INTELIGENȚA ARTIFICIALĂ ÎN COMBATEREA TERORISMULUI: ECHILIBRUL ÎNTRE EFICIENȚĂ, SECURITATE ȘI DREPTURILE FUNDAMENTALE
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN COUNTERTERRORISM: BALANCING EFFICIENCY, SECURITY, AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

Author(s): Vitia Mereanu
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Security and defense, Military policy, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Published by: Editura Universităţii Vasile Goldiş
Keywords: artificial intelligence; counterterrorism; deepfakes; digital surveillance; algorithmic discrimination; technological governance; international cooperation; ethics and accountability
Summary/Abstract: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into global counterterrorism strategies is reshaping the foundations of international security, creating both significant operational opportunities and complex legal, ethical, and technological challenges. In the context of intensifying technological competition among major powers, AI has become a crucial instrument for detecting, preventing, and neutralizing terrorist threats. This study examines the advanced applications of AI, from large language models (LLMs) to multisource data analysis and visual recognition, while also addressing the ways in which terrorist organizations exploit these technologies for operational purposes. The E.C.R.A.S. model (Exploration, Capture, Refinement, Alliance, Systematization) illustrates the technological adaptation process of violent non-state actors and the competitive dynamics between them and state entities. The findings underscore the urgent need to strengthen legal and ethical frameworks, promote the adoption of explainable AI (XAI), ensure algorithmic transparency, and enhance institutional accountability. Furthermore, international cooperation, regulatory harmonization, and the development of a responsible organizational culture emerge as key pillars of sustainable governance in counterterrorism. Ultimately, achieving a balance between technological innovation, operational effectiveness, and the protection of fundamental rights constitutes a vital prerequisite for the successful and ethical integration of AI into global counterterrorism efforts.

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