Interkulturalnost versus rasizam i ksenofobija
INTERCULTURALITY VERSUS RACISM AND XENOPHOBIA
Contributor(s): Božidar Jakšić (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, History, Philosophy, Social Sciences
Published by: Foruma za etničke odnose
- Print-ISBN-10: 86-7093-079-X
- Page Count: 456
- Publication Year: 1998
- Language: English, Serbian
U IME KULTURE
U IME KULTURE
(IN THE NAME OF CULTURE)
- Author(s):Ivan Čolović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Anthropology
- Page Range:25-31
- No. of Pages:7
RACISM AND XENOPHOBIA IN LANGUAGE
RACISM AND XENOPHOBIA IN LANGUAGE
(RACISM AND XENOPHOBIA IN LANGUAGE)
- Author(s):Ranko Bugarski
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social psychology and group interaction, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:33-38
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Racism; Xenophobia; Purism; Implicit Bias
- Summary/Abstract:Depending on the uses or misuses it is put to, language can both shape and express the whole gamut of ideologies, political positions and collective sentiments, including such destructive ones as ethnonationalism, chauvinism, racism and xenophobia. The last two, which are the sole concern of this paper, stand out in that they can most clearly take on two essential forms - the overt or explicit, and the covert or implicit. The former is unashamedly aggressive, easy to identify and to that extent more conducive to argument and opposition. The latter, by contrast, tends to be elusive, frequently hard to notice and hence in the long run perhaps even more damaging. To take up racism first, it is well known that certain racial, ethnic or national groups, as well as all kinds of minorities, have long constituted its principal targets.
TUĐICE I TUĐINCI
TUĐICE I TUĐINCI
(FOREIGN WORDS AND FOREIGN MEN)
- Author(s):Dubravko Škiljan
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Philology
- Page Range:39-56
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Linguistic Purism; Ideology ; Manipulation
- Summary/Abstract:Linguistic purism is often considered as an ideologically conditioned expression of nationalistic and xenophobic politics, but its causes, its forms and its consequences merit to be more deeply analyzed from linguistic point of view. Such an analysis, focused on foreign or loan words, as they arc an usual object of puristic (language cleansing), could demonstrate that there is no univocal linguistic criterion to separate loan words from original linguistic units. (Language cleansing) is performed under the motto {Our language is in danger from alien elements), but in fact it is a question of real or induced jeopardy of linguistic communities. If the bearers of linguistic policy, according to general goals of dominant ideology, induce the fear for language in the form of the fear of foreign elements, because of ambiguities of linguistic criteria, they have an open field for manipulations, so that they can produce not only foreign words (regardless to their real etymological status) but also foreigners (as the speakers of those pretended loan words).
INTERKULTURNO OPŠTENJE IZMEĐU RAČUNA I UŽIVLJAVANJA
INTERKULTURNO OPŠTENJE IZMEĐU RAČUNA I UŽIVLJAVANJA
(INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN INTEREST AND EMPATHY)
- Author(s):Ljubiša Rajić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Philology
- Page Range:57-70
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Linguistic Purism; Loanwords; Ideology; Manipulation; Xenophobia
- Summary/Abstract:We must communicate with others no matter what we feel about them: racism, xenophobia, indifference, sympathy, empathy. Intercultural communication is one of those modem fields of research with extraordinary investments of money when we compare them with more traditional fields. This research shows a broad spectrum of attitudes from covert racism via indifferent commercial interest to sincere empathy. The reasons for this research are numerous, but the most important economic and political. Because of that the main attitude is indifferent calculated behavior, and there exists a real danger of development in the direction of covert racism, instead of empathy as a means of better understanding.
