Fundamentals of International Migration
Fundamentals of International Migration
Contributor(s): Deniz Yetkin Aker (Editor), Zeynep Banu Dalaman (Editor), Mehmet Gokay Özerim (Editor), Deniz Eroğlu Utku (Editor), Ibrahim Sirkeci (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Sociology, Migration Studies, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
Published by: Transnational Press London
Keywords: Text books; coursework; data and methods in migration; international; migration; law; refugee; organisations; rights; security; Syrians; theories of migration; Turkey
Summary/Abstract: Fundamentals of International Migration is prepared as a textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate courses/modules. This book is a collection of articles and book chapters published in various journals and volumes carefully selected to cover a comprehensive range of topics and issues in contemporary human mobility. Students and tutors of the module would find it useful to guide and enhance classroom discussions. There are 8 parts with 28 chapters. Each part of the book begins with a list of essential and further reading to offer a wide range of views and perspectives to the students of international migration.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-1-80135-037-2
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-1-80135-036-5
- Page Count: 343
- Publication Year: 2021
- Language: English
A Record 65.3 Million People were Displaced Last Year: What Does That Number Actually Mean?
A Record 65.3 Million People were Displaced Last Year: What Does That Number Actually Mean?
(A Record 65.3 Million People were Displaced Last Year: What Does That Number Actually Mean?)
- Author(s):Jeffrey H. Cohen, Ibrahim Sirkeci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Migration Studies, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:5-7
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:witness violent; attacks; bombings; murders; France; Germany; Turkey; Afghanistan; Iraq; fighting; South Sudan; civil war; Syria; conflicts; global refugee crisis; UNHRC;
- Summary/Abstract:We continue to witness violent attacks – bombings and murders in France, Germany, Turkey, Afghanistan and Iraq; fighting in South Sudan and the continued civil war in Syria. These conflicts have renewed interest in the global refugee crisis and the movements of displaced persons around the globe.
- Price: 4.50 €
It Is All About Being Happy in Search of Security
It Is All About Being Happy in Search of Security
(It Is All About Being Happy in Search of Security)
- Author(s):Ibrahim Sirkeci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Labor relations, Migration Studies, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:8-10
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:Migration; Europe; US; rethink; human mobility; refugees; Cold War ;Geneva Convention; economic growth; labour; Germany; European countries; guest workers;
- Summary/Abstract:Migration recently has been discussed in a very negative context. As Europe and the US moved towards right, we have to rethink human mobility and push for informed debates. Terminology used to describe migration and refugees is old, outdated and problematic. They were largely designed for the Cold War era and for a special category of people. The 1951 Geneva Convention had set the ground rules for treating refugees. Then, economic growth was the dominant character with clear need for foreign labour as Germany and other European countries signed multiple bilateral labour exchange agreements with the countries in the South to recruit millions of “guest workers” from the 1950s till the early 1970s.
- Price: 4.50 €
Europe’s Migration Crisis: An American Perspective
Europe’s Migration Crisis: An American Perspective
(Europe’s Migration Crisis: An American Perspective)
- Author(s):Philip L. Martin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Migration Studies, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:11-21
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:United States; immigrants; migration policy; migration; policy; US; international migrants; Germany; Russia; Australia; Canada;
- Summary/Abstract:The United States is a nation of immigrants unsure about the best migration policy for the future. With almost five percent of the world’s people but 20 percent of the world’s 244 million international migrants, the US is the major country of immigration. The UN reported 47 million international migrants in the US in 2015,four times more than Germany and Russia, which each had 12 million migrants(UN DESA, 2015). The US is alone among high-income countries in having a quarter of migrants who are unauthorized, some 11.3 million in 2014. What to do about these unauthorized foreigners has dominated policy debates over the past two decades.
- Price: 4.50 €
Fleeing from the Global Compact for Migration: A Missed Opportunity for Italy
Fleeing from the Global Compact for Migration: A Missed
Opportunity for Italy
(Fleeing from the Global Compact for Migration: A Missed
Opportunity for Italy)
- Author(s):Chiara Scissa
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Migration Studies, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:23-43
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Global Compact; Migration; Italy; Human Rights; national borders;
- Summary/Abstract:This article explores a recent attempt to bridge the gap between migration governance and migration policy by means of a hoped-for ‘universal’ system of international cooperation – the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration (hereinafter GCM or Global Compact). In particular, this contribution examines the reasons that in December 2018 led both the Italian Parliament and Government to refrain from the Global Compact, which Italy first had promoted as a way to revitalise the European Union’s solidarity and coordination, while lessening the uneven burden of migratory inflows into the country.
