Les enjeux du développment économique, financier et écologique dans une mondialisation risquée. Actes du 60e Congrès de l’Association Internationale des Économistes de Langue Française
Challenges of economic, financial and ecological development in a risky globalization. Proceedings of the 60th Congress of the International Association of French Language Economists
Contributor(s): Krzysztof Malaga (Editor), Alain Redslob (Editor), Beata Woźniak-Jęchorek (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Agriculture, Energy and Environmental Studies, Governance, Labor relations, Environmental and Energy policy, International relations/trade, Financial Markets, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Business Ethics, Socio-Economic Research
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu
Keywords: globalisation;economic development;transformation;bank system;monetary system;budget policy;ecology;climat change;labour;business finance;managment;
Summary/Abstract: Proceedings of the 60th Congress of the International Association of French Language Economists. The volume contains 33 articles written by 47 French-speaking authors from around the world.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-7417-982-9
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-7417-981-2
- Page Count: 545
- Publication Year: 2018
- Language: English, French, Polish
De quelques bévues sur la mondialisation actuelle
De quelques bévues sur la mondialisation actuelle
(On some blunders about present globalization)
- Author(s):Alain Redslob
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, International relations/trade, Economic development
- Page Range:15-24
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:globalization;debt;money;Europe;development;climate;time;space;
- Summary/Abstract:Globalization is a fact, only a fact. If some economists consider it with too much indulgence, others run it down excessively. Anxious to remain far from so abrupt points of view, the following lines will evoke four topics of burning hot news because they conceal blunders as surreptitious as pernicious: debt, money, Europe, future.
L’explosion des inégalités sociales et le processus d’appauvrissement à l’Ouest
L’explosion des inégalités sociales et le processus d’appauvrissement à l’Ouest
(Explosion of social inequalities and impoverishment of Western populations)
- Author(s):Gérard Lafay
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Social differentiation, Family and social welfare, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:27-43
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:neoliberalism;firms;free-trade;globalism;internal devaluation;technological changes;finance;national sovereignty;
- Summary/Abstract:In the world, we observe since the 1980s an explosion of social inequalities as well as an impoverishment of middle and popular classes in the western countries. In order to remedy for this upsetting evolution, we must try to analysis its causes before to propose realistic solutions.
Les transformations politiques, économiques et sociales en Pologne durant les années 1989–2017. Bilan perspectives et nouveaux enjeux
Les transformations politiques, économiques et sociales en Pologne durant les années 1989–2017. Bilan perspectives et nouveaux enjeux
(Political, economic and social transformations in Poland during the years 1989–2017. Assessments and challenges)
- Author(s):Krzysztof Malaga
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economic policy, Government/Political systems, Social development, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:44-55
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:transition;market economy;economic freedom;economic growth;political changes;Poland;
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this article is to give an general overview of the political, economic and social changes in Poland between 1989 and 2017 and to identify the main short and medium term challenges for Poland. Its implementation will be based on indicators of transformations (Washington Heritage Foundation and Wall Street Journal), Economic Freedom (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) and economic growth (GDP and GDP p.c.). The analyzes presented in this article, in particular comparisons with France, Romania and the countries of the Visegrad group, show that this period of the history of the Third Republic in Poland can be compared to the glorious thirty of Western Europe. In conclusion, we note that the future development of Poland is mainly based on improving the quality of the institutional order, respect for the law and the principles of democracy.
Terrorisme et croissance économique en Afrique Centrale
Terrorisme et croissance économique en Afrique Centrale
(Terrorism and economic growth in Central Africa)
- Author(s):Roger A. Tsafack Nanfosso, Christian L. Nguena
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Studies in violence and power, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:59-76
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:terrorism;Africa;Economic growth;barbarity;Boko Haram
- Summary/Abstract:Since 2002, the countries of Central Africa have experienced shocks linked to the upsurge of terrorism in general and the Boko Haram sect in particular. These multiform shocks are not without consequences on economic activity and results. This article aims to analyze the impact of terrorism by focusing on the economic growth of the countries of the subregion. The international perception of terrorism is examined along with its characteristics in the subregion, highlighted by identifying the groups involved and documenting their activities. A methodology based on factual and econometric analysis is used to assess the real impact of terrorism on economic growth. The main result, which reveals a negative and significant relationship between the index of terrorism and economic growth, suggests that policies to fight and eradicate terrorism need to be developed and encouraged if we are to stay on course for economic growth economic and ensure the safety and well-being of the population.reveals a negative and significant relationship between the index of terrorism and economic growth, suggests that policies to fight and eradicate terrorism need to be developed and encouraged if we are to stay on course for economic growth economic and ensure the safety and well-being of the population.reveals a negative and significant relationship between the index of terrorism and economic growth, suggests that policies to fight and eradicate terrorism need to be developed and encouraged if we are to stay on course for economic growth economic and ensure the safety and well-being of the population.
