Stosunki międzynarodowe na początku XXI wieku. Wybrane aspekty
International Relations at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Selected Aspects
Contributor(s): Katarzyna Czornik (Editor), Tomasz Okraska (Editor), Monika Szynol (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Political Sciences, Governance, International relations/trade, Geopolitics
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Keywords: international relations
Summary/Abstract: The first two decades of the 21st century were characterised by numerous determinants that strongly destabilise interstate relations, and even have a destructive influence on the shape of international relations in the regional (European, Middle East, African or Asian) and global dimension. The aim of this publication is to offer a broadly understood analysis of selected challenges, threats, and problems in foreign policy of selected European and non-European countries, both in bilateral and multilateral relations in the first and second decade of the 21st century. The studies concern, inter alia, the theoretical aspects of international relations, processes, and phenomena taking place in Europe at the beginning of the 21st century and trends in international relations appearing in other parts of the globe.
Series: Politologia i Ekonomia polityczna
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-226-3379-3
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-226-3374-8
- Page Count: 354
- Publication Year: 2017
- Language: Polish
Polityka zagraniczna państwa jako jedna z kategorii w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych. Wybrane aspekty
Polityka zagraniczna państwa jako jedna z kategorii w nauce o stosunkach międzynarodowych. Wybrane aspekty
(The foreign policy of the state as one of the categories in the science of international relations. Selected aspects)
- Author(s):Katarzyna Czornik
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:13-36
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:international relations; foreign policy; security
- Summary/Abstract:A country’s foreign policy serves as a definiens and stimulator of the country’s activity in the international environment. It is one of the fundamental concepts used in the studies of international relations as it refers to the activities of the state on the international arena and relations with other states as well as with non-state participants in international relations. While still in the 19th century the foreign policy of the country was treated very narrowly and identified exclusively with diplomacy, in the 20th and early 21st century the understanding of this concept was much broadened. Both in Polish and western science, many researchers in the field of international relations have thoroughly analysed and described the concept meticulously.It should, therefore, be pointed out that this article is purely theoretical in nature, and its aim is to attempt to synthesize and explain selected terms from the theoretical scope of international relations (a country’s foreign policy), which are commonly present in both Polish and western literature on the subject.
- Price: 4.50 €
Od integracji do stagnacji. Poszerzanie i pogłębianie integracji europejskiej w ramach Unii Europejskiej w XXI w.
Od integracji do stagnacji. Poszerzanie i pogłębianie integracji europejskiej w ramach Unii Europejskiej w XXI w.
(From integration to stagnation. The expanding and deepening of European integration within the European Union in the 21st century)
- Author(s):Monika Szynol
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:39-63
- No. of Pages:25
- Keywords:European Union; European integration; integration extending; integration deepening; multi-speed Europe
- Summary/Abstract:Founded in 1993, at the turn of the 20th century, the European Union faced two fundamental challenges: extending and deepening its integration. The aim of this article is to identify the main trends in both aforementioned processes influencing the European integration in the EU at the beginning of 21st century. Nevertheless, showing different pace of cooperation between the Member States (e.g. the economic and monetary union) is also important as well as analyzing the prospects for further collaboration in relation to the EU structures.
- Price: 4.50 €
Migracje z Bliskiego Wschodu i Afryki Północnej jako wyzwanie i zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa Europy Zachodniej
Migracje z Bliskiego Wschodu i Afryki Północnej jako wyzwanie i zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa Europy Zachodniej
(Migrations from the Middle East and North Africa as a challenge and a threat to the security of Western Europe)
- Author(s):Agata Sawicka
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:65-97
- No. of Pages:33
- Keywords:migration; security; refuge
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this article is to show the challenges and dangers Europe faces in connection with the migrant and refugee crisis and, resulting from it, a massive inflow of foreigners from the Near East and North Africa to its territory According to the author, the crisis constitutes a great threat to the European security, both politically and socially, involving its citizens directly. As far as the political issues go, the threats concern lessened cohesion and unanimity between the European Union countries and possible collapse of the Schengen Area. The main dangers for the citizens are connected with terrorist attacks and different acts of violence whose number has rapidly grown since migrants and refugees started coming to Europe on a massive scale. Criminal activity of those foreigners also causes a huge problem. It concerns sexual crimes committed against women or even children. Moreover, the migration crisis poses a threat to the cultural security of Europeans, who face an identity crisis nowadays, whereas the Arab culture seems to grow stronger. On the other hand, we have been experiencing an increasing influence of the radical and nationalisticorganizations opposing the culturally different foreigners. The migration conflict constitutes both a challenge and threat to the European security and its implications shall be described in this article.