BESPUĆA MANDARINSKE KULTURE
BESPUĆA MANDARINSKE KULTURE
(THE IMPASSES OF MANDARIN CULTURE)
- Author(s):Igor Marković
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:71-76
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Xenophobia; racism; national identity; intellectual elites; multiculturalism
- Summary/Abstract:In this paper xenophobia and racism arc thematized from the angle of the collective authoring group Intellectual Cooperative Bastard from Zagreb. Racism and xenophobia, as well as nationalism, have their grounds at the cultural level; political elites legitimate themselves through culture, while the bearers of the idea of nation-states arc intellectuals. The intellectual elite in Croatia, for example, has proclaimed itself to be the „guardian of the past“ and the national identity. In order to retain their mandarin-like position they have identified the interests of the nation with the interests of the „society”. The idea of multiculturality, just like the idea of parliamentary democracy, however, means that there is no agency which a priori possesses the truth of the social interest. This situation may become prevalent only if the intellectual takes on the role of a renegade, a bastard, an observer from the periphery, since from the center itself - the center cannot be seen. The author holds that ready-made, „tailored” identities - particularly national ones - should be avoided and rejected as a troublesome burden of a traumatic past.
CRISIS OF ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE SCARE OF DIFFERENCE
CRISIS OF ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE SCARE OF DIFFERENCE
(CRISIS OF ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE SCARE OF DIFFERENCE)
- Author(s):Lev Kreft
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:77-92
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Intellectual Responsibility; Extremism; Tradition; Xenophobia; Anti-Semitism
- Summary/Abstract:Since the beginning of the crisis in what is now the former Yugoslavian area, sc has been talking about the failed role of intellectuals, as well as their (co)responsibility for the resulting situation. As a contribution to the discussion, I explain the following assumptions: 1. Twentieth-century intellectuals are infected with "guilt of conscience". 2. Contemporary extremisms start from their traditional foundations, but they find a rational foundation in the results of enlightened criticism of education. 3. Contemporary extremisms claim that differences are universal, insurmountable and indestructible, and that is why they must not come into contact with each other. 4. Those who implemented the construction of the idea of progress and the idea of universal humanity are not the cause of contemporary extremism. 5. In Slovenia, tradition offers fertile ground for the creation of modern extremism. A certain type of extremism gives something like the air we breathe, as evidenced by at least two characteristics: traditional anti-Semitism that persisted despite the absence of Jews, and modern chauvinism and xenophobia as the first expressions of social self-awareness among the generation in the period of socialization.
INTERKULTURALNOST, INTRAKULTURALNOSTI MEĐUNARODNO KOMUNICIRANJE
INTERKULTURALNOST, INTRAKULTURALNOSTI MEĐUNARODNO KOMUNICIRANJE
(INTERCULTURALITY, INTRACULTURALITY AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION)
- Author(s):Branimir Stojković
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:93-108
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Intercultural Communication; Xenophobia; Stereotypes; Otherness; Transaction
- Summary/Abstract:In the introductory part of this paper a concept and main features of intercultural and intracultural arc explained as basic forms of human (individual, group and societal) communication. The paper also examines meanings of other and xenism as prerequisites and/or obstacles to relationship among humans in different world cultures. It points to process of stereotype making as vehicle of xenophobia and racism among different cultures. Finally, the paper uses concept of transaction to denotes an active form of communication and elaborates a scope of international communication as case in point of intercultural communication .
IZABRANI NARODI - STRAH I SAMOĆA
IZABRANI NARODI - STRAH I SAMOĆA
(CHOSEN PEOPLES - FEAR AND SOLITUDE)
- Author(s):Branka Prpa
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:109-115
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:nationalism; chauvinism; humanism; identity; ethnic cleansing
- Summary/Abstract:Nation, as a new kind of religion in modem Europe, actualized some old, almost archetypal, perceptions of human communities. At stake is the idea of particularity, or, more to the point, of „being a chosen people", which resulted in racist and chauvinistic conceptions as the starting points of nationalistic ideological systems. In other words, almost every European nation became a community worthy of adoration which can inspire the deepest loyalty and readiness for the most selfless sacrifice among its members. The universal conception of human beings and their world as a proclaimed and accepted humanist ideal, was allowed to become its own parody -- xenophobic, narrow minded, racist and chauvinistic praxis. In the process of constant questioning of identities in the tradition of universal ideals of humanism, and in the tradition of archetypal, irrational, atavistic founding of communities, Yugoslav peoples found there place in nineteen and twentieth century. Most of all, Serbs and Croats, which entered the Yugoslav community as two strongest integral parts. It is shown in the experience of both Yugoslavia, that the idea of superiority and the consequent idea of hegemony rights, quickly and easily turned into chauvinistic and nihilistic ideology of destruction. The claim that life side by side was impossible for different Yugoslav nations was confirmed in the experiences of the Second World War, an it was reiterated in the praxis of ethnic cleansing as a state building concept on the ruins of Yugoslavia.