Ouverture commerciale internationale et croissance économique dans la communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEEAO)
Ouverture commerciale internationale et croissance économique dans la communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEEAO)
(International trade openness and economic growth in the economic community of West African States (ECOWAS))
- Author(s):Abdoulaye Cisse
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, International relations/trade, Economic development
- Page Range:77-92
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:trade openness;economic growth;Neoclassical Model;Panel;ECOWAS/CÉDÉAO;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between trade openness and economic growth in ECOWAS countries using panel data over the period 1980–2013. The results from the estimates show that there is a long-term relationship between trade openness and economic growth, but that link is not linear over time. Moreover, the results clearly show a positive and significant effect of trade openness on the per capita income level of the ECOWAS countries. This effect is accompanied by a higher level of industrialization and investment for economies. However, ECOWAS countries could further exploit opportunities for sub-regional, regional and international opportunities related to external openness in order to intensify trade to achieve higher and higher levels of performance and economic sustainable and inclusive development. At the sub-regional and regional level, this means increasing the application of the TEC measures and continuing efforts to harmonize the tariff structure.
Optimum écotouristique dans le cadre de développement de l’économie de la connaissance « Cas de la région de Ouarzazate »
Optimum écotouristique dans le cadre de développement de l’économie de la connaissance « Cas de la région de Ouarzazate »
(Optimum ecotourism in the context of the development of the knowledge economy “Case of the region of Ouarzazate”)
- Author(s):Ismaili Moulay Youssef El Alaoui
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economic development, Tourism, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:93-106
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:ecotourism;heritage;optimum;sustainable development;new economy;
- Summary/Abstract:Technological change that alters the root sources of tourism demand also intervenes at the level of supply by altering the production functions of goods, services and functional systems. All these evolutions towards the society of knowledge push the tourists to show an increased sensitivity for the ecological balance and the quality of the environment. Problem: For the Ouarzazate region, it is legitimate to consider the existence of an optimum to reconcile the five key metaphors of ecotourism: valorization of environmental conservation, equitable contribution to Economic development, taking into account and responding to the needs of host communities, and generating a genuine and responsible new tourism experience. Objectives: Implement the various ecotouristic optimum indicators: environmental, human, economic, patrimonial and cultural, specific to the Ouarzazate region; Propose calculation methods to operationalize these indicators through an empirical study of the Ouarzazate region. Interest: Making ecotourism research strongly permeated by the knowledge economy and highly useful for sustainable development, which will undoubtedly facilitate the task of decision makers and guide their actions in the right direction.
Régionalisation avancée et équité territoriale au Maroc : proposition d’un modèle stochastique
Régionalisation avancée et équité territoriale au Maroc : proposition d’un modèle stochastique
(Advanced regionalization and territorial equity: proposition of a stochastic model)
- Author(s):Dikra El Maguiri, Abdelati Hakmaoui, Mostapha El Hachloufi
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Supranational / Global Economy, Economic policy, Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:107-122
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:regionalization;territorial equity;growth;speed of development;stochastic modeling;
- Summary/Abstract:The advanced regionalization considered in Morocco is based on a new philosophy whose main objective is to lay the foundations for a genuinely balanced territorialization of socio-economic development. It should be pointed out that, with this major area of territorial reform, the regional authorities have a wide of room of maneuver in order to be creative in terms of optimizing resources and attracting investment capital in order to improve Indicators of socio-economic development of their regions. In this research, we are asked about the relationship between territorial equity which highlights the strategy of advanced regionalization launched in Morocco and the socio-economic disparities between regions. We have tried to propose a stochastic model for these disparities between regions in terms of development speed.
Les IDE en Algérie : entre ouverture et protectionnisme
Les IDE en Algérie : entre ouverture et protectionnisme
(FDI in Algeria: between openness and protectionism)
- Author(s):Boualem Ammar Chebira
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, Government/Political systems, Economic development
- Page Range:123-137
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:FDI;development;investment;openness;protectionism;development plan;oil;
- Summary/Abstract:Development policies are based on the country’s resources, which often remain insufficient. They are also based on technological progress realized in the developed countries. Algeria has gone through several policies on the subject and has historically faced several difficulties in its economic policy. Based on a rentier economy, it attempted to diversify its revenues by investing in various sectors and using FDI. However, the attractiveness of FDI does not seem to match the country’s ambitions. Algeria has interesting economic potential, particularly in the hydrocarbon sector, but does not yet have the technologies necessary for its development. The use of external technologies and their financing through FDI is part of the country’s strategic thinking. Moreover, the country advocates, in an unfavorable institutional framework, a certain form of protectionism in view of the large profits generated by foreign firms that often escape the direct control of the State. It appears from this analysis that the country needs to carry out several reforms, mainly in the land sector and in the management of financial institutions, unsuited to the requirements of foreign partners.
