80-ČIAI METŲ UNO KAUNO GETO SUNAIKINIMO PRAĖJUS - KĄ ATSIMENAME, KO PASIMOKĖME?
80 YEARS AFTER THE DESTRUCTION OF THE KAUNAS GHETTO - WHAT DO WE REMEMBER, WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT?
Contributor(s): Lina Kasparaitė-Balaišė (Editor), Rita Vištartienė (Editor)
Subject(s): Gender Studies, Education, Jewish studies, Military history, Political history, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today), State/Government and Education, Studies in violence and power, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Politics of History/Memory, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
Published by: Kauno IX forto muziejus
Keywords: 20th century; WWII; Kaunas; Ghetto; Holocaust; Crimes; Testimonies; Persecution; refuges; Lithuania; Ukraine; newspaper reports; women; sexual violence; education;
Summary/Abstract: This edited volume brings together studies by eleven historians and researchers from Lithuania, the United States, Ukraine, Germany, and Israel, exploring key aspects of the Holocaust with a particular focus on Lithuania and the Kaunas Ghetto. The contributions combine case-based analyses of individual and local experiences with broader issues of historical memory. The articles are organized into three main thematic areas: the people and daily life of the Kaunas Ghetto, the historical memory of the Holocaust, and the fates affected by the Holocaust. Contributions focusing on the Kaunas Ghetto explore the role of art and photography, alongside the significance of material artifacts as witnesses to ghetto life. Other articles analyze changes in Lithuanian society’s understanding of the Holocaust and Jewish history from the restoration of independence to the present day, discuss models and new approaches to Holocaust education, and explore the political uses of World War II and Holocaust memory in contemporary contexts. Additionally, the volume investigates the fates of Jewish communities and individuals during and after the Holocaust, including deportation, survival, post-war justice, and representation in post-war narratives. Taken together, these articles offer new insights into the history of the Holocaust and its enduring impact on society, memory, and historical interpretation.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-609-95980-4-8
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-609-445-745-6
- Page Count: 350
- Publication Year: 2025
- Language: English, Lithuanian
KAUNO GETO KASDIENYBĖS VIZUALINĖS REPREZENTACIJOS: TIKROVĖ IR ATMINTIS
KAUNO GETO KASDIENYBĖS VIZUALINĖS REPREZENTACIJOS: TIKROVĖ IR ATMINTIS
(VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE KAUNAS GHETTO: REALITY AND MEMORY)
- Author(s):Giedrė Jankevičiūtė
- Language:Lithuanian
- Subject(s):Visual Arts, Political history, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust
- Page Range:11-22
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:art; artist; Holocaust; everyday life; Kaunas Ghetto; reality and memory; visual representations;
- Summary/Abstract:Straipsnyje pristatomo tyrimo atspirties taškas – Kauno gete įkalinto čekų dailininko Josefo Schlesingerio sukurta Kauno geto policininkų portretų galerija. Remiantis jos sukūrimo aplinkybių ir galimo taikymo hipotetine analize, išplečiamas klausimas apie dailės funkciją Kauno gete (paprastai apribojama tikrovės dokumentavimu geto tarybos užsakymu) ir geto tikrovę liudijančių artefaktų reikšmę. Straipsnyje aptariamas ne tik dailės gete poreikis, bet keliamas ir po Antrojo pasaulinio karo paviešintų ir iki šiol viešinamų artefaktų autentiškumo klausimas, parodoma, kaip konstruojant Šoa atminties, konkrečiai Kauno geto istorijos pasakojimą, greta originalų buvo pasitelkiami jų pakaitalai – fotoinscenizacijos, artefaktų replikos (kartotės) ir dizaino padirbiniai (geto tarnybų uniforminiai raiščiai). Ši aplinkybė Holokausto atminties tyrimų istoriografijoje iki šiol nebuvo gvildenta.
