wskazać jakość funkcjonowania środowisk oddziałujących na proces kształtowania osobowości młodego człowieka.

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Folklor jako inspiracja twórczości wybranych kompozytorów słowiańskich XIX I XX wieku
7.00 €

Folklor jako inspiracja twórczości wybranych kompozytorów słowiańskich XIX I XX wieku

Author(s): Anna Liszewska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2013

The subject of research for the author was the influence of folklore on creative output of Slav composers of the 19th and 20th centuries. In order to examine and precisely specify its meaning for the creation of music literature pieces it was assumed that folklore was not only a result of emotional needs, customs, ceremonies and everyday life of simple men, but also the specificity of natural environment (landscape) and the cyclically repeating natural phenomena which are inseparably connected with it. The main thesis here was the influence of these factors on creative output of the composers who were born in the area originally inhabited by Slav people and who used in their compositions the characteristic features of the Eastern and Western Slav and folklore. According to the current political division they are the areas in Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Eastern Germany with Lusatia, Western part of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, and partly also Lithuania. While examining the influence of folklore on creative output the author attempted to inquire WHY Slav composers of the 19th and 20th centuries so often and so eagerly used folklore elements, IN WHATWAY they adapted and processed them, and WHAT INFLUENCE this usage had on the interpretation of their music pieces. The analysis of specific forms selected from among the pieces by the following composers: I.J. Paderewski, A. Dvorak, D. Shostakovich and A. Tansman, was used in order to demonstrate and characterize the folklore elements which occur in them and the means used to express it. The selection of composers and their pieces to analyse was caused by an attempt to show the strength of influence of folklore on the Slav culture creators of different origin and nationality. The author also wanted to show compositions differing from each other in terms of genre, form, style and the way how folklore elements were used in them – as a quotation, stylization or synthesis. The text part of the thesis consists of two major chapters divided into subchapters. Chapter 1 is a descriptive and historical presentation of the landscape and cultural background for the general creative output of Slav composers with special attention devoted to the geographical features and traditions and music culture of the described regions. Apart from definitions of key notions of the undertaken research the chapter includes a detailed description of folk melodies and dances from the mentioned regions, as well as a presentation of different ways of using folklore elements by composers. The chapter also presents the scale of the phenomenon of inspiration for creative output of Slav composers of the 19th and 20th centuries by folklore by giving its characteristic features based on specific examples and differentiating it in terms of language circles. The number of examples clearly shows an undeniable influence of folklore on these pieces, and the difference in the meaning of its usage is connected with its regional nature. Russian music inspired by folklore exposes deep, extremely spontaneous, moving and direct emotionality which is close to the sensitivity of people living in that area. Czech and Slovak music based on folklore expresses not so much the drama and “the voice of soul” but practical usability, the fulfilling of social function as a factor supporting the regional identity. Polish music inspired by folklore, even though it usually has a national factor implied, its characteristic feature is special emotionality, romanticism and melancholy, sensitivity, gentleness and subtlety of feeling. An important role in this characteristics is played by the landscape factor which gives the Slav folklore features a special regional atmosphere. Chapter 2 of the thesis has a detailed character and it includes an analysis of the influence of folklore on the creative output of I.J. Paderewski, A. Dvorak, D. Shostakovich and A. Tansman on the basis of four selected compositions; their recordings performed by the thesis author and soloists are enclosed here. The selected pieces were used to show and characterize the rhythmical dance motives included in them, the melodic scales coming from folk music and the way they were used, and also to search for other elements of the Slav folklore spirit, i.e., folk and patriotic themes or romantic moods. The first presented piece is a composition by I.J. Paderewski entitled “Tatra Album” for solo piano. The composer used original quotations from highland melodies and rhythms he learned and became fascinated by during his hike around Podhale in the summer of 1883, which he did for health reasons, accompanied by doctor Tytus Chałbiński, a friend Jan Kleczyński and Bartek Obrochta, a guide throughout the colourful world of the Podhale music. This journey resulted in the cycle of six piano miniatures which are almost a historical and documentary record of the most famous and characteristic music of Podhale enriched only with virtuoso piano elements giving the composition a noble lustre and dash. It is also the first piece in the history of the Polish music literature using the music elements of the highland folklore.Its characteristic features are” the specificity of rhythmics and melodics of highland dances presented in chapter 1, falling direction of melodic line and the so-called rest points at the melodic line ends that consist in detaining long sounds beyond the metre limits. The source of this phenomenon is that the composer wanted to obtain the effect of the sound spreading around, echoing or, in other words, of the mountains’ response. This element causes that after very rhythmical and vivid dance fragments we get an impression of pausing music, rest, falling into a reverie, suspension or a question. We find here a resemblance to rubato which is commonly used in romantic music, however, the context of expression is slightly different. The majority of original fragments quoted can be found in the collections by Adolf Chybiński entitled “From Tatra Mountains to the Baltic Sea” and “The Music of Podhale” by Stanisław Mierczyński, but the oldest original written score of the Podhale melodies can be found in the 12th volume of The Tatra Society Diary from 1888. This publication confirms the authenticity of the melodies quoted by Paderewski in “Tatra Album” op. 12, those melodies are its main music themes. Paderewski’s composition is an example ofa direct influence of folklore and the usage of its elements in a form of quotation. Its natural consequence are highland scales used in the piece as well as the characteristic intervals of fifths in the accompaniment. Therefore, the substance of highland folk music alone had a considerable influence on the form of the composition and, as a consequence, a difficult interpretation for a pianist. A different kind of the folklore influence we can find in the cycle of songs entitled “Gypsy Melodies” by A. Dvorak. The composer, due to his peasant background, grew up surrounded by genuine and vivid Slav folk music, which in time became part of his individual style and music language that was an original stylization of folklore. Folk and fairy-tale themes together with the danceability of rhythm used by the composer as a form-creating substance constitute the basis of his works. Such features can also be found in the presented cycle of songs which is a Slav stylization of the Gypsy folklore themes from Heyduk’s poetry which was the composer’s source of inspiration to express and emphasize the very patriotic national attitude. In his songs Gypsy people sing about the love of freedom not only with the words of the poet but first of all by means of Dvorak’s beautiful and pure Slav music, in which we find its characteristic elements combined with the sound colour imitating the sounds of the Gypsy music instruments(dulcimer) and reflecting the mood and atmosphere of that folklore. In Shostakovich’s pieces, unlike the ones by other composers presented earlier, itis hard to find direct inspiration by folklore. However, these elements are deeply rooted in tradition and music of the Russian national school and they had their continuation in a form of language and style of expression referring to folklore of this composer. In his sonata for cello and piano they can be found as the melodic construction of themes based on modal scales, changes of intonation which is characteristic for Eastern Slav regions, interval leaps (fifths, sixths), and also Shostakovich’s favourite rhythm motif characteristic for old Russian khorovod dances. Thanks to these influences the composition gained a wide emotional scale, which could encompass and express the rather complicated and extreme nature of his personality whose outline we can find in the quoted “Solomon Volkov’s Testimony”, lend credence ideologically and bring the piece closer to the wider audience. The movement and accents coming from folk music and combined with the Slav warmth and lyricism of melodious themes are the basis for constructing contrasts in the interpretation of this piece. Even more different aspect of the Slav folklore influence can be found in works by A. Tansman, a composer of Jewish descent who was born in Poland, in Łódź, but who spent the majority of his life in France. Similarly to Shostakovich’s pieces, also in case of this composer a direct connection between his pieces and folklore cannot be specified, but Shostakovich thought of himself as a continuator of Mussorgsky’s ideas, whereas Tansman found his mission in relation to Chopin’s music. In many of his compositions (e.g. in the Suite-Divertissement analyzed here) there are clear elements of the Polish folklore in a form of mazurka rhythms, specific lyricism and emotional tone of slow parts, and a quotation from a popular folk lullaby from Podlasie “Uśnijżemi, uśnij”. The piece is a great example of synthesis of the Polish folk music spirit present in folk melodies and dances with the ideas of the French neoclassicism showing itself in the formal construction of the suite. Thanks to the usage of specific timbre and sound elements the composer managed to recreate the atmosphere and climate of the country of his childhood – Poland. On the basis of the research on the pieces selected for analysis it can be concluded that folklore inspired creative output of Slav composers of the 19th and 20thcenturies who, through their imagination, originality and talent many times took its advantages the highest levels of aesthetical sensitivity, at the same time expressing the depth of human sub consciousness where, thanks to the memory of experiences and sensations, deepest feelings, emotions and dreams are kept, in other words, everything that moves and touches us, that cannot be understood but felt only. Music can express it to the fullest extent. Despite the differences in terms of nationality and background of the selected composers, as well as their different artistic principles, and also the type of inspiration by folklore, we need to notice the similarity of aptitude for Slavism resulting from their place of birth.