- Price: 4.50 €
Wybrane przyczyny i implikacje kryzysu migracyjno-uchodźczego w skali globalnej
Wybrane przyczyny i implikacje kryzysu migracyjno-uchodźczego w skali globalnej
(Selected causes and implications of the migration and refugee crisis on a global scale)
- Author(s):Dominik Lelonek
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:99-124
- No. of Pages:26
- Keywords:migration and refugee crisis; Middle East; North Africa; European Union
- Summary/Abstract:From 2015 European, African and Middle East states are struggling with the migrant and refugee crisis, famously termed “refugee crisis” by the media. UNHCR statistics show that 65.3 mln people have been resettled. This implies that every 113th person in the world is a refugee. This situation – the result of many different factors – implies serious problems in domestic and foreign policy for the states on the international area. The influence of migrant and refugee crisis on international relations is considerable and will reverberate in history of 21st century.
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Strefa Schengen a zarządzanie kryzysowe Unii Europejskiej
Strefa Schengen a zarządzanie kryzysowe Unii Europejskiej
(The Schengen zone crisis management of the European Union)
- Author(s):Bożena Kalisz
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:125-141
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Schengen Area; European Union; crisis management
- Summary/Abstract:The establishment of the Schengen Area in 1985 was a significant achievement for Western European countries. The possibility of free movement of persons and goods across the internal borders of the countries that participate in the Schengen Agreement generated considerable benefits: economic, cultural, political and many more. Opening up of internal borders required strengthening of controls at the external borders of the European Union. Bearing in mind the effects of the current migrant crisis, we can come to the following conclusion: only by efficient and effective management of EU external borders can the legitimacy of the Schengen Area be confirmed. The EU countries should focus on more in-depth monitoring of migratory flows and feel democratic responsibility for the fate of Europe.
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Obszar euroatlantycki w strategii Federacji Rosyjskiej
Obszar euroatlantycki w strategii Federacji Rosyjskiej
(The Euro-Atlantic area in the strategy of the Russian Federation)
- Author(s):Borys Gawroński
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:143-158
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Russian Federation; North Atlantic Treaty; security
- Summary/Abstract:Since the collapse of the USSR, in relations between Moscow and the West, we have been able to distinguish periods of relative friendship and cooperation as well as times of tensions and divergences of interests. However, the current crisis, which has originated in the annexation of Crimea and the war in Donbas, resembles the time of the Cold War. The increase in defense spending, intensification of military maneuvers and improvement of combat capability across the border between Russia and Euro-Atlantic space are just some of the indicators of the current relations. Therefore, the Moscow strategy is worth analyzing in the context of further shaping of the relations with the Euro-Atlantic community. For this purpose, it will be appropriate to carry out the exegesis of the basic Russian strategic documents, and then to try to analyse them taking into account the real policy of the Kremlin.
- Price: 4.50 €
Federacja Rosyjska – potęga militarna czy fikcja
Federacja Rosyjska – potęga militarna czy fikcja
(The Russian Federation - the military power or fiction)
- Author(s):Eugeniusz Januła
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:159-179
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:the Russian Federation armed forces; modernization; budget
- Summary/Abstract:The armed forces of the Russian Federation pose again, like during the „cold war” powerful and effective body of international influence. Contemporary Russia vaguely forces the rest of the world to recognize its superpower role and subjectivity. Large-scale modernization and reform of the armed forces FR clearly indicate that Moscow has regained its long-standing role and everyone must reckoned with.
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Kierunki gruzińskiej polityki zagranicznej po wojnie rosyjsko-gruzińskiej w 2008 r.
Kierunki gruzińskiej polityki zagranicznej po wojnie rosyjsko-gruzińskiej w 2008 r.