CVI HIRŠAS KADUŠINAS (GEORGE KADISH) – KAUNIETIS, KAUNO GETO METRAŠTININKAS
CVI HIRŠAS KADUŠINAS (GEORGE KADISH) – KAUNIETIS, KAUNO GETO METRAŠTININKAS
(ZVI HIRSH KADUSHIN (GEORGE KADISH) – A RESIDENT OF KAUNAS, CHRONICLER OF THE KAUNAS GHETTO)
- Author(s):Linas Venclauskas
- Language:Lithuanian
- Subject(s):Photography, Political history, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust
- Page Range:23-41
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Kaunas ghetto (1941-1944); George Kadish (Zvi Kadushin); Holocaust images; memory;
- Summary/Abstract:Straipsnyje analizuojamos Kauno geto kalinio ir fotografo Cvi Hiršo Kadušino (George’o Kadish’o) asmeninio gyvenimo detalės iki ir nacių okupacijos metu, atskleidžiami fotografijų darymo motyvai ir autoriaus siekti tikslai, įvertinamas lietuvių ir žydų santykių vaizdavimas analizuojant G. Kadish’o interviu.
„MOTERYS SAKO“: SEKSUALINIS SMURTAS KAUNO GETE
„MOTERYS SAKO“: SEKSUALINIS SMURTAS KAUNO GETE
(“THE WOMEN ARE SAYING”: SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN THE KAUNAS GHETTO)
- Author(s):Simon Goldberg
- Language:Lithuanian
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today), Studies in violence and power, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust
- Page Range:42-56
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Kaunas ghetto; sexual violence; gender; plunder; methodology;
- Summary/Abstract:Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami dabartiniai ir pokario meto liudijimai apie seksualinį ir seksualizuotą smurtą prieš žydų moteris Kauno gete. Straipsnyje siekiama nustatyti šio smurto formų tipus ir dokumentuoti tokio smurto poveikį jį išgyvenusioms moterims. Tuo pat metu, atidžiai analizuojant šaltinius, šiame tyrime nagrinėjami metodologiniai iššūkiai, kylantys tiriant sunkią moterų padėtį gete. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas kliūtims, kurias kelia netiesioginė ir neapibrėžta kalba, ilgai egzistavęs tabu, susijęs su seksualiniu smurtu, ir lyčių dinamika, būdinga karo meto įrašų tvarkymui. Ši dvilypė analizė pabrėžia būtinybę kritiškai integruoti moterų nuomonę į vokiečių okupuotos Lietuvos kasdienio gyvenimo istoriją.
HOLOKAUSTO ATMINTIS LIETUVOJE
HOLOKAUSTO ATMINTIS LIETUVOJE
(HOLOCAUST MEMORY IN LITHUANIA)
- Author(s):Alvydas Nikžentaitis
- Language:Lithuanian
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism
- Page Range:57-65
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Memory culture; historiography; Jewish history; Holocaust; Holocaust memory;
- Summary/Abstract:Straipsnyje analizuojama Lietuvos visuomenės požiūrio į Holokaustą ir žydų istoriją kaita po Nepriklausomybės atgavimo iki šių dienų. Analizės pabaigoje nurodomos problemos, ties kurių įveika būtina susikoncentruoti siekiant, kad pasiektas konsensusas visuomenėje įgautų stabilią formą.
HOLOKAUSTO ISTORIJOS EDUKACIJA: ĮPRASTI MODELIAI IR (AR) NAUJOS GALIMYBĖS
HOLOKAUSTO ISTORIJOS EDUKACIJA: ĮPRASTI MODELIAI IR (AR) NAUJOS GALIMYBĖS
(HOLOCAUST HISTORY EDUCATION: CONVENTIONAL MODELS AND/ OR NEW POSSIBILITIES)
- Author(s):Hektoras Vitkus
- Language:Lithuanian
- Subject(s):Education, Recent History (1900 till today), State/Government and Education, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust
- Page Range:66-81
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Holocaust history; education; Holocaust education models;
- Summary/Abstract:Šiame straipsnyje susitelkiama į Holokausto istorijos edukacijos, kaip visuomenės istorinių kompetencijų (žinių ir gebėjimų) ugdymo(si) sistemos, modelių apžvalgą ir tokiõs edukacijos naujas galimybes šiandieninėmis (geo)politinėmis ir (geo)kultūrinėmis sąlygomis.