Développement du transport et de la mobilité en Pologne : enjeux du développement durable
Développement du transport et de la mobilité en Pologne : enjeux du développement durable
(Development of transport and mobility in Poland as challenge of sustainable development)
- Author(s):Izabela Bergel
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:138-155
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:sustainable development;sustainable transport;sustainable mobility;
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to present idea of sustainable transport and its role in sustainable development in Poland. Sustainable transport refers to the broad subject of transport that is sustainable in senses of social, environmental and climate impacts. Sustainable development is a fundamental objective of European Union presented in the EU sustainable development strategy (EU SDS ). Sustainable transport is one of seven key challenges of EU SDS. Research on sustainable development indicators for Poland based on the EU set of sustainable development indicators is done as public statistics by Central Statistical Office(GUS)and published at 2011 and 2015. The goal of this paper is presentation of the indicators for transport and mobility. By analysing of these indicators we could measure the progress in realization goals of sustainable development in sector of transport. Author present also set of the measures for sustainable mobility adopted by Polish cities.
La théorie des zones monétaires optimales à l’épreuve des crises européennes récentes
La théorie des zones monétaires optimales à l’épreuve des crises européennes récentes
(OCA theory after the recent European economic crisis)
- Author(s):Bernard Landais
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Supranational / Global Economy, Economic development, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
- Page Range:159-173
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:OCA;economic crisis;eurozone;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper emphasize the 2008 economic crisis in Europe and try to jauge the convenience of the Optimal Currency Area Theory (OCA). First, among the the causes of this crisis one does not see the famous « assymetric chocks » but only the increasing path of desequilibria before the clash, worsened by the Monetary Union itself. Second, on the ajustment side, after the recession, there were some of the adjustment patterns described by the Theory. Nevertheless, they have not conducted the european economies to optimal situations both from the point of view of members (adhesion optimality) and of the entire group (admission optimality). We think that this two kinds of optimality must be validated in case of independant nations joining themselves in a Monetary Union. Morever, the national characteristics and the specificities of the external relationships of each country might be considered before building a monetary zone. The OCA Theory is very strongly challenged by the european crisis.
Vulnérabilités des banques dans la globalisation financière : le cas de la zone euro
Vulnérabilités des banques dans la globalisation financière : le cas de la zone euro
(The Vulnerabilities of banks in financial globalisation: the example of the Eurozone)
- Author(s):Marie-Françoise Delaite
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment
- Page Range:174-184
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:financial crisis;financial regulation;banks;
- Summary/Abstract:This article has two aims. 1. To identify the vulnerabilities of banks in the Eurozone. The weaknesses are analysed in the context of market’s speculation and overreaction. The structural weaknesses are also addressed. 2. To show the appropriate regulation illusion and the financial regulation authorities’ incapacity toward the bankers’ power.
Intégration des marchés financiers européens après le „Brexit”
Intégration des marchés financiers européens après le „Brexit”
(European financial market integration after Brexit)
- Author(s):Alina Szypulewska-Porczyńska
- Language:French
- Subject(s):EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Financial Markets
- Page Range:185-199
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Brexit;European Union;financial markets;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to identify the main determinants that will strengthen or weaken the negative impact of Brexit on the process of integrating the financial markets in the EU. First of all, it explains what integration of financial markets in the EU is and illustrates the current state of it. It elaborates both the de jure and the de facto situation. In this context, it shows the importance of the UK for the EU internal market regarding the provision of financial services in the conditions of the membership in the EU as well as under alternative modes of access to the EU internal market.
Les limites des politiques monétaires accommodantes : comment les dépasser
Les limites des politiques monétaires accommodantes :
comment les dépasser
(The Limits of quantitative easing monetary policies: how to overcome them?)
- Author(s):Albert Marouani
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Financial Markets, Public Finances
- Page Range:200-218
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:monetary policy;economic growth;heterodoxy;regulation;debt;central banking;money;public finance;
- Summary/Abstract:The Quantitative Easing Monetary Policies, implemented after the financial crisis of 2007–2008 were generally limited in their expected effects on growth, unemployment, inflation and exchange rates. Countries such as the USA, Great Britain and China, who were the most significantly ahead in heterodoxy by massively creating « new » money, obtained betterresults than those in the Euro zone, who could not create directly new currency, because of the rules laid down by the ECB. Based on this empirical observation, we analyse the theoretical foundations of Q.E monetary policies and show, contrary to generally accepted opinions, that the break away from monetarist orthodoxy and neo-liberal policies has not been complete. By adopting an institutionalist and regulationist point of view on money, we propose macroeconomic policies that could overcome the current economic crisis, while addressing the structural challenges of the energy transition and the digital economy.