- Price: 4.50 €
A Missing Element in Migration Theories
A Missing Element in Migration Theories
(A Missing Element in Migration Theories)
- Author(s):Douglas S. Massey
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Migration Studies
- Page Range:47-64
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:A Missing Element; Migration Theories; migration; Scientific Study; Population;
- Summary/Abstract:In the 1990s, at the behest of Massimo Livi-Bacci, then President of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, I agreed to chair an interdisciplinary, international committee of migration scholars for the IUSSP. The committee’s charge was to develop a unified theoretical framework for the study of international migration by identifying the key propositions derived from prevailing migration theories and then to assess them against empirical evidence from international migration systems around the world. The ultimate goal was to encourage researchers from different nations and disciplines to speak a common theoretical language, thereby enabling them to test hypotheses of mutual interest using comparable data and methods. The committee consisted of Joaquin Arango, a sociologist from Spain who was familiar with migration in Europe; Graeme Hugo, a geographer from Australia with knowledge of Asia and the Pacific; Ali Kouaouci, a social demographer from Algeria who covered Africa and the Middle East; Adela Pellegrino, a historical demographer from Uruguay with expertise in Latin America; and J. Edward Taylor an economist from the United States who, like me, did field research in Mexico and knew the North American migration system well, but also had published widely on issues of migration and development around the world.
- Price: 4.50 €
Transnational mobility and conflict
Transnational mobility and conflict
(Transnational mobility and conflict)
- Author(s):Ibrahim Sirkeci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Migration Studies, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:65-73
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Transnational; mobility; conflict; Transnationalism; migration; typologies; voluntary; economic; political;
- Summary/Abstract:Transnationalism opened up the discussion in international migration studies by abandoning the unidirectional and static understanding of the phenomenon. In Faist’s three generations typology, transnationalism corresponds to the third generation of migration theories recognising migration practices connecting both sending and receiving worlds (2000:12). This may sound quite motionless, but yet he argues “migrations are not singular journeys but tend to become integral part of migrants’ lives” blurring the distinction between countries of origin and destination(2000:13). The focus here is onto the transnational geography or transnational social space where migrations occur. Thus, we may avoid a) the dullness and simplicity of pull-push models which tend to see migration as a move from A to B determined by the relative attractiveness of both ends; b) self-fulfilling prophecy(Merton, 1959:423) of network models; c) bureaucratic definition of international migration (i.e. changing place of residence for 12 months or more); d) providing a space to abandon the separation e.g. migrants and non-migrants; e) theoretically useless migration typologies (e.g. voluntary vs. forced, economic vs. political etc.)which does not help in understanding migration behaviour.Transnational mobility and conflict
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“Old” natives and “new” immigrants: beyond territory and history in Kymlicka's account of group-rights
“Old” natives and “new” immigrants: beyond territory
and history in Kymlicka's account of group-rights
(“Old” natives and “new” immigrants: beyond territory
and history in Kymlicka's account of group-rights)
- Author(s):Darian Heim
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Migration Studies
- Page Range:75-85
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Old natives; new immigrants; beyond territory; Kymlicka's account; group-rights; Chinese; Canada;
- Summary/Abstract:Imagine that the Chinese in Canada claimed the same rights as the Québécois. This would involve among other things a public administration and schools run in Chinese or a regional Chinese parliament with wide-ranging autonomies. However, some might reply, none of the institutions needed to sustain Chinese culture in Canada have been created so far. Such scepticism notwithstanding, this example can be revealing for discussing the underlying normative question: on what grounds are the rights of “old” minorities, as the Québécois, different from “new” immigrant groups, such as the Chinese? The answer, for some, lies in the fact that the Québécois – and not the Chinese – have a history on their territory.
