RACISM AND XENOPHOBIA IN LANGUAGE
RACISM AND XENOPHOBIA IN LANGUAGE

Author(s): Ranko Bugarski
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Social psychology and group interaction, Inter-Ethnic Relations
Published by: Foruma za etničke odnose
Keywords: Racism; Xenophobia; Purism; Implicit Bias
Summary/Abstract: Depending on the uses or misuses it is put to, language can both shape and express the whole gamut of ideologies, political positions and collective sentiments, including such destructive ones as ethnonationalism, chauvinism, racism and xenophobia. The last two, which are the sole concern of this paper, stand out in that they can most clearly take on two essential forms - the overt or explicit, and the covert or implicit. The former is unashamedly aggressive, easy to identify and to that extent more conducive to argument and opposition. The latter, by contrast, tends to be elusive, frequently hard to notice and hence in the long run perhaps even more damaging. To take up racism first, it is well known that certain racial, ethnic or national groups, as well as all kinds of minorities, have long constituted its principal targets.

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