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Hotelarstwo w zabytkowych rezydencjach jako czynnik modyfikujący otoczenie
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Hotelarstwo w zabytkowych rezydencjach jako czynnik modyfikujący otoczenie

Author(s): Rafał Rouba / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 2010

The most striking aspects of the contemporary world are the globalization, standardization and unification. Because of the continuous technological progress the reality is no longer created by nature or artists, but by emotionless computers. The whole world has become homogenized by big-box retails stores and products made in China, passion has been replaced with pursuit of money, aesthetics with ergonomics, and precious materials with cheap substitutes. These changes are also reflected in tourism, which gains importance in today's world and whose aims are among others to help people having fast-paced lifestyles to maintain physical and mental health and well-being in a place other than their normal place of residence and work. The antidote to this highly commercial reality are heritage residencies – full of mystery, romanticism and childhood dreams. Hotels operating in heritage buildings offer unique combination of accommodation and tourism experience. What they offer is not only a safe place, comfortable bed or tasty meal, but also tangible links to the Polish history. In Poland revitalization of heritage residencies through conversion to hotels has been gaining importance for several dozen years. At the end of the first decade of the 21st century there are approximately 500 palaces, manor houses and castles that offer lodging and conference services for business travelers, and each year new establishments open. This paper presents the results of the author's own studies of a group of 180 Polish historic palaces, manor houses and castles converted into hotels, carried out in the beginning of the 21st century.

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Index alfabetyczny i index a tergo do słownictwa ludowego Karola Dejny
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Index alfabetyczny i index a tergo do słownictwa ludowego Karola Dejny

Author(s): Beata Gala-Milczarek,Grażyna Frank-Rakowska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2010

Publikowanie indeksu alfabetycznego i indeksu a tergo wyrasta z przeświadczenia o przydatności takich indeksów w badaniach nad poszczególnymi składnikami systemu, szczególnie w pracach nad słowotwórstwem (Gala, 2010). Świadomość taką i intencję wyraził autor Słownictwa ludowego w słowach „zbiór słownictwa ludowego (...) będzie (...) służył jako źródło materiałów badawczych z zakresu fonetyki i słownictwa, a po sporządzeniu indeksu haseł a tergo do badań słowotwórczych” (Dejna, 1974: 194). Słownictwo ludowe z terenu byłych województw kieleckiego i łódzkiego zostało opublikowane w „Rozprawach Komisji Językowej ŁTN”, t. XX– XXXI, w latach 1974–1986. Było gromadzone w drugiej połowie XX wieku a pochodziło od informatorów urodzonych w końcu XIX wieku i na początku wieku XX. Powyższe warunki chronologiczne wpisują materiał w cezurę historyczną. Publikowany zasób określa autor jako słownictwo ludowe, to znaczy takie, które było w użyciu ludności wiejskiej, w mowie ludowej bez rozstrzygania o jego gwarowym, innogwarowym czy ogólnopolskim pochodzeniu. Pojęciu słownictwa ludowego i jego atrybutom – wyrażania właściwości leksykalnych, morfologicznych, fonetycznych oraz syntaktycznych – została podporządkowana postać hasła. Za hasło przyjął autor „każdą synchronicznie (dla połowy XX wieku) wyodrębniającą się od innych układem fonemów, strukturą morfologiczną, znaczeniem czy funkcją syntaktyczną jednostkę słownikową, nie wyłączając takich typów jak: wyrazy z właściwością fonetyczną, która nie jest odbiciem ogólnych systemowych cech wymowy danej wsi, lecz ogranicza się do jednostkowych wyrazów (krzasło, kapalusz, kieluszek, krzept, (...) mitka, boczoń itp.; wyrazy przekręcone względnie zmienione przez etymologię ludową (nizinier, rozerwiska, (...) omętra); deminutiwa nie posiadające własnych znaczeń (koźlątko, koziołeczek); formy stopnia wyższego i najwyższego (dłukszy, nalepszy, najlekciejszy); niektóre imiesłowy (wyplety, on jest bojący); odrębne typy fleksyjne (karuzel, mysza, brwia, brzucho, tąpól, jud, paskud, nieszpór, pszenni, trzeźbi); oba człony zestawień (kozia broda, ten sam, tędy owędy); drugi człon zestawienia przyimkowego, jeśli nie posiada samodzielnej podstawy słowotwórczej (na bosaka, w dyrdy); urzeczownikowione przymiotniki czy liczebniki (złoty, młoda); formy przypadkowe w funkcji przysłówkowej (gwałtem, ławą, siła, ‘ile, wiele’); wyrażenia przyimkowe w użyciu przysłówkowym (z cicha, bez mała, na gorąco)” (Dejna, 1974: 195) itd. Taki szeroki zasób haseł przytoczony w porządku alfabetycznym, w pisowni ogólnopolskiej, w formie podstawowej z pominięciem właściwości ogólnie znanych, np. mazurzenia, rozłożenia nosówek, labializacji, samogłosek pochylonych, zmian samogłoskowych przed spółotwartymi, wyznacza formułę indeksu alfabetycznego i stanowi podstawę indeksu a tergo.

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Kohezje w publicystyce okresu Oświecenia.
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Kohezje w publicystyce okresu Oświecenia.

Author(s): Grzegorz Majkowski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2007

In this dissertation we take a problem of cohesion’s description in political commentary at the Enlightenment. I arranged the common regularities and cohesively rules for texts. The cohesion’s means are usually an explicit indexes – they are disclose in text – typical anaphoric: synonyms, hyponyms, hiperonyms, co-hyponyms and also nominal phrase and anaphoric pronouns, pronouns group. Among anaphoric’s indexes are also implicitly means in ellipse form. The overt index (question) has an influence on coherence political commentary. Near of coherence’s referencial means the cohesion is ensure by components of text, which generate functional coherence – conjunctions which every units of sentences is binding. The typical thing of structure in political commentary at the Enlightenment ages is graphics for example; italic, paragraphs. These texts which are making for analysis keep unity because they have enormous repetition’s system. We can say that repetitions made an cohesive ‘skeleton’. We can also distinguish an lexical (łac. Recurrents), synonym’s repetition, syntactic’s parallels. Although repetitions (lexical) are broad components by the information, so because of cohesive, it’s justified especially when it’s deficiency the others bonds in text. That’s why, when for example anaphoric pronoun, anaphora’s ellipsis delete an excess repetition, they are very rarely in text. In small field in the prints from the Enlightenment are characterized by hyponym’s coherence and co-hyponym’s. Generally speaking the political commentary from 18th century are not saturated external indicators. Some of the sentences units are cohesively not only one but plenty of cohesion’s means. In this way the cohesion’s focus arises in text. The cohesion’s indexes join the sentences and also they have text communicatived and stabilized typical text form. So that’s why we have many repetitions in publications where transparent and logic’s argumentation are very important. And cohesion which is realized by compensation – anaphoric pronoun and anaphoric ellipse condense text and that have influence on economics’ text, but only when they are not use so a lot of time. The political commentary which were use at the Enlightenment period by the formal form between intersentences, we have to understand them like a universal form in historical polish language. The same types of meaning are in political text in different ages. The analyses of exemplificative material allows to conclude, that in the Enlightenmentpolitical commentary is many described in this dissertation – master of cohesion from formal level, so mutual rules of cohesion and rely by them is the structure of text. The formal means of cohesion’s political commentary at the Enlightenment need to recognize as important factor in texts. The classified and described means of cohesion serve to persuade the message recipient to adopt a definite political view. They have a persuasive value and they indicate the persuasive function of the text. In the 18th century political writing certain cohesive – persuasive patterns can be distinguished e.g. cohesive – emotional (affective) or cohesive – graphic ones. The text disposition (composition) should also be noted.A text is a unit of language in use. A text is a communicative and functional occurrence.