- Price: 4.50 €
Social Research Methods: Migration in Perspective
Social Research Methods: Migration in Perspective
(Social Research Methods: Migration in Perspective)
- Author(s):Akm Ahsan Ullah, Akram Hossain, Muhammad Azizuddin, Farah Nawaz
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Methodology and research technology, Migration Studies
- Page Range:89-100
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Social Research Methods; Migration in Perspective; Migration; phenomenon; migrants; interdisciplinary;
- Summary/Abstract:Migration research is newer than the phenomenon itself owing to the fact that the phenomenon per se received delayed attention from researchers, academia, policymakers and international communities. This resulted in deficiencies in unified-but-suitable migration research methods for various socio economic settings and geopolitical locales. As migration connects both developed and developing worlds and the recent proliferation of migrants all over the world suggests the importance of migration research at multidisciplinary level (Vargas Silva, 2012). The striking fact is that scholarly interest in migration studies unprecedentedly increased over the last two decades. Two decades ago, migration research had a negligible presence in social scientific inquiry. Today, however, growing scholarly interest in migration is undisputable (Yalaz & Zapata-Barrero,2017). ‘While half a century ago, migration research was a peripheral area of study within traditional academic disciplines, today it has become a firmly established interdisciplinary field (Yalaz & Zapata-Barrero, 2017:3).’
- Price: 4.50 €
Biographical methods in migration research
Biographical methods in migration research
(Biographical methods in migration research)
- Author(s):Theodoros Iosifides, Deborah Sporton
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Methodology and research technology, Migration Studies
- Page Range:101-106
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Biographical methods; migration research; positivist; domination; biographical; narrative; migration;
- Summary/Abstract:During the last decades, qualitative biographical/narrative methods gained a prominent position within the spectrum of social science methodology and research practice, mainly due to a reaction to the positivist-empiricist dominance and associated views of social reality. After an initial interest to biographical methods, which followed the edition of ‘The Polish Peasant in Europe and America(1919-1921)’ by Thomas and Znaniecki (1958), biographical and generally qualitative research methods gave way to empiricist-quantitative approaches and only since the end of 1960 the positivist domination begun to be unsettled (Halfacree and Boyle 1993; Findlay and Li 1997; Tsiolis 2006).
- Price: 4.50 €
Strengths, Risks and Limits of Doing Participatory Research in Migration Studies
Strengths, Risks and Limits of Doing Participatory Research in Migration Studies
(Strengths, Risks and Limits of Doing Participatory Research in Migration Studies)
- Author(s):Diana Mata-Codesal, Laure Kloetzer, Concha Maiztegi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Methodology and research technology, Migration Studies
- Page Range:107-115
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Strengths; Risks; Limits of Doing Participatory; Research in Migration Studies; Mexican Americans; Puerto Ricans; Indians; Eskimos; whites;
- Summary/Abstract:50 years on, Sherry R. Arnstein’s critical words on participation in policy and social planning remain very relevant: “The idea of citizen participation is a little like eating spinach: no one is against it in principle because it is good for you. Participation of the governed in their government is, in theory, the cornerstone of democracy-a revered idea that is vigorously applauded by virtually everyone. The applause is reduced to polite handclaps, however, when this principle is advocated by the have-not blacks, Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Indians, Eskimos, and whites. And when the have-nots define participation as redistribution of power, the American consensus on the fundamental principle explodes into many shades of outright racial, ethnic, ideological, and political opposition” (Arnstein, 1969, p.216).According to her, what participation should be, however, is very different: “citizen participation is a categorical term for citizen power. It is the redistribution of power that enables the have-not citizens, presently excluded from the political and economic processes, to be deliberately included in the future. It is the strategy by which the have-nots join in determining how information is shared, goals and policies are set, tax resources are allocated, programs are operated, and benefits like contracts and patronage are parcelled out. In short, it is the means by which they can induce significant social reform which enables them to share in the benefits of the affluent society” (ibidem, p. 216). Whereas her critical call was related to participation of citizens in State and local policies, it is fully relevant to the current analysis of the (non) participation of (non) citizens in supranational, national or local policies governing international migrations.