Soixante-dix ans de franc CFA : quel bilan pour les 14 pays de la zone franc ?
Soixante-dix ans de franc CFA : quel bilan pour les 14 pays de la zone franc ?
(Seventy years of CFA franc: which assessment for the 14 countries of the area?)
- Author(s):Henri-Louis Vedie
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Financial Markets
- Page Range:219-228
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:monetary area;inflation;growth;balance of payment;debt;CFA franc zone;
- Summary/Abstract:For seventy years, CFA franc is the common currency of 14 africain countries. Beyond africain continent, CFA franc is also the currency of Comoro islands. If we compare economic performance of all countries, members of Economic and Monetary Union of West Africa (XOF) and members of Economic and Monetary Communauty of Central Africa (CEMA) we compare performance of the 14 CFA countries, but also performance of 11 others, often speaking english, but not having “franc CFA” or common currency. Analysis of all results, specially monetary results (inflation for exemple), confirm – overall– the theory of Robert Mundell, about monetary area. But analysis of the growth of all these 25 countries show also that the best results are for the 14 franc CFA countries and not for the 11 others, refusing common currency and/or franc CFA.
Les nouvelles transformations des activités bancaires à l’épreuve de la globalisation financière, instabilité et régulation
Les nouvelles transformations des activités bancaires à l’épreuve de la globalisation financière, instabilité et régulation
(The New transformations of banking activities to the test of financial globalization, instability and regulation)
- Author(s):Djamila Sbihi-Yaddaden, Chabha Bouzar
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Financial Markets
- Page Range:229-244
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:financial globalization;intermediation;risks;financial instability;regulation;banking system;
- Summary/Abstract:Banks are not static; they undergo more or less accelerated and important transformations according to the times. But it is above all in recent decades that they have seen an important step marked by the internationalization of the major banks, the extension of financial markets, the intensification of capital movements and the amplification of risks. The aim of the article is to attempt to question the level of interaction that may exist between the changes in banking activity linked to the phenomena of liberalization and globalization and the phenomenon of the instability of Banking and financial systems. It is also a question of highlighting the issue of regulation of the banking system in such a context.
Possibilités de financement de l’économie sociale en Bulgarie
Possibilités de financement de l’économie sociale en Bulgarie
(Funding opportunities for the social economy in Bulgaria)
- Author(s):Tsvetelina Marinova
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy
- Page Range:245-255
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:social economy;social entreprises;European funds;cooperative banks;social credit;
- Summary/Abstract:The difficulties to financing the social entreprises in Bulgaria have resulted from the nature of these organizations and the lack of legislative framework. The European funds, programmes and initiatives have become the major funding source for the social entreprises. At the same time the funding on national level remains limited. In this regard, the main goal of this paper is to analyse the financing opportunities and outline perspectives to finding new solutions.
Dépenses publiques, corruption et croissance économique dans les pays nord africains
Dépenses publiques, corruption et croissance économique dans les pays nord africains
(Public spending, corruption and economic growth in North African countries)
- Author(s):Amina Azmi, Jaouad Obad
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Public Finances, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
- Page Range:259-270
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:economic growth;corruption;government spending;panel;North African Countries;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to study the effect of the corruption on economic growth and the composition of government spending. For this purpose, a panel data model based on a sample of six countries in the region of North Africa was used during the period 2000–2014. After data analysis two important results were found. The first one confirms the existence of a negative effect between the corruption and economic growth, and the second shows that the corruption does not affect government spending.
L’évaluation des politiques publiques : un moyen pour la modernisation de l’administration et de l’économie dans les pays africains
L’évaluation des politiques publiques : un moyen pour la modernisation de l’administration et de l’économie dans les pays africains
(Evaluation of public policies: a means for modernizing the administration and economy in African countries)
- Author(s):Abdelaziz Cherabi, Imene Latreche
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Public Administration, Public Finances
- Page Range:271-279
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:public policies;institutionalization of evaluation;evaluation networks;MAEP;AfrEA;African countries;
- Summary/Abstract:The evaluation of a public policy aims to appreciate its effectiveness and efficiency, it is considered as an essential element of the modernization of public administration and good governance. Evaluation took extent in those recent years, guides and evaluation procedures are produced by UNDP; the World Bank; research and expertise centers for evaluation, networks, associations and government entities; National, regional, continental and international levels have been dedicated to evaluation around the world. By wanting to give more attention to public policy evaluation, the United Nations General Assembly designated officially 2015 as an international evaluation year, which is the year of transition from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Some African countries have succeeded in taking steps to institutionalize, disseminate the culture of evaluation and practice of evaluating public action, while in other countries the process is still in its embryonic stage. Some challenges remain, namely; recognition by the public power of the role of evaluation as an important lever for economic development, development of evaluative capacities and the creation of an enabling environment for the implementation of evaluation results.