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Meandry i wyzwania procesu globalizacji
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Meandry i wyzwania procesu globalizacji

Author(s): Ziemowit J. Szczakowski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2010

Przedmiotem zainteresowań autora jest tematyka międzynarodowych stosunków gospodarczych. W ostatnich latach zainteresowania swoje koncentrował głównie na problemach transformacji systemowej oraz procesach globalizacji i ich wpływie na gospodarkę polską. W ostatnich 13 latach autor zamieścił w czasopismach fachowych 30 publikacji poświęconych wspomnianej tematyce. W tym dwie książki i jeden skrypt. Prezentowana praca jest kolejną książką i zarazem podsumowaniem prowadzonych przez autora badań nad procesami globalizacji. Świadomość złożoności tych procesów spowodowała, że praca z konieczności nabrała charakteru interdyscyplinarnego. Autor, aby spróbować wyjaśnić skomplikowany charakter szybko zmieniających się sytuacji we współczesnej gospodarce światowej, zmuszony był korzystać nie tylko z wiedzy ekonomicznej, ale również z wiedzy socjologicznej, politologicznej, a nawet antropologicznej. Próby zrozumienia tych procesów wymagały przeanalizowania ich w przekroju historycznym, regionalnym, międzynarodowym i globalnym. Procesy globalizacji dotyczą ponadto nie tylko zjawisk ekonomicznych, ale również kulturowych i cywilizacyjnych. Procesy globalizacji obejmują także wielobiegunowy świat finansów Międzynarodowych. Pod wpływem procesu globalizacji zmienia się również rola i funkcjonowanie państwa. Pod wpływem globalizacji zmienia się cały otaczający nas świat i jego funkcjonowanie. Proces globalizacji ma i będzie miał coraz większy wpływ na sytuację społeczno-gospodarczą Polski, stąd częste odniesienia autora do wpływu tych procesów na Polskę. Stałe pogłębianie wiedzy o przyczynach i skutkach globalizacji, o korzyściach i zagrożeniach związanych z tym złożonym procesem, jest niezbędne dla ich zrozumienia, dla podejmowania racjonalnych decyzji zarówno na szczeblu rządowym, jak i podmiotów gospodarczych. Lepsze rozpoznanie zachodzących zmian może być również antidotum na społeczne frustracje. Pogłębiona wiedza o globalizacji to także większa szansa na pełniejsze wykorzystanie tych korzyści, które oprócz zagrożeń, niesie ze sobą proces globalizacji. W aneksie autor zamieścił kilka refleksji na temat sytuacji Polski w kontekście procesów integracyjnych i globalizacji.

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Początki literatury kryminalnej w Anglii
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Początki literatury kryminalnej w Anglii

Author(s): Witold Ostrowski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2016