BABYN JARAS PO BUČOS: RUSIJOS IR UKRAINOS KARAS IR HOLOKAUSTO ATMINTIS UKRAINOJE
BABYN JARAS PO BUČOS: RUSIJOS IR UKRAINOS KARAS IR HOLOKAUSTO ATMINTIS UKRAINOJE
(BABYN YAR AFTER BUCHA: THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN WAR AND THE MEMORY OF THE HOLOCAUST IN UKRAINE)
- Author(s):Yana Prymachenko
- Language:Lithuanian
- Subject(s):Military history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust, Politics of History/Memory
- Page Range:82-101
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Holocaust; Babyn Yar; Bucha; politics of memory; Russo-Ukrainian war; Russian historical propaganda; genocide;
- Summary/Abstract:Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamas Holokausto atminties vaidmuo Rusijos plataus masto karo prieš Ukrainą kontekste, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant simbolinei ir politinei Babyn Jaro reikšmei po Bučoje įvykdytų žiaurumų. Straipsnyje analizuojama, kaip Rusija Antrojo pasaulinio karo ir Holokausto palikimą naudoja kaip instrumentą, siekdama įteisinti savo agresiją, skleisti propagandą ir skatinti nacionalinės saviviktimizacijos (angl. self-victimization) naratyvą. Tyrime tai sugretinama su fragmentiška, tačiau besikeičiančia Ukrainos atminties politika, kurią formuoja ir pilietinė visuomenė, ir valstybės veikėjai. Remiantis instrumentalistine paradigma, straipsnyje pabrėžiama, kaip istorinė atmintis tapo strateginiu ištekliumi hibridiniame kare. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas nesutarimams, susijusiems su Babyn Jaro Holokausto memorialiniu centru, praeities ir dabarties tragedijų atminimo įamžinimo iššūkiams ir naujojo Rusijos atminties režimo globalioms pasekmėms. Galiausiai straipsnyje keliami neatidėliotini klausimai apie Holokausto atminimo ateitį geopolitinių neramumų metu.
„VI AHIN ZOL IKH GEYN“ [KUR AŠ EISIU]: POKARIO ŠIAULIŲ ŽYDŲ LIKIMAS
„VI AHIN ZOL IKH GEYN“ [KUR AŠ EISIU]: POKARIO ŠIAULIŲ ŽYDŲ LIKIMAS
(“VI AHIN ZOL IKH GEYN” [WHERE SHALL I GO]: THE POST-WAR FATE OF ŠIAULIAI JEWS)
- Author(s):Vadim Altskan
- Language:Lithuanian
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism
- Page Range:102-110
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Šiauliai Jews; Holocaust survivors; postwar Lithuania; Shavl Ghetto; Soviet occupation; Jewish repatriation; concentration camps; DP (displaced persons) camps; “Bricha” network;
- Summary/Abstract:Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama išgyvenusiųjų žydų iš Šiaulių (Lietuva) pokario meto patirtis po Šiaulių geto likvidavimo 1944 m. liepą. Remiantis archyviniais dokumentais, išgyvenusiųjų liudijimais ir atsiminimais, tiriami kontrastingi sprendimai, kuriuos priėmė tie, kurie grįžo į sovietų okupuotą Lietuvą, ir tie, kurie liko pokario Europos Vakarų regionuose. Tyrime išskiriamos trys pagrindinės išgyvenusiųjų kategorijos: deportuotieji į koncentracijos stovyklas, pabėgusieji, kurie slapstėsi Lietuvoje, ir evakuotieji į sovietų gilumą. Nagrinėjama repatriacijos motyvacija, priešiškas vietos bendruomenių ir sovietų valdžios institucijų priėmimas, su kuriuo susidūrė išgyvenusieji, bei ribotos pokario galimybės. Straipsnyje taip pat aptariamas sionistų inicijuotas emigracijos judėjimas, ypač „Brichos“ tinklo vaidmuo, ir pateikiamos atskirų išgyvenusiųjų istorijos kaip trumpos atvejų studijos. Galiausiai atskleidžiama, kaip geopolitinė tikrovė, traumos ir persekiojimas formavo Šiaulių žydų bendruomenės kelią po išsivadavimo.