Vers une TVA européenne plus efficace : étude préliminaire des principaux effets économiques des dernières réformes des taux de TVA dans l’UE, notamment en Espagne
Vers une TVA européenne plus efficace : étude préliminaire des principaux effets économiques des dernières réformes des taux de TVA dans l’UE, notamment en Espagne
(Towards an European VAT system more efficient: a preliminary study of the main economic effects of the last VAT rates reforms in the EU and in particular in Spain and the VAT rates future)
- Author(s):Isabel Vega Mocoroa
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
- Page Range:280-295
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:European VAT Action plan;tax reforms;VAT rates;economic effects;tax harmonization;
- Summary/Abstract:The last VAT reform proposed in the EU sets a more efficient and neutral VAT system with the introduction of a broaden base, as well as the implementation of new rules regarding VAT rates; all that without involving an erosion of VAT revenues. In general, the tax reforms settled in the framework of the economic crisis and the respect of the SGP are similar in the EU Member States; increasing VAT rates to raise the VAT revenue collection and to reduce the public debt. The aim of this article is to analyze the latest tax reforms regarding the VAT in Europe, in particular in Spain and to explain their principal effects. We study also, what it could happen, when the political budgetary measures will be the opposites: e.g. to reduce the VAT rates. The current VAT rules difficult to extend reduced-rate treatment to new areas, because laws have to be taken unanimously by the Council. As a result, it is necessary to review and set out new actions steering of the overhaul of the current EU VAT rate system.
L’efficacité douteuse de la TVA en France et Pologne. Dépenses fiscales, le bouc émissaire ?
L’efficacité douteuse de la TVA en France et Pologne. Dépenses fiscales, le bouc émissaire ?
(Undermined VAT performance in France and Poland. Are tax expenditures a scapegoat?)
- Author(s):Małgorzata Magdalena Hybka
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
- Page Range:296-318
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:collection efficiency;VAT;tax expenditures;France;Poland;
- Summary/Abstract:In the European Union Member States taxes on consumption represent an important part of budgetary revenue. According to the statistical data collected by Eurostat, nearly 17,6% of this revenue (7,1% of GDP) comes from the value added tax. The efficiency of this tax varies from one country to the other and is influenced by the macroeconomic, institutional and legal factors. Among the latest there are regulations concerning the tax expenditures. Multiple economists argue that tax expenditures are one of the main factors undermining VAT performance in certain European Union Member States. In France and in Poland VAT is the most significant source of financing for the State, nevertheless VAT efficiency ratio in these two countries is below the European Union average. The objective of this article is to evaluate the effect of VAT expenditures on the VAT revenue in France and in Poland. The first part of this article provides a general overview of the definitions of VAT expenditures and the methods of their estimation. The second compares indicators used to evaluate VAT efficiency in France and in Poland. Finally the article concludes by offering an analysis of costs and the structure of tax expenditures in these countries.
Changements climatiques et flux migratoires actuels et futurs : État des lieux et impacts dans le cas de l’Afrique
Changements climatiques et flux migratoires actuels et futurs : État des lieux et impacts dans le cas de l’Afrique
(Climate change and current and future migratory flows: current state and impacts in the case of Africa)
- Author(s):Matouk Belattaf
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental Geography, Migration Studies
- Page Range:321-336
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:climate change;migratory flows;environmental migration;Africa;
- Summary/Abstract:For a long time, attention was paid to migration flows generated by conflicts and economic and political reasons. But migration, for environmental or ecological reasons,is increasingly becoming more and more crescendo. In addition to natural disasters and disasters, globalization and climate change caused by human activities are increasing environmental change and degradation, and therefore associated migration. As a result, environmental migrations, with climate change and their effects, can be considered one of the major global concerns and a major issue in public policy in the current century.The most exposed regions – coastal areas and overcrowded deltas, island countries, Sahel – are pushing people to leave their places of life for more mature spaces. This jeopardizes food and water security, political and economic stability, livelihoods and landscapes. The paper will focus on the following five points: Environmental migrations: some characteristics; Natural and technological disasters and disasters; Impacts of Climate Change; The causes of hunger in the world and COP21 and COP22 as a solution?