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Universalist Rights and Particularist Duties: The Case of Refugees
Universalist Rights and Particularist Duties: The Case of
Refugees
(Universalist Rights and Particularist Duties: The Case of
Refugees)
- Author(s):Per Bauhn
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Migration Studies
- Page Range:119-128
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Universalist Rights; Particularist Duties; refugees; migration; migrants; cosmopolitans;
- Summary/Abstract:Human rights seem to co-exist uneasily with the idea of sovereign territorial nation-states. At least at a first glance, as a doctrine of normative ethics, human rights would seem to imply a moral cosmopolitanism, according to which all human beings, regardless of their nationality and citizenship, have equal rights to certain basic goods generally needed for human agency and a decent human life, such as life, health, and freedom. And if human rights apply to all human beings, so do the corresponding duties and responsibilities. In the words of Kwame Anthony Appiah, “the one thought that cosmopolitans share is that no local loyalty can ever justify forgetting that each human being has responsibilities to every other”(Appiah, 2006: xvi). This would make state borders appear morally irrelevant. Whether you live in South Sudan or South Dakota, your rights should be the same.
- Price: 4.50 €
Bordering Practices across Europe: The Rise of “Walls” and “Fences”
Bordering Practices across Europe: The Rise of “Walls” and “Fences”
(Bordering Practices across Europe: The Rise of “Walls” and “Fences”)
- Author(s):Burcu Toğral Koca
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Migration Studies
- Page Range:129-140
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Bordering; Practices across Europe; Rise Walls; Fences; prominence; migrants; immigrants;
- Summary/Abstract:In the wake of the geopolitical changes that have roiled the globe since the1980s—notably the fall of the Berlin Wall–a “borderless and deterritorialised world” discourse rose to prominence (Newman 2006). Pioneered by the advocates of globalization, this discourse envisaged a new era in which the world would seethe free movement of capital, goods and people. This discourse has also become a dominant theme in analysing the European integration process. The so-called“ borderless” Europe debate emerged with the introduction of the Single Market and Schengen area which called for the free movement of capital, goods and people within the European Union (EU). Within the process of the EU enlargement, nationals of EU member states (and of some privileged non-member countries belonging to the Global North) enjoy this freedom without much interruption. However, at the same time, we have witnessed that same Europe has become characterised by a hardening of existing borders and the construction of new ones for certain groups of people, especially for those migrants coming from poor and Muslim countries, refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented immigrants. As widely discussed in the literature, this hardening of borders has become moreevident following the September 11 and subsequent attacks, which provided auseful pretext to justify the introduction of more sophisticated and draconian measures for border policing (see Vallet and David 2012).
- Price: 4.50 €
Turkey’s Refugees, Syrians and Refugees from Turkey: A Country of Insecurity
Turkey’s Refugees, Syrians and Refugees from Turkey: A
Country of Insecurity
(Turkey’s Refugees, Syrians and Refugees from Turkey: A
Country of Insecurity)
- Author(s):Ibrahim Sirkeci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Military policy, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:141-153
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Turkey; Refugees; Syrians; Refugees from Turkey; insecurity; migration;
- Summary/Abstract:On 18 November 2016, NATO’s Secretary General, Jens Stoltenberg said“ some Turkish officers working in NATO command structure… have requested asylum in the countries where they are working” months after the failed coup attempt in Turkey and the purges that followed. This is simply adding fuel to the fire in Europe. The European Union (EU) has faced one of its biggest crises with the rise of population flows through its Eastern and Southern neighbours as well as movements within the EU. In 2016, the Brexit referendum and debates surrounding it in the UK were largely focused on restricting EU immigration to the UK whereas eastern and central European members were raising concerns about and reluctant to comply with the refugee quota proposals and the burden sharing they often included.
- Price: 4.50 €
Turkish Migration Policy at a Glance
Turkish Migration Policy at a Glance
(Turkish Migration Policy at a Glance)
- Author(s):Barbara Pusch, Ibrahim Sirkeci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Migration Studies
- Page Range:157-166
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Turkish Migration; Policy at a Glance; migration; Turkey; Europe; Germany; particular; migrant-sending; Turkey characterizes; Turkish migration history; Ministry; resettlement; migrants; Greece;
- Summary/Abstract:Due to the large-scale migration from Turkey to Europe in general and Germany in particular Turkey has primarily been regarded as a migrant-sending country until recently. This image of Turkey characterizes, however, just one aspect of the Turkish migration history. Only since 2011 with the large influxes of Syrians and, there is a shift in the perception of Turkey as a destination country. Throughout history though, Turkey has always been a host country for sizeable inward population movements. There were several waves of population movements in the aftermath of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire: According to Karpat, between 1860s and 1922, around 4 million people migrated to Ottoman territories while later, about 1.5 million Muslims “were forced to take refuge in the Ottoman domains” (more or less the territories of modern Turkey) (Karpat, 1985,p.75). According to the Ministry of Resettlement, then Turkey received a total of870,000 migrants of whom 400,000 were from Greece, 225,000 from Bulgaria,120,000 from Yugoslavia, 120,000 from Romania and 10,000 from other Balkan countries (İçduygu & Sirkeci, 1999, p.259).