„MŪSŲ DIENOS BUVO SUSKAIČIUOTOS“ VOKIŠKAI KALBANTYS ŽYDAI PO DEPORTACIJOS Į OKUPUOTĄ LATVIJĄ IR LIETUVĄ
„MŪSŲ DIENOS BUVO SUSKAIČIUOTOS“ VOKIŠKAI KALBANTYS ŽYDAI PO DEPORTACIJOS Į OKUPUOTĄ LATVIJĄ IR LIETUVĄ
(“OUR DAYS WERE NUMBERED” GERMAN-SPEAKING JEWS AFTER THEIR DEPORTATION TO OCCUPIED LATVIA AND LITHUANIA)
- Author(s):Andrea Löw
- Language:Lithuanian
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Recent History (1900 till today), Studies in violence and power, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:111-122
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Deportation; German Jews; Riga Ghetto;
- Summary/Abstract:Nuo 1941 m. rudens – žiemos nacionalsocialistai sistemingai deportavo žydus iš Vokietijos reicho „į rytus“. Tūkstančiai Vokietijos, Austrijos ir Čekijos žydų buvo deportuoti ne tik į okupuotą Lenkiją, bet ir į okupuotas Baltijos šalis. 1941 m. lapkritį į Kauną deportuoti žydai buvo sušaudyti netrukus po atvykimo į Devintąjį fortą, o tūkstančiai į Rygą deportuotų žydų bandė kaip nors susikurti naują gyvenimą žudynių ir smurto apsuptyje ir kovojo dėl išlikimo. Straipsnyje aprašomos deportacijos į Baltijos šalis ir tų asmenų, kurie nebuvo iš karto nužudyti, išgyvenimai ir reakcijos.
„KAS GALI LIKTI ABEJINGAS TOKIEMS VAIZDAMS – BLOGESNIEMS NEI NERONO DIENOMIS...“ – NE ŽYDŲ REAKCIJOS Į ANTIŽYDIŠKĄ POLITIKĄ OKUPUOTOSE SOVIETŲ TERITORIJOSE ANALIZĖ – KRYMO PUSIASALIO IR LIETUVOS ATVEJŲ PALYGINIMAS
„KAS GALI LIKTI ABEJINGAS TOKIEMS VAIZDAMS – BLOGESNIEMS NEI NERONO DIENOMIS...“ – NE ŽYDŲ REAKCIJOS Į ANTIŽYDIŠKĄ POLITIKĄ OKUPUOTOSE SOVIETŲ TERITORIJOSE ANALIZĖ – KRYMO PUSIASALIO IR LIETUVOS ATVEJŲ PALYGINIMAS
(“WHO CAN REMAIN INDIFFERENT TO SUCH SIGHTS – WORSE THAN THE DAYS OF NERO…”1 – AN ANALYSIS OF NON-JEWISH REACTIONS TO THE ANTI-JEWISH POLICY IN THE OCCUPIED SOVIET TERRITORIES – A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA AND THE LITHUANIAN CASES)
- Author(s):Masha Pollak-Rozenberg
- Language:Lithuanian
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:123-136
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Non-Jewish Jewish relations; Holocaust; Crimea; Lithuania;
- Summary/Abstract:Šiame tyrime nagrinėjamas Krymo ir Lietuvos ne žydų gyventojų požiūris į kaimynus žydus nacių okupacijos metais, išryškinant reikšmingus visuomenės reakcijos skirtumus. Analizė atskleidžia, kaip prieškario socialiniai, etniniai ir politiniai veiksniai lėmė skirtingą neveiklumą, pagalbą ar dalyvavimą persekiojant žydus šiuose regionuose, ir iliustruoja sudėtingą žmonių reakcijų mozaiką ekstremaliomis karo sąlygomis.