What is crime LITERATURE. Crime literature consists of works on crime. Crime is not only murder, but also kidnapping, blackmail, extortion, robbery, incest, bigamy... A work belongs to crime ‘literature when its theme, from the beginning to/ its/ end, is crime. Crime literature may be based on fact (a police report, a journalist’s reportage, an account of a trial a criminal biography or autobiography) or it may present fiction. Crime fiction takes on various literary forms and appears in many genres. It may be a poetical work like a criminal ballad or a long great poem like The Ring and the Book (1868) by Robert Browning. Many examples of crime drama may be given, beginning with Aeschylus’ Oresteia. In Shakespeare’s times twenty tragedies on crime were written by prominent playwrights. Shakespeare himself wrote seven of them. The most popular and numerous crime fiction exists in the form of a short-story (Conan Doyle) or a novel. Novels fall into crime novels like Conrad’s The Secret Agent and Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment which do not present a mystery, and the detective novels like Conan Doyle’s The Hound of the Baskervilles and Dorothy L. Sayers1The Nine Tailors. In these a mystery connected with somebody’s death is solved and explained by an amateur or professional detective. One of the characteristic features of English crime literature is its oldness. It goes back to the fifteenth century and from the sixteenth century until the present day has formed an unbroken chain of various genres. The present study is an attempt to trace its history until the formation of the crime novel in the nineteenth century. Other features of the English crime literature are: good literary names among its authors: (R. Greene, T. Dekker, Ch. Marlowe, Shakespeare, D. Defoe, H. Fielding, Ch. Dickens, George Eliot, E. Gaskell, R.L. Stevenson, J. Conrad, G.K. Chesterton, T.S. Eliot); wide variety of genres: pious criminal tales, criminal ballads, informative essay warning against criminal tricks, picaresque and criminal lives of men and women, murder plays and tragedies of crime, The Newgate Calendar (chronicles of crime and novels based on The Calendar, literary respectability: most of the literature belongs to the mainstream of national literature; deep roots in real life of real people “wicked uncles” and “noble outlaws” are involved in criminal situations recurrent many periods of history and therefore frequently reflected in fiction. People, who know little about crime literature, are persuaded that if caters for low instincts and that the reason for writing it or reading it is creating vulgar sensation. The reality is much more complex. Of course, every writer wants to earn some money for his texts and Shakespeare and his colleagues wrote great tragedies and farces for the same purpose. But some crime literature of fact is written and read of necessity; pious criminal tales were written to give hope to heavy sinners and they were read by them with that feeling. Elizabethan pamphlets warned people again more than dozen criminal activities. It is a generally known fact the so-called thrillers are read by intellectuals –scientists and scholars, lawyers, physicians and engineers. Even if they read thrillers by way of emotional compensation, their intellect is not offended by the contents of the books, but rather stimulated. The offer presented to the readers is manifold. There are detective now contrived like crossword puzzles. In ABC Murders (1936) and Ten Little Nigger Boys(1939) by Agatha Christie people disappear according to the alphabet or a nursery rhyme. These are mere intellectual games. But when we read The Woman in White (1860) and The Moonstone by William Wilkie Collins, we enter a world of a period with a gallery of highly individual complex characters, respectable gentry and middle classes at the bottom of which criminal tendencies express themselves in ingenious wrong-doing. Here the reader is engaged in something deeper and richer than in a mere “whodunit”. Still more profound moral problems are to be encountered in The Secret Agent by Joseph Conrad and in Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoyevsky. One of the important reasons for reading crime fiction is the experience terror in the condition of safety. In many readers inner protest against the evil of the crime and, sometimes, pity for the criminal (like Othello) are aroused. Aristotle called this kind of experience catharsis – purification. Mrs Ann Radcliffe called it terror, saw it in Shakespeare and Milton and ascribed to it the rise of the soul to a higher life. At the same time she condemned horror – feeling of fear and disgust excited low literature. One of the problems closely connected with crime literature is the problem of its evaluation. There is a difference between the literary and the social value of a book. Crime literature has achieved a unique social success in creating the myth of Sherlock Holmes, comparable to the myths of Faustus and Don Juan. The detective has become an embodiment and a symbol of scientific knowledge in the service justice. Everybody knows who Holmes was, even without having read anything about him. In the case of Conan Doyle literary value – especially power of imagination accompanied the social importance of the character. Conan Doyle’s London of the fin-de-siecle, with its fog, cabs, servants keeping their masters in order, and decadentism exemplified in Holmes himself evoke reality. The Hound of the Baskervilles is a perfect synthesis of the English tradition of the modern outlook which rejectssuperstition. There was also a real social force in the criminal plays of J. Galsworthy Silver Box (1906), Justice (1910) and Escape (1926) – which influenced for the good the English justice and penitentiary. Yet we must remember that social acceptance of all novels was late. In the early half of the nineteenth century they were considered morally suspect. It was the great Victorian novelists who made them respectable by writing them so that they could be read in a family circle. But W.M. Thackeray was of the opinion that knowledge of criminal evil somehow degrades. So the stigma of something inferior stuck to crime fiction for long. But at least in England it always made a part of the main stream of literary creation. It ought to be judged like any other literary work. The first outstanding example of a crime novel was The Unfortunate Traveller (1594) by Thomas Nashe. This is an extraordinary story of ugly horrors, but it contains a discourse of revenge that has an echo in Hamlet. Defoe’s Moll Flanders continues the picaresque genre. In the eighteenth century Mrs Radcliffe introduced into the crime novel the element of the mysterious, inspiring terror. But she failed in technically harmonizing the lengthy presentation of the psychology of terror with the fast movement of criminal action. But the presence of a mystery embodied in the background, atmosphere, incidents or character led to the investigation of the mystery of crime – to the novel of detection. This novel was an invention of the late nineteenth century – 1860’s – in England and France. It takes advantage of the technical inventions of Mrs Radcliffe – breaking off the action and carrying it to another place, surprise and suspense. Today, owing to Conrad’s film realism which presents people and things from outside, but at the same time allows for some insight in human mind and heart, character and action have been united as may be seen in the novels of Graham Greene or, for example, in The Tangled Web (1956) by the poet Nicholas Blake. The problems connected with the literary value of crime fiction exceed the scope of my book. If I mention them it is because in the early history of English crime literature two important works anticipate the detective fiction. One of them is the Scottish ballad Edward, Edward with detection and accusation carried on by dialogue. The other is Hamlet, an extraordinary combination of a detective play and a tragedy. Both of them are remarkable for their endings: in Edward, Edward it is the detective who turns up to be responsible for the crime. In Hamlet the detective is killed, because he unconsciously revealed himself to the poisoner as the one who knows. This general introduction is followed by chapters in which various genres of crime literature have been presented in detail.BRITISH CRIME BALLADThis chapter is an attempt to assess the social literary function of the British crime ballad from the 15th to the end of the 17th century and its literary influence in later times. The research has been based on E.K. Chamber’s English Literature of the Close of the Middle Ages, H. Grierson and J. C. Smith’s A Critical History of English Poetry, Brimley Johnson’s A Book of British Ballads (Everyman’s Library) and J. Kydryński’s Księga ballad angielskich i szkockich. About 30 ballads about crime have been analysed as crime fiction. As crime literature the ballad was preceded by pious tales of crime like the fictitious Life of St. Gregory (14th c.) or The Unnatural Daughter (15th c.) which used horror for moral purposes. Both genres concentrate on crime. Robin Hood and the Monk, one of the oldest ballads, shows crude brutality and sensationalism without any moral, which distinguishes it from pious tales. All crime ballads functioned as sensational literature and tend to circumstantial realism. They either present feudal manners and morals or popular sentiment where unhappy lovers are involved. Some of their plots like those of The Cruel Mother or Binnorie are very simple, but some others, usually those based on real events, show complexities which remind one of modern stories of crime and detection. Lamkin is a detailed account of a cruel revenge of a castle builder for refusal to pay him. Together with the nurse he contrives a plot to get into the castle during its owner’s absence and murders his baby and his lady. Edward, deserves special attention as a ballad in the form of a detective examination which leads to the revelation of the crime, its motivation, and the intriguer. The ballad has been translated, rather indifferently, by the great Polish romantic poet Juliusz Słowacki in his youthful tragedy Maria Stuart. In the late 17th century British crime ballad was replaced by a crime pamphlet, but it paved the way for a literary character of a glamorous picaresque hero in the person of Robin Hood; it also suggested some models of criminal plots to later writers. In the late 18m century it began to exert its influence on major writers through collections of old ballads. As examples of this influence The Fair Helen of Kirkconnel The Douglas Tragedy and The Ballad of Cumnor Hal have been discussed. The first found its echo in the paraphrases of John Mayne and W. Wordsworth. The second inspired John Home’s tragedy Douglas. The third prompted Walter Scott to write Kenilworth.CRIME AS TRAGIC THEME IN SHAKESPEARE’S TIMES. It is not an accident that crime, especially murder, is a frequent theme of tragedy. From the beginning to its final consequences it is fraught with dramatic tension, suspense, expectations and a great variety of strong emotions. Besides, crime like disease, is understood to be something antihuman and antisocial and therefore is treated as an event alien to life, with its own inception, development, and ending. This lends to it the character of a dramatic composition parallel with classical tragedy. The theme of crime is to be found in Greek tragedies. An analysis of Aeschylus’ Oresteia shows how important moral issues were involved in the presentation of crime on the stage and that some attention was paid to the technique of crime. This is the list of tragedies of crime produced in Shakespeare’s times, with approximate dates of writing:0. Seneca, Thyestes (1560);1. Thomas Kyd, The Spanish Tragedy (1584–1589);2. Anonymous, Arden of Feversham (1585–1592);3. Christopher Marlowe, The Jew of Malta (1589–1590);4. William Shakespeare, Richard III (1592–1593);5. William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus (1592–1594);6. William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar (1599–1600);7. William Shakespeare, Hamlet (1600–1601);8. George Chapman, Bussy D’Ambois (1600–1604);9. William Shakespeare, Othello (1604–1605);10. William Shakespeare, Macbeth (1605–1606);11. William Shakespeare, King Lear (1605–1606);12. Anonymous, A Yorkshire Tragedy (1605–1608);13. Cyril Tourner, The Revenger’s Tragedy (1606–1607);14. Cyril Tourner, The Atheist’s Tragedy (1607–1611);15. George Chapman, The Revenge of Bussy D’Ambois (1607–1611);16. John Webster, The White Devil (1609–1613);17. John Webster, The Duchess of Malfi(1612–1614);18. Thomas Middleton and William Rowley, The Changeling (1622–...);19. John Ford, ‘Tis Pity She’s A Whore (1625–1633);20. Philip Massinger, The Roman Actor (1629).Seneca’s Thyestes published in England in 1560 became an inspiration for Kyd and other Elizabethan authors of tragedies of revenge. The list closes with Philip Massinger’s The Roman Actor about love, tyranny and a plot to murder in the times of Domitian. Shakespeare is represented on the list by seven plays, which is significant. The survey of the twenty tragedies shows a wide variety of crime though murder prevails. Many different techniques of killing are used. The Machiavellian criminal and his varieties are discussed with their motivation. Contemporaneous real crimes and stories of real crimes in the past are referred to the tragedies. It has been pointed out that seemingly senseless criminal behaviour of Calverly in Yorkshire Tragedy is explained in George Wilkins’s play The Miseries of Enforced Marriage. As a result of the young man being forced into a marriage his beloved girl committed suicide. The latter part of the chapter is devoted to Shakespeare’s place among the playwrights. Detailed analyses of Titus Andronicus and Hamlet show that Shakespeare progressed from cheap sensational horror to a high drama of crime. Both the plays are remarkable for the presence in them of the elements of detection. Hamlet is a great tragedy of crime and detection in which the death of the detective suggests profound reflections on the moral sense of life and the chances of justice. At the same time tragedy contains many features of the other Elizabethan tragedies with crime as their theme. CRIMINAL REPORTAGE IN ENGLAND OF 16thAND 17th CENTURIES. Successive forms of criminal reportage in England of the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries are presented in this chapter with their unstable genre quality and consequent offshoots tending to become crime stories or drama. W. Harrison’s Description of England (1587) with its references to the criminal underworld begins the list and is followed by warning pamphlets by A. Harman, J. Awdelay, R. Greene and T. Dekker with his The Bellman of London. Greene’s pamphlets develop into stories of crime and criminal biography (in The Third Part of Cony-Catching and in The Conversion of an English Courtesan which anticipates Moll Flanders). Similar tendency is to be seen in Dekker’s The Black Book’s Messenger. The second type of criminal reportage was the reporting pamphlet whichdeveloped out of broadside ballads in 17lh century. This low literature of “blood and knavery” was mostly anonymous. The third type was a stage reportage, based on current characters and events andexemplified by The Roaring Girl (1611) and murder plays: Arden of Feversham, Two Lamentable Tragedies, Warning for Fair Women, Page and Plymouth, A Yorkshire Tragedy and The Late Murder in Whitechapel, staged in 1585, 1594, 1599, 1599, 1607 and 1624 respectively. Mostly anonymous, some of them were ascribed to Shakespeare, some others were written by known playwrights. THE FIRST STEPS TOWARDS THE PICARESQUE NOVEL IN ENGLAND. This chapter acknowledges the role of Lazarillo de Tormes in creating the model of picaresque fiction in Elizabethan times, but also points to its native, English tradition and background, especially to anatomies of roguery which introduced a much stronger element of crime into the English picaresque story. This is exemplified by traditional short stories of crime embedded in T. Deloney’s Thomas of Reading and in Robert Greene’s tendency towards writing criminal lives in his last part of his Cony-Catching pamphlets. The main body of the chapter consists of a detailed analysis of The UnfortunateTraveller or The Life of Jack Wilton (1594) by Thomas Nashe. Its aspects of a “historical” novel and a picaresque novella, gradually evolving into a crime story of the grotesque and horror until it reaches the depth of the tragedy of revenge and horror in Chapter XII, are discussed with references to Marlowe’s and Shakespeare’s evil Machiavellian characters and Act III, sc. 3 of Hamlet. Queries are asked about Elizabethan concept of tragedy in connection with the contemporaneous Christianity devoid of charitable love. The conclusion is that T. Nashe’s “mocking imagination” and consequent style make his highly individual picaresque novel so ambiguous that it is impossible to give decisive assessment of his artistic intents. Without its “tragic matter” it served as a model for Defoe and Smollett in the eighteenth century. Defoe was the principal continuator of the Elizabethan tradition. His criminal biographies of adventurous men and women are discussed to come to the conclusion that the English picaresque novel from its very beginnings had a much stronger criminal element in it than the Continental picaresca and that its other distinctive feature has been the strong, energetic woman who at the end of the story undergoes a kind of conversion. THE NEWGATE CALENDAR – THE PROTOTYPE OF FAMOUS ENGLISH PITAVALS. This chapter first introduces the reader to some facts connected with the history of the Newgate Prison and the public executions which were taking place in front of it down to Dickens’s times. The notoriety of the prison produced its criminal chronicle – The Newgate Calendar of which various versions and imitations are discussed and then the author concentrates on The New Newgate Calendar as the most comprehensive and methodical publication of the British annals of crime and punishment,The character of that publication – sensational, but also seriously juridical and informative – and its literary plainness are presented. Crimes and criminals are seen against their social background, mostly eighteenth century with the extreme savagery of the criminal law illustrated by most sentences and executions described in The New Newgate Calendar. Some attempts to humanize the penal system are mentioned. A special place and attention has been given to some well-known or controversial criminals like Jack Sheppard, Jonathan Wild, and Eugene Aram, owing to their literary popularity reflected in the writings of Defoe, Gay, Fielding and later writers. The paper stresses the importance of The New Newgate Calendar for the development of crime fiction. The Calendar created an early model of criminal biography imitated by writers of fiction; it has become an inexhaustible source ofcriminal matter for the controversial Newgate Novel writers like Lytton Bulwer, Thackeray, and Dickens and for their literary descendants in the twentieth century. As a factual criminal chronicle of Great Britain The Calendar was replaced by the popular sensational press such as “Reynolds’ News” in the middle of the nineteenth century, but in 1905 Harry Hodge revived the old tradition in the publication of he Notable British Trials, which by 1955 had run into 80 volumes. The choice ofvintage cases only, the serious concern with the legal aspects of each trial, and the employment of good writers have made this new series a British rival to French pitavals. Similar serious enterprises have followed and some trials published by the Hodge family became popular through the Famous Trials series of Penguin Books. THE SUBSOIL OF CRIME LITERATURE IN ENGLAND. Whoever has read the foregoing chapters of this book, cannot doubt that English crime literature is old, varied, and organically embedded in the main body of English literature. It cannot be treated as something as isolated as chap-books, popular devotional works or porno. From its beginning it has been socially acceptable and perhaps this acceptance resulted in England being or seeming an exceptional country in respect of number and quality of the books of this kind as compared with France, Germany, Poland, or Russia. Let us, however, try to find an answer why this kind of literature developed in England so luxuriantly. It seems to me that to find an answer one must go, like a detective, to the place where all this had begun and has been accomplished. In my opinion this place--material and symbolic – is The Tower of London. It was built in 1087 by the order of William the Conqueror by bishop Ralf Flambard, later the first prisoner in the Tower. It was a fortress, royal castle and prison. Since 1465 it became the place of executions with a permanent caffold. In the times of Edward IV kings began to be executed there. From its beginning The Tower of London embodied the idea of the “right of conquest” and of the idea that “possession is nine points of the law”. The Normankings treated England as their personal property which was to be used as they willed. They did not, at first, establish any order of succession, which resulted in the anarchy of the civil war between Matilda and Stephen de Blois, with the terrible lawlessness and misery of the people described in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Royal family wars in Henry ll’s times ended in the final defeat of the king by his own sons. Though his reform of the system of justice introduced old democratic ideas of Common Law, his temper was that of an autocrat as may be seen in his letter to the chapter of Winchester Cathedral in which he permitted a free election of the bishop, but forbade to choose anybody else than Richard of Poitiers. As another example of his temper the tragic death of Thomas Becket might be quoted. In the atmosphere of lawlessness practiced by royalty, even when the order of succession was established in the upper classes of England, it happened that quite a number of wicked uncles killed their nephews or nieces to get hold of their property. We have a chain of such murders or attempts to murder in the literary form from the ballad of The Babes in the Wood through Richard III down to TheMysteries of Udolpho and Uncle Silas. In the thirteenth and the fourteenth centuries the powerful English and Celtic tradition transformed the Normans into the English. They still dictated as rulers, but a certain synthesis of cultures was developing. Arts and sciences flourished, literature, theatre and games became national and English. The Common Law and the English Parliament promised England to become a free country. War, conducted under various pretexts, was still the main source of income of the aristocracy and the knighthood in the form of spoils or money paid as ransom, but the production and export of wool began to change England into a capitalist country. Then, another great and bloody crisis came – the peasants’ revolt in the name of Christian democratic communism. The progress of lawlessness on both sides – that of the ruled and that of the rulers has been described in a day-by-day lively report of Jean Froissart, the first war reporter of Medieval Europe. This report is in itself an example of crime literature. Froissart’s Chronicles also tell us about the fate of Richard II, the king who broke his promise given to the peasants, who ordered to strangle with towels one of his uncles and ended by submission to his rival, Henry IV and death, possibly by murder. The third great outbreak of criminal activities was the War of the Two Roses. Its purpose on both sides was extermination of rivals to the throne. It did not destroy towns. Its theatre was the field and the Tower of London where prisoners were strangled, poisoned or drowned in casks of wine. It ended with treachery to which the Tudors owed their absolute power. Its episodes were put down by chroniclers and made a permanent part of English historical consciousness by Shakespeare who started his artistic career, dramatizing them in his tetralogy. Before Richard III rises up as a victorious arch-villain in Shakespeare’s first great tragedy, two strong French women dominate the War: St. Joan in France andQueen Margaret in England. Out of a resolute teenager she gradually develops into tragic character akin to Lady Macbeth.The reign of the Tudors put an end to the dynastic war, but did not stop theobsessive liquidation of the possible claimants to the throne of Henry VIII. The most gifted heads were chopped off in the Tower and the owners of the others were held in prison uncertain of their future. This practice delayed the blossoming of the Renaissance out of English Humanism. The suppression of monasteries and of the system of assistance to the poor resulted in an extraordinary growth of criminal occupations. Only towards the end of Elizabeth I’s life something was done for the poor. The powerful wave of crime roused by the rulers and the subjects was strengthened by sea piracy which was to rule the seas in the eighteenth century. It led to a new kind of criminal story of adventure written since D. Defoe to R.L. Stevenson and Sabatini. This was the criminal history of England before the rule of law was established by the inheritors of the makers of the Great Charter of Liberties and the Mode Parliament. The last outbreak of criminal lawlessness on the national scale was the Civil War and Revolution in the middle of the seventeenth century – the first of the bloody revolutions in Europe. The following Glorious Revolution of 1688 might be called glorious for the fact that it was accomplished with a minimum of bloodshed. The bloody character of the medieval and early modern history of England found its expression first in chronicles and ballads. The chronicles became the source of criminal tragedies. The growth of crime and the rise of manifold specialization in it produced warning pamphlets and reports together with biographies of criminals of both sexes of which the English picaresque novel of the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries grew. The Newgate Calendar became not only the root of British pitavals, but also a mine of criminal material for the novelists of the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. These were origins of crime literature in England. Since the second half of the nineteenth century the development of the detective novel began.