- Price: 4.50 €
Immigration and Civil Society: New ways of democratic transformation
Immigration and Civil Society: New ways of democratic
transformation
(Immigration and Civil Society: New ways of democratic
transformation)
- Author(s):Oscar Garcia Agustín, Martin Bak Jorgensen
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Society, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:167-169
- No. of Pages:3
- Keywords:Immigration; Civil Society; New ways of democratic; transformation; political; democratic transformation; democratization;
- Summary/Abstract:Debates in the political field about “democratic transition” or “democratic transformation” have been related to the shift from authoritative regimes to incipient democracy, especially to account for changes in Eastern Europe, Latin America, and, to some extent, Africa and Asia. Both terms are used to designate the idea of democratization of countries.
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Immigration Policy in the European Union: Still bringing up the walls for fortress Europe?
Immigration Policy in the European Union: Still bringing up the walls for fortress Europe?
(Immigration Policy in the European Union: Still bringing up the walls for fortress Europe?)
- Author(s):Petra Bendel
- Language:English
- Subject(s):EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:171-177
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Immigration; Policy; European Union; Europe; Geneva Refugee Convention;
- Summary/Abstract:In May 2004 the deadlines for the transitional five-year-period of the Amsterdam Treaty (in force since May 1999) ended for those European regulations which were supposed to create a common European asylum and immigration system. The European Council in Tampere, 1999, had agreed on quite an ambitious programme in order to create an “area of freedom, security and justice”. Underlining a strong EU commitment to the common values of freedom based on human rights, democratic institutions and the rule of law, the Presidency of the European Council stressed that the European Union’s common rights should be guaranteed to its own citizens but, at the same time, must “offer guarantees to those who seek protection in or access to the European Union”. An open and secure European Union, therefore, has to be “fully committed to the obligations of the Geneva Refugee Convention and other relevant human rights instruments, and able to respond to humanitarian needs on the basis of solidarity.” Also, the Tampere conclusions of the Presidency wanted to ensure the integration into the EU societies of those third country nationals who are lawfully resident in the Union.
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The Case for a Foreign Worker Advisory Commission
The Case for a Foreign Worker Advisory Commission
(The Case for a Foreign Worker Advisory Commission)
- Author(s):Ray Marshall
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Labor relations, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:179-190
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Foreign Worker Advisory; Commission; immigration; United States;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper outlines the case for an independent Foreign Worker Advisory Commission (FWAC) to assemble and develop data and research to assist the administration and Congress make better and more timely decisions on employment-based migration (EBM), a relatively small (14% in 2010) component of total immigration. The FWAC also would recommend the numbers and composition of temporary foreign workers (TFW) admitted each year, which constituted about 1.7 million (of 46.5 million) US foreign visitors in 2010.
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Migration and Integration: Austrian and California Experiences with Low-Skilled Migrants
Migration and Integration: Austrian and California Experiences with Low-Skilled Migrants
(Migration and Integration: Austrian and California Experiences with Low-Skilled Migrants)
- Author(s):Gudrun Biffl, Philip L. Martin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Labor relations, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:195-201
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Migration; integration; Austrian; California; Experiences with Low-Skilled Migrants;
- Summary/Abstract:Austria had a labor force of 4.4 million in 2015, almost 19 percent foreign born, including 60% who were from other EU countries. Many of the migrants from other EU member states in Austria are highly skilled, but they are not always employed according to their skills, particularly migrants from the new European Union Member States (EU-MS). The language barrier is one major reason for down-skilling, and another is the large difference in wages between Poland and other source countries and Austria, which attracts teachers and other professionals to jobs in Austrian tourism and care services, even if they lack training for these lower-than-average wage jobs. Austria has required non-EEA (European Economic Area) migrants since 1996 to have skills, so Austrian employers take advantage of free mobility of labor within the EU and recruit some EU-migrants from Central European countries for low-paid jobs with difficult working conditions.