ANTROJO PASAULINIO KARO NUSIKALTĖLIŲ PERSEKIOJIMAS JUNGTINĖSE AMERIKOS VALSTIJOSE: LIETUVIŲ IŠEIVIJOS ATVEJIS
ANTROJO PASAULINIO KARO NUSIKALTĖLIŲ PERSEKIOJIMAS JUNGTINĖSE AMERIKOS VALSTIJOSE: LIETUVIŲ IŠEIVIJOS ATVEJIS
(PERSECUTION IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA OF CRIMINALS OF WORLD WAR II: THE CASE OF THE LITHUANIAN DIASPORA)
- Author(s):Justas Stončius
- Language:Lithuanian
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, History of Law, Criminal Law, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism, Court case
- Page Range:137-158
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:war criminals; persecution; denaturalisation; Lithuanian Americans; diaspora response; media; Office of Special Investigations (OSI);
- Summary/Abstract:7-ojo dešimtmečio pradžioje Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose vis labiau populiarėjant temai apie nacių ir jų kolaborantų nusikaltimus žmoniškumui, imta nerimauti, kad daugelis už juos atsakingų asmenų gyvena laisvėje. Straipsnyje analizuojami atvejai, kai tokiais nusikaltimais buvo įtariami JAV lietuviai, taip pat nagrinėjamos Šaltojo karo laikotarpiu vyravusios pagrindinių lietuvių egzilio organizacijų nuostatos dėl įtariamųjų persekiojimo.
INFORMACIJA APIE HOLOKAUSTĄ KAUNE LAIKRAŠTYJE „TARYBŲ LIETUVA“ 1944–1945 M.
INFORMACIJA APIE HOLOKAUSTĄ KAUNE LAIKRAŠTYJE „TARYBŲ LIETUVA“ 1944–1945 M.
(INFORMATION ABOUT THE HOLOCAUST IN KAUNAS IN THE NEWSPAPER TARYBŲ LIETUVA IN 1944–1945)
- Author(s):Modestas Kuodys
- Language:Lithuanian
- Subject(s):Media studies, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust
- Page Range:159-174
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Holocaust in Kaunas; Tarybų Lietuva; Kaunas ghetto; Ninth Fort;
- Summary/Abstract:Straipsnyje atskleidžiama, kiek ir kokios informacijos apie Holokaustą Kaune 1944–1945 m. skaitytojams pateikė vienas iš svarbiausių tuometinių respublikos laikraščių „Tarybų Lietuva“. Laikraštyje įvairių Holokausto epizodus mininčių straipsnių buvo publikuota kiek daugiau nei trys dešimtys. Tuo tarpu vien tik Kauno realijas atspindėjusių – keletas. Sovietinė spauda kurį laiką apie su Holokaustu susijusius Kauno gyvenimo epizodus, rašė labai nenuosekliai, neretai leisdamasi į akivaizdų dvilypumą. Šie aspektai aptariami šiame straipsnyje.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
(INTRODUCTION)
- Author(s):Lina Kasparaitė-Balaišė
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Recent History (1900 till today), History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism
- Page Range:177-177
- No. of Pages:1
- Keywords:Jews; Holocaust; Kaunas Ghetto; Introduction;
- Summary/Abstract:The Holocaust, as one of the darkest episodes in twentieth-century history, not only shaped human rights and moral discourses, but also left a vivid imprint on the memory of European nations. In this publication, the authors’ examination of Holocaust themes, with particular focus on the Kaunas Ghetto – a unique phenomenon – helps to highlight the complex social, cultural, and political Holocaust context encountered by Jewish communities during the Nazi occupation. The Kaunas Ghetto is not only a geographical location but also a kind of symbol of painful history that must be analysed to understand how mass murder affected the development of the entire country. In the articles presented in this volume, the authors analyse not only aspects of the Kaunas Ghetto but also the broader Holocaust context, including the experiences of other Nazi-occupied countries and features of Holocaust remembrance.
VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE KAUNAS GHETTO: REALITY AND MEMORY
VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE KAUNAS GHETTO: REALITY AND MEMORY
(VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE KAUNAS GHETTO: REALITY AND MEMORY)
- Author(s):Giedrė Jankevičiūtė
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Visual Arts, Political history, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust
- Page Range:179-192
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:art; artist; Holocaust; everyday life; Kaunas Ghetto; reality and memory; visual representations;
- Summary/Abstract:The point of departure for the study presented in this article is the portrait gallery of Kaunas Ghetto policemen created by the Czech artist Josef Schlesinger, who was imprisoned in the Kaunas Ghetto. Drawing upon a hypothetical analysis of the circumstances in which this gallery was produced and its potential applications, the article expands the discussion on the role of art in the Kaunas Ghetto (typically limited to documenting reality at the behest of the ghetto council) and on the significance of artefacts that bear witness to ghetto reality. The article addresses not only the need for artistic production in the ghetto, but also raises the issue of the authenticity of artefacts that were made public after the Second World War and continue to be publicised to this day. It demonstrates how, in constructing the narrative of Shoah memory, and specifically the history of the Kaunas Ghetto, substitutes for the originals were employed alongside authentic materials – photo-staged scenes, replicas of artefacts, and counterfeit design objects (such as armbands of ghetto services). This aspect has not hitherto been explored in the historiography of Holocaust memory research.