NEIGHBOUR AND FELLOW-CITIZEN
NEIGHBOUR AND FELLOW-CITIZEN
(NEIGHBOUR AND FELLOW-CITIZEN)
- Author(s):Dragan Žunić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:117-125
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:multicultural; Serbia; literary heritage
- Summary/Abstract:In this paper, some traditional models of common life are examined multicultural soil of Serbia: (a) the possibility of intercultural neighborliness, b) assimilation and emigration as variants of the impossibility of intercultural co-citizenship. From that perspective, the author examines the relationship between multiculturalism and "barbarism". All the above-mentioned topos were found in the Serbian literary heritage, and reconstructed with the appropriate hermeneutic procedure.
THE AGE OF INNOCENCE
THE AGE OF INNOCENCE
(THE AGE OF INNOCENCE)
- Author(s):Aleksandar Bošković
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, History, Social Sciences
- Page Range:127-138
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:racism; xenophobia; colonialism; modernity; nationalism
- Summary/Abstract:Whether one likes it or not, racism and xenophobia are an integral part of our world. Through the „mainstream" right-wing political parties they have established themselves as more or less legitimate ways of articulating different political interests. As a matter of fact, the French National Front has recently won at the municipal level at 30 cities and towns, including Toulon and Orange. I wish to argue in this paper that to simply dismiss racism and xenophobia from a liberal (or social-democrat, or just left-wing) perspective is both wrong and counterproductive.
CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES
CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES
(CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES)
- Author(s):Max Gilbert
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences
- Page Range:141-148
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Confidence-Building Measures; Council of Europe; Minority Integration; ; Civil Society Engagement; Bilingual Television Project
- Summary/Abstract:The October 1993 Vienna Summit of Heads of State and Government of the member States of the Council of Europe laid down a mandate for the Council of Europe concerning the protection of national minorities. The various measures envisaged were essentially of two kinds. The first category of measures were the definition of legal norms and standards. The opening for signature of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, together with the encouraging number of member States which signed immediately, testifies to the significant progress already made in carrying out this part of the Vienna Summit’s mandate.
GRANICE APSORPCIJSKE MOĆI?
GRANICE APSORPCIJSKE MOĆI?
(THE LIMITS OF THE POWER OF ABSORPTION)
- Author(s):Mirko Vid Mlakar
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences
- Page Range:149-156
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Xenophobia; Immigration; Western Europe; Racism; social integration
MACRO-POLITICAL AND MICRO-SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MULTICULTURALISM
MACRO-POLITICAL AND MICRO-SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MULTICULTURALISM
(MACRO-POLITICAL AND MICRO-SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MULTICULTURALISM)
- Author(s):John Rex
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences
- Page Range:157-169
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Multiculturalism ; Nationalism ; Integration ; Segregation
- Summary/Abstract:My aim in this paper is to look at Western European, and particularly British, experience in dealing with problems of multinationality, and multi-culturalism as a policy for dealing with immigrant groups. I want to look at this problem, first, on a macro-political level and then at the micro-social level of the urban neighbourhood. I will argue that an apparent solution of such problems at the micro-level will only be apparent if it is not set within the context of macro-political policies of multi-culturalism.