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Integration of Syrians: Politics of integration in Turkey in the face of a closing window of opportunity
Integration of Syrians: Politics of integration in Turkey in
the face of a closing window of opportunity
(Integration of Syrians: Politics of integration in Turkey in
the face of a closing window of opportunity)
- Author(s):K. Onur Unutulmaz
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:203-221
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Integration of Syrians; Politics; integration; Turkey; integration; discussion; hegemony; immigrant-origins;
- Summary/Abstract:Integration has become one of the most popular concepts in today’s daily, political, and academic discussions. Countries of all sorts with a large number of immigrants and sizable communities with ‘immigrant-origins’ are now conceptualising several issues and challenges related to immigration and the ensuing ethnic and cultural diversity as matters of integration. While both what they mean by the term and how they are trying to achieve it vary widely, the political nature of the whole process and the hegemony of the concept of integration are beyond discussion.
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Citizenship and Naturalization Among Turkish Skilled Migrants
Citizenship and Naturalization Among Turkish Skilled
Migrants
(Citizenship and Naturalization Among Turkish Skilled
Migrants)
- Author(s):Deniz Yetkin Aker
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Labor relations, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:223-227
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Citizenship; naturalization; Turkish; skilled; migrants;
- Summary/Abstract:There have been many studies about the concept of citizenship; nevertheless, as Joppke argues, “one of the biggest lacunae in the literature” is what people associate with the concept (Joppke, 2007: 44). In addition, naturalization is the procedure of citizenship acquisition for several reasons, such as gaining political rights. Although some scholars posit that non-citizens have several rights just as citizens do (such as, Bloemraad, 2000; Soysal, 1996), as Wallace-Goodman points out, for immigrants “naturalization is still the key to full rights of citizenship”(Wallace- Goodman, 2010: 3). Despite all the rights and benefits associated with citizenship acquisition, not all immigrants (can or want to) obtain the host country’s citizenship. Especially since 1982, many studies (such as Bloemraad, 2002; DeVoretz & Pivnenko, 2005; Yang, 1994 and Vink & Dronkers, 2012) dwell on the naturalization processes and policies to understand reasons of such variance in citizenship acquisition rates and dissimilarities in citizenship regulations among nations (Bloemraad, 2000: 13).
- Price: 4.50 €
Westphalia, Migration, and Feudal Privilege
Westphalia, Migration, and Feudal Privilege
(Westphalia, Migration, and Feudal Privilege)
- Author(s):Harald Bauder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Migration Studies
- Page Range:229-240
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Westphalia; Migration; Feudal Privilege; enlightenment; migration;
- Summary/Abstract:In the 1990s, scholars and practitioners were optimistic that globalization would result in open borders or that borders would vanish altogether (Ohmae, 1990). In this way, humanity would continue along the path towards liberation that it has strived for since the Enlightenment. This optimism was premature. Borders between nation states are far from open today (Paasi et al., forthcoming); many borders are actually tightening, and thousands of migrants have died trying to cross international borders (International Organization for Migration, 2018). Apparently, we cannot shake off the ghosts of migration control that have haunted humanity for centuries if not millennia (O’Dowd, 2010).