ZVI HIRSH KADUSHIN (GEORGE KADISH) – A RESIDENT OF KAUNAS, CHRONICLER OF THE KAUNAS GHETTO
ZVI HIRSH KADUSHIN (GEORGE KADISH) – A RESIDENT OF KAUNAS, CHRONICLER OF THE KAUNAS GHETTO
(ZVI HIRSH KADUSHIN (GEORGE KADISH) – A RESIDENT OF KAUNAS, CHRONICLER OF THE KAUNAS GHETTO)
- Author(s):Linas Venclauskas
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Photography, Political history, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust
- Page Range:193-212
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Kaunas ghetto (1941-1944); George Kadish (Zvi Kadushin); Holocaust images; memory;
- Summary/Abstract:This article analyses the personal life details of George Kadish, a prisoner and photographer of the Kaunas ghetto, before and during the Nazi occupation, revealing the motives for his photography and the goals he pursued, and evaluates the portrayal of Lithuanian-Jewish relations through the analysis of G. Kadish’s interviews.
“THE WOMEN ARE SAYING”: SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN THE KAUNAS GHETTO
“THE WOMEN ARE SAYING”: SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN THE KAUNAS GHETTO
(“THE WOMEN ARE SAYING”: SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN THE KAUNAS GHETTO)
- Author(s):Simon Goldberg
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today), Studies in violence and power, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust
- Page Range:213-227
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Kaunas ghetto; sexual violence; gender; plunder; methodology;
- Summary/Abstract:This article mines contemporaneous and postwar testimonies of sexual and sexualized violence against Jewish women in the Kaunas ghetto. It seeks to typologize the forms of that violence and document its impact on the women who survived it. At the same time, through a close reading of sources, this study explores the methodological challenges of researching the plight of women in the ghetto. It draws particular attention to the obstacles posed by indirect and indeterminate language, the longstanding taboo around sexual violence, and the gendered dynamics inherent to wartime record-keeping. This bifocal analysis underlines the need to critically integrate women’s voices into the history of everyday life in German-occupied Lithuania.
HOLOCAUST MEMORY IN LITHUANIA
HOLOCAUST MEMORY IN LITHUANIA
(HOLOCAUST MEMORY IN LITHUANIA)
- Author(s):Alvydas Nikžentaitis
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism
- Page Range:228-236
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Memory culture; historiography; Jewish history; Holocaust; Holocaust memory;
- Summary/Abstract:This article analyses the evolution of Lithuanian society’s view of the Holocaust and Jewish history from the re-establishment of independence to the present day. The conclusion identifies the challenges that must be addressed in order to ensure that the achieved societal consensus attains stable forms.
HOLOCAUST HISTORY EDUCATION: CONVENTIONAL MODELS AND/ OR NEW POSSIBILITIES
HOLOCAUST HISTORY EDUCATION: CONVENTIONAL MODELS AND/ OR NEW POSSIBILITIES
(HOLOCAUST HISTORY EDUCATION: CONVENTIONAL MODELS AND/ OR NEW POSSIBILITIES)
- Author(s):Hektoras Vitkus
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, Recent History (1900 till today), State/Government and Education, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust
- Page Range:237-252
- No. of Pages:26
- Keywords:Holocaust history; education; Holocaust education models;
- Summary/Abstract:This article focuses on an overview of models of Holocaust history education as a system for developing historical competencies (knowledge and skills) in society, and on new opportunities for such education in today’s (geo)political and (geo)cultural conditions.