КРИЗИС ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ И ФАШИЗМ
КРИЗИС ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ И ФАШИЗМ
(CRISIS OF THE STATEHOOD AND A NEW FACSISM)
- Author(s):Veniamin Iofe
- Language:Russian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Globalization
- Page Range:171-177
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Crisis of Statehood; Globalization; Political Consciousness; Fascism; Anti-Fascism; Human Responsibility
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CONCEPTIONS AND INSTITUTIONS
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CONCEPTIONS AND INSTITUTIONS
(NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CONCEPTIONS AND INSTITUTIONS)
- Author(s):Svetozar Stojanović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences
- Page Range:179-188
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Totalitarianism ; Apocalypse ; Globalization ; Humanity ; Realpolitik ; Moralpolitik
MINORITY COUNCILS AND THEIR PROBLEMS IN BUDAPEST
MINORITY COUNCILS AND THEIR PROBLEMS IN BUDAPEST
(MINORITY COUNCILS AND THEIR PROBLEMS IN BUDAPEST)
- Author(s):Istvan Poor
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:188-193
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Multiculturalism;Minority Councils; Romany (Roma) Integration; Interethnic Relations
LONGO MAI
LONGO MAI
(LONGO MAI)
- Author(s):Paul Braun, Beatrix Graf
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Micro-Economics, Sociology, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:195-202
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Longo mai; Self-management; Solidarity ; Alternative communities; European Civic Forum
- Summary/Abstract:Longo mai began in the early 1970s as a response to youth disillusionment with industrial society, evolving into a network of rural cooperatives across Europe focused on sustainable living, self-sufficiency, and solidarity. Over time, the movement launched social and political initiatives, including support for refugees, local radio, and international cooperation projects, notably in Eastern Europe and the former Yugoslavia. It aims to model a multicultural, cooperative society grounded in anti-racism, collective self-management, and resistance to competitive capitalism.
MULTICULTURAL STATE, NATIONALISM AND XENOPHOBIA
MULTICULTURAL STATE, NATIONALISM AND XENOPHOBIA
(MULTICULTURAL STATE, NATIONALISM AND XENOPHOBIA)
- Author(s):Raymond Getaz
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:203-210
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Multiculturalism; Federalism; Civic Rights; Xenophobia
ZUSAMMENLEBEN IN ÖSTERREICH
ZUSAMMENLEBEN IN ÖSTERREICH
(LIVING TOGETHER IN AUSTRIA)
- Author(s):Constance Warta
- Language:German
- Subject(s):Micro-Economics, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:211-218
- No. of Pages:8
ATTITUDES AND VALUES OF INTERCULTURALITY IN THE ROMANIAN YOUTH
ATTITUDES AND VALUES OF INTERCULTURALITY IN THE ROMANIAN YOUTH
(ATTITUDES AND VALUES OF INTERCULTURALITY IN THE ROMANIAN YOUTH)
- Author(s):Ana Bălaşa
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:219-226
- No. of Pages:8
INTERCULTURAL UNDERSTANDING IN ETHNICALLY MIXED SCHOOL
INTERCULTURAL UNDERSTANDING IN ETHNICALLY MIXED SCHOOL
(INTERCULTURAL UNDERSTANDING IN ETHNICALLY MIXED SCHOOL)
- Author(s):Anca Tomescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:227-232
- No. of Pages:6
THE FORCE OF PREJUDICE IN BALKAN HISTORIOGRAPHY A hypothesis on the Greek-Turkish mental entanglement
THE FORCE OF PREJUDICE IN BALKAN HISTORIOGRAPHY A hypothesis on the Greek-Turkish mental entanglement
(THE FORCE OF PREJUDICE IN BALKAN HISTORIOGRAPHY A hypothesis on the Greek-Turkish mental entanglement)
- Author(s):Stephanos Pesmazoglou
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, History, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:235-242
- No. of Pages:8
DISCRIMINATORY ATTITUDES
DISCRIMINATORY ATTITUDES
(DISCRIMINATORY ATTITUDES)
- Author(s):Petar-Emil Mitev
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:243-256
- No. of Pages:14
YOUTH, CRISIS AND XENOPHOBIC ATTITUDES
YOUTH, CRISIS AND XENOPHOBIC ATTITUDES
(YOUTH, CRISIS AND XENOPHOBIC ATTITUDES)
- Author(s):Lydia Yordanova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:257-262
- No. of Pages:6
KUĆA BEZ NAMĆORA Makedonska iskustva i paradoksi
KUĆA BEZ NAMĆORA Makedonska iskustva i paradoksi
(A HOUSE WITH NO GRUMBLERS: MACEDONIAN EXPERIENCES AND PARADOXES)
- Author(s):Risto Lazarov
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:263-270
- No. of Pages:8
МЕГУНАЦИОНАЛНИТЕ И МЕГУЕТНИЧКИТЕ ОДНОСИ ВО КРУШЕВО
МЕГУНАЦИОНАЛНИТЕ И МЕГУЕТНИЧКИТЕ ОДНОСИ ВО КРУШЕВО
(INTERNATIONAL AND INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN KRUSHEVO)
- Author(s):Ivan Andreski
- Language:Macedonian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:271-278
- No. of Pages:8
RASIZAM I KSENOFOBIJA U FUNKCIJI RATA NA PROSTORU BIVŠE JUGOSLAVIJE
RASIZAM I KSENOFOBIJA U FUNKCIJI RATA NA PROSTORU BIVŠE JUGOSLAVIJE
(RACISM AND XENOPHOBIA IN THE FUNCTION OF WAR)
- Author(s):Pero Jurišin
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Wars in Jugoslavia
- Page Range:279-286
- No. of Pages:8
CAN XENOPHOBIA AND RACISM BE OVERCOME BY CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES PROJECTS?