Transition énergétique et financement vert : état des lieux et perspectives pour l’Afrique à la lumière des COP21 et COP22
Transition énergétique et financement vert : état des lieux et perspectives pour l’Afrique à la lumière des COP21 et COP22
(Energy transition and green finance: state of the art and prospects for Africa in the light of COP21 and COP22)
- Author(s):Matouk Belattaf, Sylia Belattaf
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental Geography, Environmental and Energy policy
- Page Range:337-355
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:energy transition;COP21;COP22;green finance;Africa;climate change;fossil fuels;
- Summary/Abstract:The energy transition relates to environmental and climate issues by focusing on global warming to consider the gradual emergence of fossil fuels and the development of renewable energies. Especially since energy is the main GHG emission source at the global level, which makes absolutely necessary the fight against climate change… Where we need to decarbonize the economy The last two international meetings – COP21 and COP22 – have set a goal of limiting global warming to less than + 2° C by the end of the century, which has materialized in the Agreement from Paris. For Africa and other developing countries, it is planned to finance the North for its benefit of USD 100 billion by 2020. In Marrakech, it is decided to catalyze the transition in Africa towards a green economy and to direct capital flows for efficient, sustainable and low-carbon infrastructure projects. The paper will try to highlight the energy transition in the world, its assessment and evolution by region, and green finance. Then focus on the state of play and prospects for Africa, in light of COP21 and COP22.
La croissance économique et l’environnement dans un contexte de changement climatique
La croissance économique et l’environnement dans un contexte de changement climatique
(Economic growth and the environment in a context of climate change)
- Author(s):Serge Magloire M’Boungou
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy, Economic development
- Page Range:356-367
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:economic growth;technological progress;environment;measures;incentives;intervention;
- Summary/Abstract:Globalization promotes the creation of wealth, but also social polarization in the North and South, while precipitating a degradation of the natural environment and jeopardizing sustainable development. This creation of wealth, namely economic growth, tends to increase the impact of human activities on the environment. In the absence of action, in the face of environmental challenges, there will be more consequences today than in the past. The objective of our reflection is to show that long-term economic growth is possible without compromising the environment that is seen here from an economic point of view. The question we have posed is whether long-term economic growth can continue while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The answer is yes for most economists who have studied the problem. It should be possible to reduce GHG emissions in several ways. The problem of climate change is clearly related to economic growth. The point of view of many environmental and natural resource economists is not whether or not there is growth in the medium to long term, but what content we want Economic growth, so that it generates less environmental damage and less social inequality.
Enjeux de croissance et risques écologiques : prospectives pour l’industrie aurifère en Guyane française
Enjeux de croissance et risques écologiques : prospectives pour l’industrie aurifère en Guyane française
(Growth stakes and ecological risks: prospecting for gold industry in French Guiana)
- Author(s):Paul Roselé Chim
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Environmental and Energy policy, Economic development
- Page Range:368-384
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:gold industry;economic growth;raw materials;investments;commodities;
- Summary/Abstract:Now, Gold industry presents greats opportunities of growth en development for the south LDC’s. It’s a labour industry it assures so high incomes by increasing dependence with the world market. However, various risks appear in the mondialisation movement of production factors on ecological context and financial growth. The aim of this paper is to show the gold growth stakes and the necessity to have well results on disequilibrium by investments for improving structures for throwing the development of the territories rich by gold.
Écologie et solidarité : aux sources d’un développement socio-économique innovant. L’exemple de la filière de retraitement textile
Écologie et solidarité : aux sources d’un développement socio-économique innovant. L’exemple de la filière de retraitement textile
(Ecology and solidarity as sources of innovative socio-economic development. The example of the textile reprocessing sector)
- Author(s):Daniel Goujon, Jacques Poisat
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economic development, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:385-394
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:solidarity economy;ecology;cooperation;territorial development;deliberation;innovation;
- Summary/Abstract:The structures of Social and Solidarity Economy play a major and innovative role in socio-economic development, in a way integrated in the territory and in line with the new global issues of sustainability. In France, the textile waste reprocessing sector provides a good example, with the particular case of the association “Le Tri d’Emma”, which was founded in the Roanne area in 2010 by Emmaus-France, around a sustainable development project. Such solidarity and citizenship initiatives open the way to a new theoretical framework that is an alternative to neoliberalism: “deliberalism”.