BABYN YAR AFTER BUCHA: THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN WAR AND THE MEMORY OF THE HOLOCAUST IN UKRAINE
BABYN YAR AFTER BUCHA: THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN WAR AND THE MEMORY OF THE HOLOCAUST IN UKRAINE
(BABYN YAR AFTER BUCHA: THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN WAR AND THE MEMORY OF THE HOLOCAUST IN UKRAINE)
- Author(s):Yana Prymachenko
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Military history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust, Politics of History/Memory
- Page Range:253-272
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Holocaust; Babyn Yar; Bucha; politics of memory; Russo-Ukrainian war; Russian historical propaganda; genocide;
- Summary/Abstract:This article investigates the role of Holocaust memory in the context of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, focusing on the symbolic and political significance of Babyn Yar after the atrocities committed in Bucha. It analyzes how the Russian state instrumentalizes the legacy of the Second World War and the Holocaust to legitimize its aggression, disseminate propaganda, and promote a narrative of national self-victimization. The study contrasts this with Ukraine’s fragmented yet evolving memory policies, shaped by both civil society and state actors. Drawing on the instrumentalist paradigm, the article highlights how historical memory has become a strategic resource in hybrid warfare. Special attention is paid to the controversies surrounding the Babyn Yar Holocaust Memorial Center, the challenges of commemorating past and present tragedies, and the global implications of Russia’s new memory regime. Ultimately, the paper raises urgent questions about the future of Holocaust remembrance amid geopolitical upheaval.
“VI AHIN ZOL IKH GEYN” [WHERE SHALL I GO]: THE POST-WAR FATE OF ŠIAULIAI JEWS
“VI AHIN ZOL IKH GEYN” [WHERE SHALL I GO]: THE POST-WAR FATE OF ŠIAULIAI JEWS
(“VI AHIN ZOL IKH GEYN” [WHERE SHALL I GO]: THE POST-WAR FATE OF ŠIAULIAI JEWS)
- Author(s):Vadim Altskan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism
- Page Range:273-282
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Šiauliai Jews; Holocaust survivors; postwar Lithuania; Shavl Ghetto; Soviet occupation; Jewish repatriation; concentration camps; DP (displaced persons) camps; “Bricha” network;
- Summary/Abstract:This article explores the post-war experiences of Jewish survivors from Šiauliai, Lithuania, following the liquidation of the Shavl Ghetto in July 1944. Drawing from archival records, survivor testimonies, and memoirs, it investigates the contrasting decisions made by those who returned to Soviet-occupied Lithuania and those who remained in the Western zones of postwar Europe. The study identifies three main categories of survivors: deportees to concentration camps, escapees who hid in Lithuania, and evacuees to the Soviet interior. It examines the motivations behind repatriation, the hostile reception survivors faced from local communities and Soviet authorities, and the limited postwar options available. The article further discusses the Zionist-driven emigration movement, particularly the role of the Bricha network, and documents individual survivor stories as short case studies. Ultimately, it reveals how geopolitical realities, trauma, and persecution shaped the post-liberation trajectories of Šiauliai’s Jewish community.
“OUR DAYS WERE NUMBERED” GERMAN-SPEAKING JEWS AFTER THEIR DEPORTATION TO OCCUPIED LATVIA AND LITHUANIA
“OUR DAYS WERE NUMBERED” GERMAN-SPEAKING JEWS AFTER THEIR DEPORTATION TO OCCUPIED LATVIA AND LITHUANIA
(“OUR DAYS WERE NUMBERED” GERMAN-SPEAKING JEWS AFTER THEIR DEPORTATION TO OCCUPIED LATVIA AND LITHUANIA)
- Author(s):Andrea Löw
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Political history, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism, Asylum, Refugees, Migration as Policy-fields
- Page Range:283-295
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Deportation; German Jews; Riga Ghetto;
- Summary/Abstract:From the fall/winter of 1941, the National Socialists systematically deported Jews from the German Reich “to the East”. Thousands of German, Austrian and Czech Jews were deported to occupied Poland, but also to the occupied Baltic states. While those who were deported to Kaunas in November 1941 were shot shortly after their arrival in the Ninth Fort, thousands of Jews deported to Riga tried to somehow make a new life for themselves in the midst of murder and violence and fought for their survival. The article describes the deportations to the Baltic states and the experiences and reactions of those who were not immediately murdered.