CAN XENOPHOBIA AND RACISM BE OVERCOME BY CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES PROJECTS?
(CAN XENOPHOBIA AND RACISM BE OVERCOME BY CONFIDENCE-BUILDING MEASURES PROJECTS?)
- Author(s):Helga Tiffinger
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:287-294
- No. of Pages:8
„THE GREAT SCHISM“: THE YUGOSLAV CASE
„THE GREAT SCHISM“: THE YUGOSLAV CASE
(„THE GREAT SCHISM“: THE YUGOSLAV CASE)
- Author(s):Milan Podunavac
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:295-302
- No. of Pages:8
MEDIA AND XENOPHOBIA: NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE FR YUGOSLAV PRESS
MEDIA AND XENOPHOBIA: NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE FR YUGOSLAV PRESS
(MEDIA AND XENOPHOBIA: NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE FR YUGOSLAV PRESS)
- Author(s):Jovan Teokarević
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:303-313
- No. of Pages:11
INFORMATIVNE MREŽE I SRPSKO PITANJE
INFORMATIVNE MREŽE I SRPSKO PITANJE
(AN INFORMATION NETWORK AND SERBIAN ISSUE)
- Author(s):Dubravka Valić Nedeljković
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences
- Page Range:315-325
- No. of Pages:11
ULOGA INTERKULTURNE KOMUNIKACIJE
ULOGA INTERKULTURNE KOMUNIKACIJE
(THE ROLE OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION)
- Author(s):Mirjana Kristović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences
- Page Range:327-334
- No. of Pages:8
INTERKULTURALNOST VERSUS GETOIZACIJA I DISKRIMINACIJA: SLUČAJ ROMA
INTERKULTURALNOST VERSUS GETOIZACIJA I DISKRIMINACIJA: SLUČAJ ROMA
(INTERCULTURALITY VERSUS GHETTOISATION AND DISCRIMINATION: THE PROBLEM OF GYPSIES)
- Author(s):Dragoljub B. Đorđević
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:335-342
- No. of Pages:8
ZOV ISTRAGE
ZOV ISTRAGE
(THE CALL OF EXTERMINATION)
- Author(s):Safet Bandžović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:343-364
- No. of Pages:22
PRAVO NA PRAVDU
PRAVO NA PRAVDU
(RIGHT TO JUSTICE)
- Author(s):Semiha Kačar
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Wars in Jugoslavia
- Page Range:365-384
- No. of Pages:20
KAKO PREPOZNATI „ĐAVOLJE POMOĆNIKE"? - vojvođanska interkulturalna iskustva i dileme
KAKO PREPOZNATI „ĐAVOLJE POMOĆNIKE"? - vojvođanska interkulturalna iskustva i dileme
(HOW TO RECOGNIZE „DEVIL’S ASSISTANTS' - Intercultural Experiences and dilemmas in Vojvodina)
- Author(s):Jovan Komšić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:385-399
- No. of Pages:15
ŠKOLA MIRA U MRKOPLJU - od čega je sve građena -
ŠKOLA MIRA U MRKOPLJU - od čega je sve građena -
(THE SCHOOL OF PEACE IN MRKOPALJ)
- Author(s):Franjo Starčević
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Wars in Jugoslavia
- Page Range:401-410
- No. of Pages:10
ANTIDEMOKRATSKI SETOVI ADVOKATI
ANTIDEMOKRATSKI SETOVI ADVOKATI
(ANTIDEMOCRATIC SET’S ADVOCATES)
- Author(s):Tonči Majić
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:411-415
- No. of Pages:5
- Summary/Abstract:The initiated processes of democratization in Croatia have been stopped quite early. The aggressive behavior against minorities in Croatia, particularly Serbs, has become more and more prominent. In the conditions of nationalist rule in Croatia, members of the Serbian minority have turned to NGOs for protection of their rights, while Croats have addressed state organs. NGOs have performed the function of providing information rather than the function of protection. They have been acting in a hostile environment. Both the majority of the population and the state bodies have been hostile to their activities. Grave infringements of human rights in Croatia have happened on a massive scale. They have been systematically applied by the op authorities as a weapon in their policies. The highest levels of government have hushed up crimes against human rights and protected the perpetrators.