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Prace Polonistyczne

Prace Polonistyczne

Frequency: 1 issues / Country: Poland

Pierwszy rocznik „Prac Polonistycznych ukazał się w Łodzi w 1937 roku, z inicjatywy wybitnych humanistów związanych z Wolną Wszechnicą (ze Stefanią Skwarczyńską na czele). Pismo na trwałe związało się z Łodzią i regionem, ale od początku było periodykiem o charakterze ogólnopolskim. Po wojnie, nie przestając pełnić funkcji forum środowiska macierzystego, zyskiwało z każdym wydanym tomem coraz większy zasięg oddziaływania i coraz mocniejszą pozycję ogólnopolską. Przyjęto i konsekwentnie realizowano zasadę, aby publikować w kolejnych rocznikach artykuły literaturoznawców z rozmaitych ośrodków i środowisk, oraz aby byli to najlepsi specjaliści w zakresie danej problematyki. W ciągu ponad siedemdziesięciu lat istnienia „Prace Polonistyczne” zyskały uznanie i wysoką rangę ze względu na to, że każdy rocznik w zgodnej opinii badaczy wydatnie wzbogacał wiedzę o rodzimej literaturze. Rozprawy opublikowane w „Pracach Polonistycznych” weszły w dziesiątkach pozycji do podstawowej bibliografii każdej epoki literackiej i każdej dziedziny literaturoznawstwa. Od blisko dwudziestu lat redakcja „Prac Polonistycznych” (najpierw pod kierunkiem Krystyny Poklewskiej, a od ponad dekady — Wiesława Pusza) nadaje tomom charakter monograficzny. Ukazały się roczniki poświęcone dorobkowi autorskiemu: Z. Herberta, J. Słowackiego, J. Tuwima, wydano tomy tematyczne: Przypomnienia i promocje; U zbiegów stuleci; Zaskoczenia; „Jakaż to nuża wisi nade mną”, czyli w okowach ciała i duszy; Romantycy — fantastyka — podróż; Tobie — teraz. W kręgu literackich ofiarowań; Z powodu okoliczności, pod wpływem chwili; Pory dnia, pory roku; Potomność i potomkowie. Zapisać się w pamięci, zapisać się w nazwisku. W ostatnich latach pismo wzbogaciło się o nowe działy; do „Rozpraw i artykułów” doszły „Edycje”, „Na marginesach lektur” i „Przekłady”.