“WHO CAN REMAIN INDIFFERENT TO SUCH SIGHTS – WORSE THAN THE DAYS OF NERO…”1 – AN ANALYSIS OF NON-JEWISH REACTIONS TO THE ANTI-JEWISH POLICY IN THE OCCUPIED SOVIET TERRITORIES – A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA AND THE LITHUANIAN CASES
“WHO CAN REMAIN INDIFFERENT TO SUCH SIGHTS – WORSE THAN THE DAYS OF NERO…”1 – AN ANALYSIS OF NON-JEWISH REACTIONS TO THE ANTI-JEWISH POLICY IN THE OCCUPIED SOVIET TERRITORIES – A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA AND THE LITHUANIAN CASES
(“WHO CAN REMAIN INDIFFERENT TO SUCH SIGHTS – WORSE THAN THE DAYS OF NERO…”1 – AN ANALYSIS OF NON-JEWISH REACTIONS TO THE ANTI-JEWISH POLICY IN THE OCCUPIED SOVIET TERRITORIES – A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA AND THE LITHUANIAN CASES)
- Author(s):Masha Pollak-Rozenberg
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism, Inter-Ethnic Relations
- Page Range:296-310
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Non-Jewish Jewish relations; Holocaust; Crimea; Lithuania;
- Summary/Abstract:This study explores the attitudes of non-Jewish populations in Crimea and Lithuania towards their Jewish neighbors during the Nazi occupation, highlighting significant differences in societal responses. The analysis underscores how pre-war social, ethnic, and political factors influenced varying degrees of inaction, assistance, or participation in the persecution of Jews across these regions, illustrating the complex mosaic of human responses in extreme wartime conditions.
PERSECUTION IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA OF CRIMINALS OF WORLD WAR II: THE CASE OF THE LITHUANIAN DIASPORA
PERSECUTION IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA OF CRIMINALS OF WORLD WAR II: THE CASE OF THE LITHUANIAN DIASPORA
(PERSECUTION IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA OF CRIMINALS OF WORLD WAR II: THE CASE OF THE LITHUANIAN DIASPORA)
- Author(s):Justas Stončius
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, History of Law, Criminal Law, Special Historiographies:, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism, Court case
- Page Range:311-333
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:war criminals; persecution; denaturalisation; Lithuanian Americans; diaspora response; media; Office of Special Investigations (OSI);
- Summary/Abstract:In the early 1970s, as the topic of crimes of Nazis and collaborators against humanity grew increasingly popular in the United States of America, concerns arose that many of those responsible were still at large. This article analyses cases in which Lithuanians in the USA were suspected of such crimes and also examines the attitudes prevailing during the Cold War among the main Lithuanian exile organisations regarding the persecution of suspects.
INFORMATION ABOUT THE HOLOCAUST IN KAUNAS IN THE NEWSPAPER TARYBŲ LIETUVA IN 1944–1945
INFORMATION ABOUT THE HOLOCAUST IN KAUNAS IN THE NEWSPAPER TARYBŲ LIETUVA IN 1944–1945
(INFORMATION ABOUT THE HOLOCAUST IN KAUNAS IN THE NEWSPAPER TARYBŲ LIETUVA IN 1944–1945)
- Author(s):Modestas Kuodys
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Jewish studies, Media studies, Political history, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today), WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), History of the Holocaust, History of Antisemitism
- Page Range:334-350
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Holocaust in Kaunas; Tarybų Lietuva; Kaunas ghetto; Ninth Fort;
- Summary/Abstract:The article reveals how much and what kind of information about the Holocaust in Kaunas in 1944– 1945 was provided to readers by one of the most important newspapers in the former Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic at the time, Tarybų Lietuva. The newspaper published just over thirty articles mentioning various episodes of the Holocaust. However, only a few of them reflected Kaunas-specific realities. For some time, the Soviet press wrote about episodes related to the Holocaust in Kaunas very inconsistently, often engaging in obvious ambivalence. These aspects are addressed in this article.