SITUIRANA KSENOFOBIJA: OPASKA O GRAĐANSKOM PROTESTU U SRBIJI
SITUIRANA KSENOFOBIJA: OPASKA O GRAĐANSKOM PROTESTU U SRBIJI
(XENOPHOBIA SITUATED: A NOTE ON THE CIVIC PROTEST IN SERBIA)
- Author(s):Đorđe Pavićević, Ivana Spasić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Nationalism Studies, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:419-428
- No. of Pages:10
- Summary/Abstract:Contrary to its widespread usage, „xenophobia" is here conceived of as a situated phenomenon, one social fact among others. Unlike the predominant understanding of xenophobia as referring to attitudes toward other ethnic and/or religious groups, and bearing an implicit negative connotation, the concept is here taken in its meaning as constructed within a single national community along the lines of political antagonisms, and is freed of its value content. The empirical case-study undertaken in this paper refers to a dramatic day during the civic protest in Serbia in December 1996, when two groups of demonstrators - those opposing and those supporting the regime - confronted each other and clashed in the streets of Belgrade. The response of the anti-regime demonstrators to this „symbolic assault" is described as a xenophobic one, showing indiscriminate hostility towards, and lack of willingness to communicate with, the pro-regime demonstrators. This sort of response, the authors claim, was psychologically understandable in the given context. Moreover, it was politically positive because it prevented the regime from realizing a series of symbolic strategics whereby the power of the protest would have been diminished. Relying on xenophobia, it is asserted, the protest participants kept their collective identity alive and made it possible for the protest to continue.
GRAĐANSKI PROTESTI U SRBIJI I KSENOFOBIJA
GRAĐANSKI PROTESTI U SRBIJI I KSENOFOBIJA
(CIVIL PROTESTS IN SERBIA AND XENOPHOBIA)
- Author(s):Zagorka Golubović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:429-434
- No. of Pages:6
- Summary/Abstract:During civil end ethnic war in the former multinational Yugoslavia one of the main feelings amongst the population was xenophobia, because all the nations became contaminated by the conviction that „they could no longer live together". What brought into existence such a xenophobia was the nationalistic euphoria in Serbia in the 1990's, but in the other republics of former Yugoslavia as well. The proof can be found in the comparison of the latest results with those ten years earlier, when ethnic distance was rather small, as well as the expression of xenophobia towards the other people living together in the same state. However, a significant turn happened in the autumn 1996, when massive civil protests took place in Belgrade and the other large cities in Serbia: people began to liberate themselves from fear and mutual distrust forming new groupings based on mutual interests and goals (fighting for their civil rights concerning the fair treatment of the results of the local elections), behaving as free persons as well, opposite to the well-known meetings of the amorphous depersonalized masses. All of a sudden a critical public opinion was constituted enabling the population in protest to withstand sharp winter cold and police repression being in the streets for three months and demanding the confirmation of the opposition’s victory on local election. But what was mostly effective was a joy people expressed; so far somber and aggressive they became enthusiastic and gay, more communicative and ready to become a part of new communities. They expressed such feelings in a peaceful protest performing clever activities, turning thus attention of the world to themselves and their enduring energy. One may say that a citizen as a free personality was born during these protests, although by no means all the problems of nationalism, xenophobia and authoritarianism have been yet completely solved.