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Procesy urbanizacyjne na terenach turystyczno-wypoczynkowych strefy podmiejskiej Łodzi
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Procesy urbanizacyjne na terenach turystyczno-wypoczynkowych strefy podmiejskiej Łodzi

Author(s): Marzena Makowska-Iskierka / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2011

The urbanization processes, in spite of their great complexity and multifaceted character, in most of the monographs are analyzed only in several chosen aspects, not in a complex way. Mostly researched are the phenomena that exist in cities, more seldom in rural areas and usually without taking into consideration their specific character. So far, Polish works on tourist destination zones mostly did not concentrate on the urbanization process. Some scientists studies concentrated upon observation (Włodarczyk 1999), others claimed this type did not develop in the given area (Dziegieć 1987, Karolczak 2002). This research is characteristic of its originality in presenting the topic (it is referring to tourist destinations of the urban fringe zone of Łódź, and its details (analysis of data conducted on the level of towns), variety and complexity of surveys (urbanization described in all aspects). Moreover, there are a lot of comparisons of earlier information (mainly from the beginning of 1980s) with current ones, which led to presentation of scale, pace and directions of developing changes in the researched areas. Proposed were also gauges to specify characteristic features of contemporary urbanization. The subject presented in this work shows relevant phenomena, joining issues of geography, tourism and settlement, developing existing scientific achievement in this field at the same time. The Ph.D. aim of the research was to identify and examine the urbanization processes happening in tourism destinations76 of the urban fringe zone of Łódź in all aspects; analyzed were phenomena happening in demographic, economic, spatial and cultural spheres. First the survey of literature on research problems were made, as both urbanization and tourist area are complex issues. Then the characteristic of the area was made, mainly considering the genesis of holiday towns, their locations and transport availability, as well as natural and antropogenic advantages. Another step was to conduct detailed and multifaceted surveys of the area, thanks to which abounding source materials were collected, unfortunately in most cases in unprocessed form of quality and quantity data (rarely the evidence was gathering in computer system). To work out the obtained results, various statistical and cartographic methods were used. In order to do so, existing criteria were verified as well as gauges of the level of urbanization of the urban areas within suburban zone, functioning as tourist and own were proposed. While describing and interpreting phenomena that occur in the chosen area, a lot of features were taken into account, and description explaining relations between them was used. Also, to compare the process of urbanization developed in time in the researched tourist area, relation to data collected in earlier years was made. Due to these efforts, the causes, directions and results were determined. It helped to define developing tendencies and predict the forecast. While describing the urbanization processes developed in demographic and professional field, the density of population, number of people registered for permanent residency and their demographic structure were analyzed (such as sex, age, demographic responsibilities, feminization rate), as well as marital status, education and occupation. Also, the analysis of registration for permanent residency according to years and territorial origin of the population was conducted. Characterized were also ‘new’ temporary residents (that is respondent tourists and allotment users) accounting sex, age, education, marital and family status, occupation, wages, and territorial origin. In spatial-physiognomic field, there was examined the wide issue of changes concerning the structure of using the land and forms of the land ownership, spatial layout and towns function, building physiognomy and towns equipment in technical and social infrastructure. Classification of examined towns was made according to occupied area, typographs and analysis of dynamics and directions of changes in using the land, the leading directions were determined with K. Doi method. The forms of the ownership of the land and correlations with individual types of lands were analyzed. Spatial and functional changes of examined tourist and holiday areas were compared, the location and arrangement of the allotments were described, also the changes of their number, their development, appearance and age. Also, the age of the houses, spatial concentration and density of housing, change of the number, type and surface area of resident and holiday houses were described. Development physiognomy and its types, concerning architecture, wall materials, roof type, equipment, rooms and storeys number were taken into account. Moreover, technical and social infrastructure of holiday areas was discussed. While characterizing the transformation in economic field, allotment trade, building development and individual business entities activities were taken into consideration. Offers on selling the allotments an houses in tourist urban zones of Łódź were compared, the number and types of planning permissions for holiday and dwelling houses made within 1999–2004 were analyzed, also the business entities according to time of starting, type of activity, location and owner’s residence were compared. In cultural field, relations between residents and tourists (allotment users) were examined and non governmental organizations activities were described within researched area. Information from interviews and questionnaires were used for this purpose. The origin of allotments’ owners were determined in this way, as well as frequency and nature of mutual contacts with dwellers, the quality of rest, possibilities of further development of tourism and holiday settlement, discerning benefits from tourism development in those zones, motives for purchasing real estates in particular town and plans of moving to tourist zones. Cultural, entertainment, environmental and others organizations were described paying special attention to the character and aims of their activities, also the attempt to estimate their influence on activation of local society was made. As a result of the survey and wide studies, classification of tourist holiday towns were made, those located in suburban zones of Łódź, according to the level of urbanization processes development. A model and scheme of changes of these processes in the researched area was created, referring to transformations and types of tourist space and stages of tourist urbanization. There was made a prediction of the course of events that could occur as a result of further urbanization in tourist destination zones. Due to collected materials, the results of the surveys and their thorough analysis, all planned aims of the work were achieved. All the assumptions were proved and formulated hypotheses were reviewed positively. That means the urbanization processes in the tourist destinations of the urban fringe zones of Łódź, having distinctive features – differing from transformations in agricultural villages or towns – lead to irreversible special changes that end the cycle of life of the tourist zone. Holiday settlement near Łódź is only a stage in the urbanization process of the zones. It was proved that type, size and pace of the transformation of functions from tourist holiday into resident ones in towns located within suburban zone of the city, such as Łódź, depend on their localization, advantages and development, temporally functioning as holiday destination, and on socio-economic and occupational structure of the allotments’ owners (also the level of wages, needs and life aims), state policy (development concession, mortgages), trends. The symptoms of these processes are the range of migration (visible in the number of permanent residence registrations) and intensity of area development (land and real property prices, number of building development permissions, number and types of functioning business activities). It was proved that the town with tourist functions is an attractive place for permanent residence and centre of journey to work, but also intensive building development is noticed there. This means that suburban holiday areas in Łódź are equal to the most attractive regions in Poland and around the world77. The aims of the work that were accomplished – besides verification of research hypotheses and determination of specific urban features in tourist-holiday zones – were also to define and describe stages of development of those processes in towns near Łódź. Based upon the author’s own researches and the subject literature, there was proposed an author’s model (scheme) of the cycle of development and urbanization processes transformation in holiday settlement of Łódź fringe zones. It considered six separate stages that were thoroughly described. Moreover, taking into account 10 variables, there was classification and typology of research towns made according to the level of advancement of urbanization processes and presented potential directions of transformation of separate types. There were also specified the criteria for defining stages of urbanization of tourist destination suburban zones and verified universally applied gauges of urbanization. They allowed, among other things, to determine the character, structure, dynamics, relationships and scale of urbanization processes functioning in tourist-holiday zones of Łódź fringe zones. Methods applied, such as K. Dois’s defining of leading elements in the structure or Ward’s hierarchic classification, appeared to be very useful in the research. Diverse demographic, economic, spatial an cultural gauges indicated that analyzed towns, which so far have functioned as tourist-holiday destinations, have features typical of towns, proving the urbanization of these areas.

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Przegląd Socjologiczny

Przegląd Socjologiczny

Frequency: 4 issues / Country: Poland

„Pragniemy (...) zamanifestować, że pismo nie ma wyrażać poglądów jakiegoś »kierunku« czy »szkoły«, lecz reprezentować polski ruch socjologiczny w ogóle.” /Florian Znaniecki w liście do Ludwika Krzywickiego, w związku z przygotowaniem I tomu „Przeglądu Socjologicznego”. październik, 1929 r./ „Przegląd Socjologiczny” jest najstarszym czasopismem socjologicznym w Polsce. Został założony przez Floriana Znanieckiego, klasyka socjologii polskiej i światowej, w roku 1930. Ukazuje się jako kwartalnik. Od kilkunastu lat poszczególne zeszyty „Przeglądu Socjologicznego” poświęcane są w większości wybranym zagadnieniom socjologicznym. Ponadto publikowane są zeszyty będące wyborem artykułów nadsyłanych do redakcji. Jeden zeszyt w roku jest anglojęzyczny z udziałem autorów zagranicznych. Publikowane są wyłącznie teksty oryginalne, wszystkie artykuły są oceniane przez recenzentów zewnętrznych.

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Rozprawy Komisji Językowej

Rozprawy Komisji Językowej

Frequency: 1 issues / Country: Poland

Zamieszczane w Rozprawach Komisji Językowej artykuły podejmują tematykę z wielu dziedzin lingwistycznych, prezentujących różną metodologię badawczą. Publikowane rozprawy i artykuły mają charakter teoretyczno-metodologiczny i materiałowy. Obok prac polonistycznych w Rozprawach... ukazują się prace slawistyczne i komparatywne z odniesieniem do stanu indoeuropejskiego, autorstwa głównie językoznawców łódzkich, ale także pozałódzkich i zagranicznych – przedstawicieli wszystkich pokoleń.