- Price: 4.50 €
Naturalisation Policies Beyond a Western focus
Naturalisation Policies Beyond a Western focus
(Naturalisation Policies Beyond a Western focus)
- Author(s):Tobias Schwarz
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:241-253
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Naturalisation; policies; western; alienage-nationality;
- Summary/Abstract:At the core of the nation-state principle, which by now encompasses the whole globe, stands the assignment of each individual to (usually only) one nation-state. Foreigners have to naturalise in the country of destination if they want to become equal members at least nominally. Only through the acquisition of nationality can they gain access to most citizenship rights, most notably the security of residence and the right to vote. From the perspective of the national state administration, an equal legal status for every member of the population resident within national territory is often seen as necessary to maintain social cohesion. Nevertheless, to incorporate foreigners as equal members of society can pose a threat to the unity of the imagined nation, especially when the new members are perceived as ethnically or culturally different. Therefore criteria must be set as to who belongs and who does not. Naturalisation is the legal process of acquisition of a nationality, not automatically at birth, but later in life (and then usually in substitution for or in addition to an existing nationality). From the perspective of a particular state, to naturalise means to confer on an individual a legal membership status. The usual requirements are to be of legal age, to be lawfully present inside the country, and to have resided there for a minimum duration; the latter can vary considerably, e.g. from one year in the case of Portuguese wishing to naturalise in Brazil, to as much as 25 years in Qatar. The period of residency requirement is often lower for a spouse or a child of a national and for former nationals, and sometimes also for those seen as co-ethnics (indeed, it may even be that naturalisation is only possible for those categorized as of the same “race”, see Ludwig, this issue). These basic requirements are usually accompanied by proof of “good conduct” (operationalized as a clean criminal record), often (but not always) by possession of a permanent residency permit, and sometimes by the demonstration of either a minimum economic self sufficiency or, on the contrary, an outstandingly high economic contribution by theapplicant (as in a two-tier immigration systems like in Hong Kong and Singapore,see Leung and Mathews/Soon in this issue). Additional naturalisation requirementsare proficiency in (one of) the official language(s) and/or country knowledge (whichmay or may not be rigorously tested – again, as in Singapore). Alongside these requirements for regular naturalisations, many states allow for “special naturalisation” at the discretion of the executive for those with exceptional achievements in favour of the country (in the past, often war heroes; today, football stars and other athletes). What is more, an increasing number of states “sell” their nationality to rich foreigners if the latter invest large amounts of money inside the respective country, whereby some or all other requirements are waived (Dzankic,2012; van Fossen, 2007; see Ramtohul in this issue on investor citizenship in Mauritius).
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Wrestling with 9/11: Immigrant Perceptions and Perceptions of Immigrants
Wrestling with 9/11: Immigrant Perceptions and Perceptions of Immigrants
(Wrestling with 9/11: Immigrant Perceptions and Perceptions of Immigrants)
- Author(s):Caroline B. Brettell
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:255-266
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Wrestling; immigrant; perceptions; Perceptions of Immigrants;migration;;
- Summary/Abstract:At 2:30 p.m. on September 11, 2001, an email from the President of the India Association of North Texas (IANT), located in Dallas, Texas, was distributed to all members of the organization. It announced a special candlelight vigil for the following evening at the India Association office to “show our support to the nation, condemn terrorists, and pray for the victims.”
- Price: 4.50 €
Syrian Crisis and Migration
Syrian Crisis and Migration
(Syrian Crisis and Migration)
- Author(s):Pinar Yazgan, Deniz Eroğlu Utku, Ibrahim Sirkeci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:269-276
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Syrian Crisis; migration; Syrian refugee crisis; European; managing international migration; controlling borders; transnational peace; insecure; Europe; neighbouring countries;
- Summary/Abstract:In this issue, we aimed to shed some light on the Syrian refugee crisis which seems to shake European common policy on migration and asylum. However, it seems focus is still on raising walls, strengthening borders, and futile categorisations of movers as ‘refugees’ and ‘economic migrants’. As well put in a recent interview,“ managing international migration is not a matter of controlling borders; it is a question of transnational peace” (Bardakci, 2015). People will continue fleeing the environments where they feel insecure and Europe will continue to face large influxes from neighbouring countries in trouble.
- Price: 4.50 €
Demographic Gaps Between Syrian and the European Populations
Demographic Gaps Between Syrian and the European Populations
(Demographic Gaps Between Syrian and the European
Populations)
- Author(s):M. Murat Yüceşahin, Ibrahim Sirkeci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Demography and human biology, Migration Studies
- Page Range:277-296
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Demographic Gaps Between Syrian; European; populations; German Chancellor Merkel; Turkey; Syrians;
- Summary/Abstract:At least 6 million 148 thousand Syrians have been uprooted as a result of the crisis and conflict ongoing since 2011 in Syria. As of 6 August 2017, 5,165,502 have crossed the borders into neighbouring countries of Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq whilst 983,876 moved further to Europe (UNHCR, 2017). A similar volume of population has been displaced within Syria too. This practically makes Syria one of the worst displacement cases in the history as more than half the contemporary population is displaced. Turkey with a long land border with Syria as well as historic links between populations, particularly in border provinces appeared as a favourite destination for Syrians who escape the conflict. As conflict grew and spread, in2012 and onwards, a sharp increase in the number of Syrians arriving in Turkey was observed (Yazgan et al., 2015; Sirkeci, 2017a). When Lebanon receiving proportionally the largest share of Syrian movers, Jordan, Egypt, and Iraq have also accommodated sizeable populations seeking refuge. Unlike the early days of the conflict when most movers preferred neighbouring countries, in later years, an increasing number of Syrians destined to Europe. There can be and are many factors moderating this behaviour. We can cite economic opportunities, democratic environment, as well as aspirations and cultures of migration among these factors. Certain political manoeuvres such as the German Chancellor Merkel’s welcoming message in 2015 have also played a role.