KSENOFOBIJA I IRONIJA
KSENOFOBIJA I IRONIJA
(XENOPHOBIA AND IRONY)
- Author(s):Vojin Dimitrijević
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Communication studies, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:435-444
- No. of Pages:10
- Summary/Abstract:Since 1987 xenophobia has been predominant in Serbia and Yugoslavia. It has been encouraged and promoted from above, through official media and with the energetic support of nationalist intelligentsia. This has not been surprising in an atmosphere of conflict and war among the nations in Yugoslavia. The author maintains that the predominant xenophobia has little resemblance with traditional suspicions and aversions in regard to other nations and states. Xenophobia, expressed in negative national stereotypes, is irrational but it has some links with historical experience. This experience would point toward the traditional enemies of Serbia in wars and memories of their armies as occupiers. In fact, among the negative stereotypes has figured prominently the United States, a state with which the Serbs had no conflicts or major misunderstandings. The explanation can be found that the management of propaganda and xenophobic indoctrination has been in the hands of communist professionals, who have continued their previous line of „anticapitalistic" propaganda, expressed in xenophobia towards the West in general and the United States as the principal „capitalist" nation. When the demonstrations in Serbian cities started after the electoral fraud of November 1996 the regime was in an awkward position. It had just started to adapt, after the signing of the Dayton Agreements on Bosnia and Herzegovina, to its new peace-making collaborative image. The demonstrators were initially labelled by state propaganda as chauvinists, conservatives, even fascists. Their reaction was swift and resulted in the removal of all Serb symbols and insignia and their replacement by Hags of foreign states. Official propagandists now found themselves in familiar waters and directed their efforts against „foreign hirelings and traitors". The reaction of the crowd was again very inventive: symbols of foreign countries gave now place to well designed and attractive banners with logos of successful international and foreign companies. The demonstrators thus indicated that they had opted for transition and capitalism and proved that the best weapon against xenophobia and stubborn official dumbness was irony. Irony and humor are also the best prevention against fear, fear being the major bastion of totalitarianism.
MULTIKULTURALNA IKONOGRAFIJA PROTESTA - ISMEJANA KSENOFOBIJA VLASTI
MULTIKULTURALNA IKONOGRAFIJA PROTESTA - ISMEJANA KSENOFOBIJA VLASTI
(MULTICULTURAL ICONOGRAPHY OF CIVIL PROTEST IN BELGRADE 1996-97 - THE XENOPHOBIA OF THE AUTHORITIES REDICULED)
- Author(s):Milena Dragićević-Šešić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Visual Arts, Governance, Communication studies
- Page Range:445-456
- No. of Pages:12
- Summary/Abstract:The iconography of the protest was extremely complex. Ensigns of various countries, party Hags, emblems of faculties and universities, as well as attractive towels and pennants of car brands (its emblems being constantly present in the streets, „Ferrari" became a symbol of the protest), created such a mélange that simple conclusions arc impossible. Flags of European countries were to express the vision of Serbia and Yugoslavia in Europe and the world. But after a large media cry against, what they called, „the treacherous presence of foreign state Hags in the protests", the flags of non-European far away countries, or extremely small countries appeared in increasing numbers. This expressed irony towards the xenophobic authorities - a clear political message was sent by gay iconographic means: very often people put on themselves a multitude of flags of various countries thus assuming the image of „foreign mercenaries". „Banknotes" scattered at various points of the protest ridiculed the stories disseminated by the official media about foreigners distributing daily allowance to the demonstrators. Graffiti arc one of the most democratic media, since they do not require a lot: a piece of chalk or a marker, spray, paper... and aim at destroying the traditional values, questioning the politicians, political decisions and political system, as well as conventions of speech writing. A graffito reveals, in the first place, an attitude - a political attitude, but when put up and carried on a banner, it manifests simultaneously the intention of the author to participate in changing the world more actively and directly. Subversiveness is therefore, primarily political, but also orthographic and typographic, lexical, rhetorical, cultural. A graffito parodies, ridicules, reverses meanings, and magnifies in a caricatural way. A graffito on a banner has become a new medium of urban resistance. A resistance which is now public. Writing graffiti no longer means „a secret ritual of transgressing to the world of prohibition", it indicates that the most appropriate mean was found for individualizing the protest. This article reveals an often intertextual relationship between the graffiti and the regime’s slogans. This slogans which expressed xenophobia and national megalomania, were reinterpreted by graffiti and other iconographic tools using humor and irony, in a carnivalesque spirit and manner.