(Directions of Georgian foreign policy after the Russo-Georgian war in 2008)
- Author(s):Sylwia Demedziuk
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:181-197
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:foreign policy; Russo-Georgian War; security
- Summary/Abstract:In his article, the author will focus on the analysis of Georgian foreign policy after the war in 2008. Especially on relations with NATO and the European Union. What will offer the background for the article will be the situation in Georgia since 1991, i.e. the moment when the country gained its independence.An analysis of the current literature on the subject allows us to draw the conclusion that thepresented pro-Western tendencies are certainly a result of many interrelated factors. Georgia is currently struggling with numerous problems, inter alia, high unemployment, weak currency and poor territorial integrity. In recent months, Georgian politics seems to have turned away from the Euro-Atlantic idea because of the lack of faith in the real possibility of joining the Alliance in the years ahead. On the other hand, the relations between Georgia and the European Union are strengthening, which confirms, for example, the signing of the 2014 Association Agreement. At present, the ruling political group in Georgia – the Georgian Dream – is also striving to warm relations with the Russian Federation. The paper will be based on the research carried out by the aforementioned experts and the author’s own studies.
- Price: 4.50 €
Podaytońska Bośnia i Hercegowina jako przykład niestabilności na Bałkanach – utrzymanie państwowości czy rozpad?
Podaytońska Bośnia i Hercegowina jako przykład niestabilności na Bałkanach – utrzymanie państwowości czy rozpad?
(Post Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina as an example of instability in the Balkans - is it the maintaining of the statehood or a disintegration?)
- Author(s):Dawid Pudło
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:199-215
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Bosnia and Herzegovina; Western Balkans; conflict; security
- Summary/Abstract:Bosnia and Herzegovina as a state with the regime imposed by the Dayton Agreement is ineffective and since 1996 any change and reform introduced there have been linked to the blockade of the Serbian side, which does not want any transformations. Also the establishment of political bodies after the Bosnia and Herzegovina elections lasts for several months, which is also a consequence of the Post-Dayton order. The aim of the article is to examine the functioning of the major state bodies under the Dayton Agreement in the 21st century as well as the impact the Agreement has had on relations with neighbors and foreign policy. The author of this article is attempting to analyze possible disintegration of Bosnia and Herzegovina, i.e. the outcome that is conceivable but not welcome by the international community.
- Price: 4.50 €
Nordyckie inwestycje w polskim sektorze energetycznym
Nordyckie inwestycje w polskim sektorze energetycznym
(Nordic investments in the Polish energy sector)
- Author(s):Jakub Siotor
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:217-232
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:energy sector; energy policy; European Union; Nordic countries
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this study is to show the attractiveness of Nordic investments in the Polish energy sector. Nowadays, the Polish power industry is facing a serious challenge connected with the implementation of European Union’s climate & energy package. Nordic energy companies, which are investing in Poland, offer a specific approach that meets the package standard, which creates an opportunity for the Polish energy sector to develop. The first part of the study focuses on current challenges in the Energy Policy of Poland. The second part describes the role of investments in modernization of energy sector. The third and last part contains the specification of current cooperation with Nordic companies.
- Price: 4.50 €
Zwalczanie przestępczości zorganizowanej jako jedna z form kooperacji państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej w XXI w.
Zwalczanie przestępczości zorganizowanej jako jedna z form kooperacji państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej w XXI w.
(Combating organized crime as one of the forms of the cooperation among the Visegrad Group countries in the 21st century)
- Author(s):Norbert Wilczyński
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:233-248
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:organised crime; Visegrád Group; security
- Summary/Abstract:The issue of security can be examined from many perspectives and considering many variables. It may be security in terms of internal state policy, international relations, economy, or with the focus mainly on energy. Depending on the author’s approach to the problem, his professional experience and interests, the output of the examination may be different. I would like to scrutinize the cooperation of the Visegrad Group countries in combating organized crime. Why the Visegrad Group? Firstly, it is not unimportant that cooperation with representatives of the Police among these countries attracts my particular interest and evokes very positive associations. Another reason is that we are connected by centuries of history as we have undergone a systemic transformation together. Do we need cooperation within our states, or do we need to use pan-European mechanisms? Could it be better to just exchange information and solve problems within your own country?
- Price: 4.50 €
Daleki Wschód w stosunkach międzynarodowych w XXI w.
Daleki Wschód w stosunkach międzynarodowych w XXI w.
(The Far East in the international relations in the 21st century)
- Author(s):Tomasz Okraska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:251-272
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Far East; PRC; security
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this paper is to show the role that the Far East region plays in global policy. The Far East is an area marked by great dynamics of change, which was particularly evident in the first and especially in the second decade of the 21st century. This region is of the utmost importance in the context of the evolution of the global international order, particularly in the context of the weakening of the West and the gradual departure from the unipolar model of the world system. The most important state in the Far East is the People’s Republic of China, playing an increasingly important role not only on the regional and supraregional scale but also global one. Beijing’s policy concerns all actors in the Far East, as well as actors from outside the region, with particular focus on the United States.