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Turkish Migration in Europe and Desire to Migrate to and from Turkey
Turkish Migration in Europe and Desire to Migrate to and
from Turkey
(Turkish Migration in Europe and Desire to Migrate to and
from Turkey)
- Author(s):Ibrahim Sirkeci, Neli Esipova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Migration Studies
- Page Range:297-310
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Turkish Migration; Europe; Desire to Migrate; Turkey; migration;
- Summary/Abstract:According to the Gallup World Poll, nearly 630 million (14%) people desire to move to another country while only about 7.6 per cent of world’s adult population are planning to move within a year and only about 3 per cent are already preparing–i.e. applying for visas and booking tickets (Esipova et al., 2011). This last figure is more or less corresponding to the estimated total number of migrants in the World–i.e. around 214 million (3.1%) by 2010 (UN DESA, 2009). About one third (69.8million) of these migrants are estimated to be in Europe: 1.4 million in Turkey, 6.4million in Spain, 6.5 million in the UK, 10.8 million in Germany, and 12.3 million in Russian Federation. Nearly half of the worlds’ migrants are based in less developed countries and least developed countries - about 98 million. Nevertheless, a high percentage of immigrants in the total population of Europe is a fact, while trends and directions in the near future are unknown. While a reasonable increase in mobility for Turkish citizens within the EU countries is expected, Far Right claims about ‘75 million Turks roaming around the EU are unrealistic. Turkey’s role as a country of origin for one the largest minority populations in Europe, as a transit country, and as a destination country are of concern to academics, practitioners, and policy makers.
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International Mobility, Erotic Plasticity and Eastern European Migrations
International Mobility, Erotic Plasticity and Eastern European Migrations
(International Mobility, Erotic Plasticity and Eastern European Migrations)
- Author(s):Martina Cvajner
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Migration Studies
- Page Range:313-320
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:International Mobility; Erotic Plasticity; Eastern European Migrations; migration; mobility;
- Summary/Abstract:For those who want to study sexual life, international migrations represent excellent strategic research material and allow researchers to study many important problems in innovative ways (Merton, 1987). Exploring the migration and sexuality nexus means dealing with one of the key problems of social science: how do actions and norms change when does the context change? To what degree do adult migrants reproduce in the new location their internalized normative models and their established preferences? To what degree, and under what conditions, is mobility a factor associated with increased erotic plasticity (Baumeister and Stillman, 2006)? Which elements of the available sexual subcultures are appropriated by migrants, and which ones resisted?
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Coronavirus and Migration: Analysis of Human Mobility and the Spread of COVID-19
Coronavirus and Migration: Analysis of Human Mobility
and the Spread of COVID-19
(Coronavirus and Migration: Analysis of Human Mobility
and the Spread of COVID-19)
- Author(s):Ibrahim Sirkeci, M. Murat Yüceşahin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Migration Studies
- Page Range:321-334
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Coronavirus; migration; Analysis of Human Mobility; Spread of COVID-19; covid; mobility; Turkey; Indonesia;
- Summary/Abstract:COVID-19 / 2019-nCoV or Coronavirus as commonly known, has probably been as terrifying as the Spanish Flu and Swine Flu (Jilani et al., 2019). We have written this article at a relatively early stage of the pandemic. Therefore, the number of cases and death toll were rising1 but not as shocking as these historic pandemics. However, still reactions, measures, as well as accompanying political discourses vary greatly across the world, while some countries are regionally locked down as was the case in Italy by 21st of February 20202, some others claim there is none or a few cases only as was the case in Turkey and Indonesia by 10th of March 2020.
- Price: 4.50 €