La problématique du chômage en Algérie
La problématique du chômage en Algérie
(The Problem of the unemployment in Algeria)
- Author(s):Omar Benia
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Labor relations
- Page Range:397-413
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Algeria;unemployed;structural adjustment program;tools;
- Summary/Abstract:Today, in Algeria the unemployment issue represents a major concern to the governing. The unemployment has bacame a real threat to any sustainable economic development. Indeed, the events of October 1988, which had leaded to a multiparty politicalsystem and the abandon of the oriented econolmy which was based on inward-oriented command system, conjugated with the drastic drop of the dollar and the price of crudeoil, there by the inability of Algeria to pay back its external debt (28 billions dollars) have constrained to sign a structural adjustment program (SAP), including a rescheduling of Algeria’s foreign debts but also a new vision of the economy policy. This had leaded to the closure of hudreds of firms in deficit resulted in a significanting crease of unemployment has being exceeded the matk of 30% (500 000 jobs loss between 1995–1998). In front of this situation, it had to implement so many tools in order to solve this problem and enhance the local wealth such as, National Agency for Support to Youth Employment (ANSEJ), National Investment Development Agency (ANDI), National Unemployment Insurance Fund (CNAC), National Agency of Microcredit (ANGEM). Our contribution tries to show in the first part, the dynamic and the nature of the unemployment in Algeria and then in the second part we’ll show the different mean simplemented. Finally we attempt to analyze the results and the dificiecies in order to draw lessons.
Attributs linguistiques et revenus de travail, Québec : cadre d’analyse, résultats pour 2010 et comparaison 1970–2010
Attributs linguistiques et revenus de travail, Québec : cadre d’analyse, résultats pour 2010 et comparaison 1970–2010
(Language skills and labour income, Québec: analytical framework, results for 2010 and a comparison 1970–2010)
- Author(s):François Vaillancourt, Marc-André Fontaine
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Labor relations
- Page Range:414-424
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:language ethnicity;human capital;earnings;Quebec;
- Summary/Abstract:This text presents how to treat language as an object of economic analysis, either as a currency or as a combination of ethnic attribute and human capital. This done we present unpublished results on the labour market returns to the linguistic attributes of men and women in Quebec in 2010. These results indicate that bilingualism pays more thanunilingualism for anglophones, francophones and allophones and that francophones are better paid in general than the other two language groups for a similar level of education and experience. The comparison between 1970 and 2010 shows an improvement in the socioeconomic status of French and Francophones between these two years. This is explained by migratory flows, an improvement in the schooling of francophones and growth in Francophone ownership of the Quebec economy.
La contribution de l’audit à la performance des établissements publics : cas des chambres de commerce
La contribution de l’audit à la performance des établissements publics : cas des chambres de commerce
(The Audit's contribution to the performance of public institutions: case of chambers of commerce)
- Author(s):Hicham Drissi, Mbarka El Ghazali
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
- Page Range:427-439
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:audit;streamlining of public spending;public spending;chamber of commerce;purchasing process;vendor evaluation;
- Summary/Abstract:This work will investigate on the existence of a correlation between internal audit and performance in a public administration. In this way, we begin by defining the two concepts: audit and internal audit, and bring these two disciplines to the public organization. Then, we will study the concept of performance, and how the audit will contribute to its realization. Thus, we will analyze the practical case of the Board of trade. We will try to apply the theoretical approach and especially responding to the question: How internal audit contributes to the performance and governance?
Entrepreneuriat Socialement Responsable : de l’innovation à la maîtrise du risque global
Entrepreneuriat Socialement Responsable : de l’innovation à la maîtrise du risque global
(Entrepreneurship socially responsible: from innovation to the global risk management)
- Author(s):Kaoutar El Yamani, Khalid Rouggani, Nabil Bouayad Amine
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Governance, Business Ethics
- Page Range:440-455
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:social entrepreneurship;social innovation;optimal development;global risk;governance;
- Summary/Abstract:Faced with globalization imperatives, a market economy shaken by increased crises, to new issues related to sustainable development, it’s high time to emerge reflections to rethink an economy more humanistic with a real social and environmental dimension that respond to the economic development requirements, to the humanity and to the planet problems. In this context, socially responsible entrepreneurship is an innovative model that makes it possible to integrate social and environmental aspects into its economic activities. This innovative voluntary approach of social and responsible entrepreneurship doesn’t deny the social, economic and ecological fundamentals; Thus helping creating social value in different fields (health, education, employment, finance, etc.). The will to control the overall socio-economic environment (internal and external) of a socially responsible company is based on the search for total control of all the risks that it can generate in its business, These risks are closely linked to the innovation process. The main objective of a social entrepreneur’s innovation is to bring about social change, which leads to real risk-taking, namely: determining the financing capacity of innovation, which is often costly, and its development, the innovative use of resources to explore and exploit opportunities which respond to a social need in a sustainable way. Hence social enterprise explicitly displays a mission of collective interest which involves the concerned stakeholders in order to analyze, share and control the various risks that may constitute a major obstacle to innovation, to communicate programs of development, of cooperation, of financing and of social and solidarity economy, contributing to the realization of social entrepreneurial projects, assisting them, accompanying them and ensuring their good governance and ensuring their sustainability. On the basis of theoretical reflections, the aim of this communication is to highlight the different approaches of social entrepreneurship concept through a literature relating to social innovation concept, and then to recognize the various risks closely linked to social innovation, in order to study how a socially responsible company can manage these risks and finally to analyze in a pluralistic manner the ways in which risks are shared among its stakeholders partners for an optimal development.