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Rzeczownikowe derywaty sufiksalne w gwarach północnomałopolskich i małopolsko-mazowiecko-wielkopolskiego pogranicza
15.00 €

Rzeczownikowe derywaty sufiksalne w gwarach północnomałopolskich i małopolsko-mazowiecko-wielkopolskiego pogranicza

Author(s): Beata Gala-Milczarek / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2014

The book’s title and its methodology encourage its outcomes’ reference to, and comparison with, the results of the word-formative descriptions of general, historical, or dialectal Polish. The publication has been designed as a two-volume monograph. Part one aims at interpreting and systematizing the derivatives according to the following criteria: morphological, i.e. derivational markers within a type family, grammatical, i.e. word classes as derivational bases, and functional, i.e. word-formative and semantic categories. The taxonomy of the categories results from a paradigmatic regularity, i.e. the relations between the derivational markers, the grammatical nature of the bases, and the word-formative meaning. Of prime importance to this publication are the categories characterized by a paradigmatic regularity, cf. the deverbal nomina actionis, resultativa, agentis, desubstantive nomina deminutiva, augmentativa, professionalia, deadjectival nomina essendi, attributive, etc. The desubstantive derivatives also include the structural, tautological derivatives. The final component of the systematizing schema is the suffixal structures of no word-formative and semantic function, treated separately because of the quasi-morphological factor. With the adopted taxonomy, it was possible to highlight the derivational center, the grammatical nature of derivation, and the dynamics of deviating from the paradigm toward the peripheries with a more prominent role of the lexical factor. The monograph is based on Słownictwo ludowe z terenu byłych województw kieleckiego i łódzkiego, complemented with the data from Atlas gwarowy województwa kieleckiego. The horizontal frames between the rivers Vistula, Bzura, and Warta, as well as the geographical-linguistic criterion, sanction the adoption of the term of “the dialects of northern Lesser Poland, and of the Lesser Poland, Masovia, and Greater Poland borderland.” The lexis’s chronological caesura defined through the time of its collection, i.e. the land exploration of the second part of the 20th century and the age of the informants, born in the 19th century, points to its historical character. As regards the genetically diverse vocabulary performing different semantic functions and spread out chronologically, the inchronic method has been used, which does not decidedly discriminate between diachrony and synchrony. Inchrony does not depart from chronology seen as a historical phenomenon of placing derivatives in the past. It refers to the lucidity of the formation based on the detectability of direct relations – which stimulate categorical meanings – between derivatives and base vocabulary. Penetrating the depth of the chronological structure of derivatives is justified by their dialectal functionality, and often leads to unveiling the primary derivational act, the etymone. It serves the evaluation – from the perspective of the current function – of many semantic relations decided historically.

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Sejm Wielki (1788-1792). Studium z dziejów łagodnej rewolucji
7.00 €

Sejm Wielki (1788-1792). Studium z dziejów łagodnej rewolucji

Author(s): Wojciech Szczygielski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2015

This study is an attempt to look at the debates of the Great Seym from the angle of a mild revolution understood as a social movement dominated by an enormous increase in the political activity of the landed gentry.The landed gentry aimed at gaining full sovereignty of the Commonwealth and carrying out indispensible reforms of the state based on the democracy of the gentry liberated from magnates’ domination. Thanks to the formation of the Seym confederation and the transformation of the Seym into a permanent governing Seym the landed gentry became the real sovereign of the Commonwealth. The landed gentry became a political subject deciding together with the Puławy Party and the King on the future of the Seym and the State. In the first stage of the Seym debates the landed gentry cooperating with the Puławy Party, who represented a pro-Prussian orientation and radically republican programme of reforms , liberated Poland from Russian dependence through political methods and made it possible to introduce the first reforms. The landed gentry perceived these reforms as the foundations of a new model of the state based on the principles of the revived democracy of the gentry. Meanwhile in 1790, there was a political breakthrough in the debates of the Great Seym. It was marked by a crisis of social trust in the Potocki family, the gentry’s support for the king, taking over the initiative to draft the constitution by Stanisław August. From the very beginning of 1790 the Potocki family were more and more often accused of oligarchic tendencies and an attempt to seize the control over the country for their own benefit. On the other hand, the fact that Stanisław August entered into the Polish-Prussian alliance (March 1790) made the king more and more popular both in the Seym and in the provinces. The king, having definitely rejected the pro-Russian orientation, started to be perceived by the landed gentry as a much more reliable advocate for the democracy of the gentry than the Puławy party. The gentry’s support for the king in a natural way made them accept – to a greater or lesser extent – the constitutional programme of Stanisław August. A special role in the breakthrough mentioned above and in taking over the constitutional initiative by the king was played by the elite of the gentry who wanted to shape the Commonwealth following the model of the leading free states of the contemporary world. It is this elite of the gentry who by starting to cooperate with the King on the basis of a programme that was close both to Stanisław August and the gentry elite and by convincing a broader group of deputies to accept these reformatory ideas made it possible to realize the royal constitutional project and to adopt the 3rd of May Constitution. The anti-senator and anti-magnate tendencies strongly emphasized from the very beginning of the Seym debates as well as doubling the number of the deputies (from the end of 1790) enabled to implement reforms based on the revived democracy of the gentry with a special role being played by an unlimited sovereignty of the Seym, as a consequence of which the political system of the state was close to a “seymocracy”. Owing to these reforms the landed gentry gained a pre-eminent political position in the Commonwealth both in the local diets and in the Seym. Thanks to the determination of the elite of the landed gentry interested in a peculiarly perceived Europeanization of the Commonwealth it became possible to combine the revived democracy of the gentry (still understood quite traditionally) with a number of contemporary international standards. Consequently, the democracy of the gentry gained a modern character. As a result, the mild revolution became a social movement coinciding with the constitutional programme of the king. The reform introduced was based on the democracy of the gentry in its Enlightenment shape; a model of a state that had the characteristics of a constitutional parliamentary monarchy was formed.

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Selected Medieval and Religious Themes in the Works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien
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Selected Medieval and Religious Themes in the Works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien

Author(s): Andrzej Wicher / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2013

It is perhaps trivial to say that the personalities and works of J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis evoke rather extreme feelings in audiences. Sometimes these emotions are those of deep admiration and fascination, and sometimes, though much less often, those of disgust or even contempt. It is, however, easy to see that sometimes they hardly incite any feelings at all because it certainly is not true that one must feel strongly about these two famous and popular, but hardly “canonical” English writers, who happened to be friends and to have shared much of their life experiences together. As writers, they both can be described as providers of niche products, interesting for fantasy literature buffs and, particularly in the case of C. S. Lewis, for Christians, particularly committed Christians. The latter once were a majority of the Western consumers of culture, but, already in the days of Tolkien and Lewis, they became, at least in Britain and in many other places in the West, something of an embattled minority. At that time, the majority of the population consisted of people with hardly any religion, or of lukewarm Christians. If we try to ask ourselves why Tolkien and Lewis are, occasionally, so much disliked and shunned, we might end up with some rather obvious answers. They certainly are seen as profoundly old-fashioned, or even reactionary, since they hardly belong to the epoch of the 20th century Modernism (or Post-Modernism) with which they seem to be associated purely by a chronological coincidence. Indeed both yearned for rather distant epochs, and heartily disliked the modern industrial and technological civilisation...