- Price: 4.50 €
Nowa Wielka Gra, rosyjsko-chińska rywalizacja w Azji Centralnej
Nowa Wielka Gra, rosyjsko-chińska rywalizacja w Azji Centralnej
(The New Great Game, Russian-Chinese rivalry in Central Asia)
- Author(s):Tomasz Waśkiel
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:273-292
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:superpower rivalry; Russian Federation; PRC
- Summary/Abstract:In the literature concerning the subject, the competition for influences in Central Asia is often referred to as “New Great Game.” The involvement in the region is demonstrated by a number of actors, but Russia and China seem to play a leading role nowadays. In the present text, the most important aspects of activities carried out by these two states have been analyzed from three perspectives: cultural, economic as well as political and military. Due to the historical heritage, Russia is definitely closer in terms of cultural closeness to the Central Asian states. At the economic level, there is a tendency to increase the Chinese interference; which, however, does not mean complete Chinese domination. On the other hand, in the political and military sphere, Russia still maintains its traditional influence tools.
- Price: 4.50 €
Indie – Bangladesz: rozwój stosunków bilateralnych w pierwszej dekadzie XXI w.
Indie – Bangladesz: rozwój stosunków bilateralnych w pierwszej dekadzie XXI w.
(India - Bangladesh: the development of the bilateral relations in the first decade of the 21st century)
- Author(s):Magdalena Cyran
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:293-308
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:India; Bangladesh; security; foreign policy
- Summary/Abstract:The beginnings of bilateral relations between India and Bangladesh date back to the founding of the autonomous state of Bangladesh. The area that was formerly part of Pakistan became a sovereign state in 1971. The relationship between India and Bangladesh has changed over the years and was determined by the internal policies pursued by the authorities in New Delhi and Dhaka as well as the international situation in the region. With the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a change in relations between India and Bangladesh. A significant shift in internal politics has taken place in both states that has largely influenced the interstate relations.
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Modernizacja Izraelskich Sił Obronnych w kontekście konfliktu izraelsko-palestyńskiego w XXI w.
Modernizacja Izraelskich Sił Obronnych w kontekście konfliktu izraelsko-palestyńskiego w XXI w.
(Modernization of Israeli Defense Forces in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the 21st century)
- Author(s):Bartosz Rogacz
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences
- Page Range:309-346
- No. of Pages:38
- Keywords:Israel; Israeli Defence Forces; Israeli-Palestinian conflict
- Summary/Abstract:The beginning of the 21st century is a period of dynamic development of military technology. The change in the perception of security and the emergence of new counter threats to which the armed forces are designated. Terrorism, cyberattacks, asymmetric conflicts and an increasing tension in international relations after the stabilization of the 1990s have left the armed forces out of stagnation resulting from the breakdown of the bipolar system. The army has always been the forerunner in the use of modern technology, which is particularly evident in the 21st century, where innovative solutions begin to replace the physical presence of a soldier on the battlefield. Israel is the state where these changes are most visible. Due to its geographical location and antagonisms with its neighbors, the country has to have strong armies, possible to get mobilized at a moments notice. The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) have put in place solutions aimed at combating specific hazards under typical conditions. The most important events of the 21st century that should be cited as those having a decisive impact on IDF’s development include: the Al-Aqsa Intifada suppression in 2000-2004, Second World War Lebanon’s Operation Between December 12 and August 14, 2006, Liquid Lead operations between December 27, 2018, and January 18, 2009, Operation Pillar Defense between 14 and 21 November 2012 and Operation Shoreline begun on July 8 and ended on August 26, year. Based on these operations, the Israeli Defense Forces have introduced a number of doctrinal solutions in the form of technical modernization plans and have deployed armaments to combat missions experienced in the field of combat. Based on the illustrated examples of military equipment, the author shows how these issues are implemented in practice. The doctrinal changes, new armaments and the modernization of the existing holdings show that IDF is moving away from heavy armor, to increase unit mobility, speed and accuracy, to respond to threats. The most important changes that took place in the IDF were the increasing share of unmanned platforms, increased ability to strike accurately and the increase in protective value of the armaments.
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