Les enjeux de l’écosystème entrepreneurial et son développement dans le contexte bulgare
Les enjeux de l’écosystème entrepreneurial et son
développement dans le contexte bulgare
(Challenges of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and its development in Bulgarian context)
- Author(s):Juliana Hadjitchoneva
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Government/Political systems
- Page Range:456-474
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:entrepreneurial ecosystem;entrepreneurship;business environment;start-ups;Bulgaria;
- Summary/Abstract:The theme of the article is related to the entrepreneurial ecosystem and its recent developments. The objectives of the communication are oriented towards the study of approaches of analysis of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and the discussion of the contemporary challenges to the entrepreneurship. Particular attention is paid to recent developments in the entrepreneurial ecosystem within the business environmental conditions of Bulgarian enterprises and the factors influencing them. On this basis, by applying descriptive quantitative and qualitative research methods, the study aims to establish a kind of up-to-date mapping of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Bulgaria.
Le contrôleur de gestion et la créeation de valeur dans l’entreprise Marocaine
Le contrôleur de gestion et la créeation de valeur dans l’entreprise Marocaine
(Management controller and value creation in Moroccan enterprise)
- Author(s):Hamza El Alaoui
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
- Page Range:475-487
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:management controller;value creation;organizational learning;performance indicators;
- Summary/Abstract:In this work, we seek to focus on the determinants that interfere in the implementation of a value creation approach, by exploring the temporal and spatial dimensions of its articulation, thus focusing on the role that the management control function can play in supporting this implementation process. We will try to answer the following questions: Do Moroccan companies place more importance on the approaches of setting up the creation of value? And what are the interacting determinants in promoting a culture of value creation within our sample of 50 companies.
Perception des produits de la pêche et de l’aquaculture en Pologne : approche exploratoire à travers le visionnage des programmes culinaires télévisuels
Perception des produits de la pêche et de l’aquaculture en Pologne : approche exploratoire à travers le visionnage
des programmes culinaires télévisuels
(Perception of seafood products in Poland: an explanatory approach through the viewing of culinary television programs)
- Author(s):Magdalena Raftowicz-Filipkiewicz, Bertrand Le Gallic, Myriam Nourry, Claudio Pirrone
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Marketing / Advertising
- Page Range:491-500
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:seafood products;fisheries;aquaculture;consumption;perception;
- Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the consumption of seafood products in the European Union. These products are coming from two distinct production systems, both particularly exposed to economic and environmental sustainability issues: the exploitation of natural renewable marine resources by the fishing industry and the aquaculture industry limited by spatial and environmental constraints. With a total trade flow of around 140 billion dollars in 2014, seafood products represent one of the most traded food commodities, beforehand key products such as coffee, sugar and cereals. In this context, culinary television programs could help promoting seafood products by enabling viewers to learn about new species and their cooking methods. The aim of this research is to identify the factors that might limit or develop the consumption of seafood products, as well as the potential influence of culinary television programs on consumption patterns.
Les dérives du supportérisme au Maroc
Les dérives du supportérisme au Maroc
(The Derivatives of supporterism in Morocco)
- Author(s):Abderrahim Rharib
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Security and defense, Crowd Psychology: Mass phenomena and political interactions, Studies in violence and power, Sports Studies, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:501-512
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:stadium;supporterism;violence;vandalism;law;solution;
- Summary/Abstract:The drift of supportism in Morocco: The drifts of the supportorism have become recurrent, through this article, we propose to synthesize the provisions of Law 09-09 which addresses violence and vandalism in stadiums to show the difficulties of its application, demonstrate the inadequacy of the police approach and make recommendations to make the show enjoyable again.
Abreviations
Abreviations
(Abbreviations)
- Contributor(s):Krzysztof Malaga (Editor), Alain Redslob (Editor), Beata Woźniak-Jęchorek (Editor)
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
- Page Range:513-514
- No. of Pages:2