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Słownik badaczy literatury polskiej. Tom 10
8.00 €

Słownik badaczy literatury polskiej. Tom 10

Author(s): Jerzy Starnawski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2009

Słownik badaczy literatury polskiej wydawany tzw. metodą holenderską (od A do Z w miarę napływania haseł) doszedł do dziesiątego tomu. Równocześnie wydaje się indeks haseł i autorów opracowujących je w tomach VI–X; analogiczny indeks do tomów I–V został wydany z tomem V. Tom X ukazuje się w 15 lat po pierwszym (1994). Po pewnym nabraniu wprawy szereg tomów ukazało się rytmicznie rok po roku. Jednak w 2008 r. nie wyszedł tom X, wykończenie go wymagało jeszcze nieco czasu. Przede wszystkim w latach ostatnich odeszło szereg osób bezwzględnie zasługujących na biogram. Zmarli w r. 2007 Maria Cytowska, Janusz Dunin-Horkawicz, Jerzy Pietrkiewicz nie otrzymali biogramów w tomie IX (2007), który był już gotowy przed dzienną datą ich śmierci. W r. 2008 odeszli: Krystyna Bednarska-Ruszajowa, Zbigniew Goliński, Mieczysław Klimowicz, Stanisław Makowski, Jerzy Poradecki, Wojciech Rzepka. Na początku r.b. zmarł Jan Błoński. Istniały też „zaległości”. Z różnych powodów, czy to z braku wiadomości o śmierci, czy ze względu na brak osoby, która podjęłaby się napisania biogramu lub też, podjąwszy się, nie wykonała zamówienia, nie otrzymali w poprzednich tomach biogramów: Ryszard Ergetowski, Zbigniew Folejewski, Jerzy Kwiatkowski, Konstanty Puzyna, Olga Scherer- -Virski, Janusz Stradecki, Maria Strzałkowa, Marian Tatara, Zofia Wołoszyńska. Lista z pewnością niepełna, ale wielu biogramów potrzebnych nie udało się pozyskać. Od tomu I począwszy przestrzegano zasady, by nie włączać do Słownika największych. Hasła poświęcone im musiałyby w proporcji przyjętej w Słowniku… mieć po kilkadziesiąt stronic, w wypadku Aleksandra Brücknera może nawet trzeba byłoby przekroczyć setkę. A przecież literatura przedmiotu o największych w naszej nauce istnieje. Były i są sytuacje „graniczne”, powodujące wątpliwość, czy dana osoba kwalifikuje się jeszcze do biogramu w Słowniku… czy jest już zbyt wielka. Decyzję w takich wypadkach starano się uzależnić od istniejącej literatury przedmiotu, jaka uczonemu została poświecona. Z tego względu już w I tomie znalazł się biogram Stanisława Adamczewskiego, który w danym czasie nie miał prawie żadnej bibliografii przedmiotowej. W tomie IX zdecydowano się pomieścić biogram Tadeusza Makowieckeigo, któremu wprawdzie bezpośrednio po śmierci oddano suum cuique, nawet zbiorową książką, ale który, ze względu na to, że opublikował stosunkowo niewiele, znany jest dziś, przeszło po pół wieku od śmierci, wąskiemu gronu historyków literatury. A pomiędzy Adamczewskim i Makowieckim wprowadzono biogramy: Marii Dłuskiej (II), która była pierwszą osobą w wersyfikacji polskiej, ale poza tym wkraczała raczej w językoznawstwo niż w naukę o literaturze; Karola Badeckiego (III), prawdziwego odkrywcy i nieprześcignionego znawcy nurtu sowiźrzalskiego w literaturze staropolskiej; Edmunda Jankowskiego (III), który badania nad życiem i twórczością Orzeszkowej posunął znakomicie naprzód; Władysława Floryana (IV), komparatysty i edytora; Zdzisława Libery (IV), badacza oświecenia i romantyzmu, polonisty niezwykle aktywnego społecznie; Zbigniewa Raszewskiego (VII), najznakomitszego w swoim czasie teatrologa; Jarosława Maciejewskiego i Zbigniewa Jerzego Nowaka (VIII), którzy przez skromność nie mieli za życia takiego znaczenia, na jakie zasługiwali. To są przykłady badaczy, włączonych do Słownika… mimo iż działalność ich nie była przeciętna. Zdecydowano się w tomie X przypomnieć biogramami niektórych wybitnych pracowników na naszej niwie, o których, mimo nieprzeciętnych osiągnięć, nie pamięta się już i nie traktuje jako gwiazdy pierwszej wielkości. Otrzymali biogramy: Ludwik Bernacki, Henryk Biegeleisen, Stanisław Cywiński, Jan Czubek, Ryszard Gansiniec, Artur Górski, Bronisław Gubrynowicz, Józef Kallenbach, Jan Karłowicz, Stanisław Ptaszycki, Stefan Srebrny, Zofia Szmydtowa, Józef Tretiak, Marian Zdziechowski. W tomach I–IX nie wprowadzano biogramów osób, co do których nie udało się ustalić przynajmniej rocznych dat urodzenia i śmierci. W tomie X jako ostatnim przełamano w pewnych wypadkach tę zasadę, by utrwalić badaczy literatury polskiej, których nazwiska nie powinny być całkowicie zapomniane. Tom X traktuje redaktor jako ostatni, gdyż w wieku 87 lat nie można podejmować się dalszych. Zamykając tom, może jedynie redaktor powiedzieć o sobie: Feci quod potui. Podziękować należy tym wszystkim, którzy w tym tomie z redaktorem współpracowali. Ich liczba przekracza dwudziestkę, co się nie w każdym tomie zdarzało. Są to (pomijając tytuły naukowe): Krzysztof Biliński, Maria Bokszczanin, Józef Budzyński, Janusz Degler, Karolina Grodziska, Lidia Ignaczakówna, Zefiryn Jędrzyński, Paweł Kaczyński, Irena Kamińska-Szmaj, Małgorzata Krakowiak, Evelina Kristanova, Irena Kujawska, Andrzej Linert, Przemysława Matuszewska, Barbara Marzęcka, Julian Maślanka, Jolanta Migdał, Barbara Milewska-Ważbińska, Lucylla Pszczołowska, Monika Sulejewiczówna, Agata Szendzikowska, Eligiusz Szymanis, Dobrosława Świerczyńska, Hanna Tadeusiewicz, Marian Zaczyński, Roman Maria Zawadzki, Paweł Zybała. Niektóre osoby wymienione brały udział w poprzednich tomach; są i takie, które w oddawanym do rąk czytelników wystąpiły po raz pierwszy. Recenzentem wydawniczym wszystkich dziesięciu tomów był prof. Henryk Markiewicz. Każdy tom poprawiał redaktor według jego wskazówek, wprowadzał należne uzupełnienia. Za trud tyloletni należy się Recenzentowi tak kompetentnemu szczególna wdzięczność, tym bardziej, że Słownik…, nie budził powszechnego zainteresowania polonistów, może ze względu na obfitość prac ukazujących się na rynku, powodujących rozstrzelenie się zainteresowań poszczególnych historyków literatury. Redaktor będzie zadowolony, jeśli ktoś po nim podejmie kontynuację przedsięwzięcia; posłuży wskazówkami i przekazaniem pomysłów niezrealizowanych.

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Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Poland

„Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne” są jednym z nielicznych w kraju wydawnictw ciągłych, koncentrujących uwagę na problematyce wspólnej dla środowisk ekonomicznych i prawniczych. Na ich łamach wypowiadają się wybitni krajowi przedstawiciele nauk ekonomicznych i prawniczych (blisko 80 profesorów i doktorów habilitowanych), a ponadto debiutujący, utalentowani młodzi pracownicy nauki z terenu całego kraju, są więc wydawnictwem par excellence naukowym. Zasięg oddziaływania czasopisma jest zdecydowanie ponadregionalny. Docierają one nie tylko do środowisk naukowych w całym kraju, ale i do przedstawicieli praktyki, zarówno gospodarczej, jak i obejmującej radców prawnych oraz sądownictwo. Świadczy o tym ogólne zainteresowanie wydawnictwem oraz pozyskiwanie przez Redakcję coraz to nowych autorów, chętnych do publikacji swoich artykułów. W ostatnich latach „Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne” goszczą na swoich łamach osoby rozpoczynające swoją karierę zawodową w innych ośrodkach akademickich. Są także jedną z ważniejszych pozycji wymiany międzybibliotecznej.

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Studia Wyborcze

Studia Wyborcze

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Poland

Ukazujący się od 2006 roku półrocznik „Studia Wyborcze” stanowi interdyscyplinarne forum wymiany wiedzy i poglądów w zakresie szeroko pojętej tematyki wyborczej: na jego łamach publikują prawnicy, socjologowie oraz politolodzy i jako takie jest unikalne na polskim rynku wydawniczym. Teksty ukazujące się w „Studiach Wyborczych” stanowią źródło wiedzy o prawie wyborczym, systemach wyborczych i praktycznych aspektach funkcjonowania określonych rozwiązań w Polsce i na świecie. Czasopismo to stanowi także forum wymiany myśli i poglądów na temat obowiązujących i postulowanych rozwiązań, adresowane nie tylko dla osób zajmujących się naukowo zagadnieniami wyborczymi, ale i także dla tych, którzy zgłaszają postulaty zmian w zakresie rozwiązań prawa wyborczego, obowiązującego w Polsce. W „Studiach Wyborczych” publikują nie tylko autorzy rodzimi, ale znaczna część tekstów nadsyłana jest przez autorów z innych państw. Taka perspektywa pozwala czytelnikowi spojrzeć na rozwiązania polskie i dyskusję, jaka toczy się na temat prawa wyborczego i wyborów wśród polskich przedstawicieli nauki, polityków i dziennikarzy z dystansem

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