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Women scholars and scientists in society Cover Image

Naučnice u društvu
Women scholars and scientists in society

Contributor(s): Mladena Prelić (Editor), Lada Stevanović (Editor), Miroslava Lukić Krstanović (Editor)
Subject(s): Gender Studies, Sociology, Gender history
Published by: Етнографски институт САНУ
Keywords: Women scholars; Women scientists; Serbia; gender equality
Summary/Abstract: The thread that connects the works in the first unit is the efforts of female researchers not only to take their place in the academic world and society as a whole, but also the fact that no achievement in this sense is final or won forever. This is exactly what Dragana Popović warns about in a lecture dedicated to women who have worked in the natural sciences, which opened the meeting. Namely, the position of a scientist, as well as the position of any woman in society, is a consequence of tough social mechanisms that are imbued with patriarchy, which is why often even the efforts made to achieve gender equality exist on a nominal level, and in practice remain unfulfilled. Marijana Pajvančić wrote about the position of women in science, and about the discrepancy that exists in relation to the already adopted laws and strategic documents on gender equality in this field.

  • Print-ISBN-13: 978-86-7587-106-4
  • Page Count: 456
  • Publication Year: 2020
  • Language: Serbian
Borba za osvojeno: istraživačice u prirodnim naukama

Borba za osvojeno: istraživačice u prirodnim naukama
(The Struggle for the Achieved: Women Researchers in the Natural Sciences)

  • Author(s):Dragana Popović
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies
  • Page Range:19-27
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:natural sciences; women scientists; gender; physics; positions of power.
  • Summary/Abstract:The four-thousand-year long history of (natural) sciences includes the names of numerous women – innovators and researchers, but until the early 20th century they are mostly mentioned and remembered as the companions of fathers, brothers or husbands on their scientifi journey. In this region, where the only, sadly short, history of science is insufficiently and fragmentedly researched, the issues of the contributions and position of women in science, and the position of science in society from the aspect of gender have only been opened up to discussion over the last three decades. One reason for this, apart from the lack of available data, is the complexity of this issue, which, aside from the gender and class aspect, includes a review of the value of science in society, which has undergone dramatic changes during the 20th and early 21st centuries. An aggravating circumstance is certainly the lack of interest and “closedness” of scientific circles, especially in the so-called hard disciplines, such as physics. A statistical approach oft en gives the wrong picture, as the percentage representation of women in certain disciplines does not necessarily mean they are present in prestigious areas of research, in positions of power and decision-making, in the highest scientific institutions, in the lists of the most important scientific awards. New questions are being raised today, primarily whether, in the new system which evaluates knowledge as a commodity, the position of women in science has deteriorated, both globally and in this region. Or perhaps this new system has opened new doors?
Rodna ravnopravnost u nauci – jednake mogućnosti i posebne mere

Rodna ravnopravnost u nauci – jednake mogućnosti i posebne mere
(Gender Equality in Science – Equal Opportunities and Special Measures)

  • Author(s):Marijana Pajvančić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology
  • Page Range:29-39
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:gender equality; equal opportunities; special measures; genderbased discrimination; science; women scientists and scholars
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper explores the sources that define public policies as well as those that set the legal framework within which equal opportunities for women and men to exercise their rights on equal terms exist (or do not exist), including the right to engage in scientific work. Strategic documents in the fields of education, science, gender equality and non-discrimination, and regulations that positivise public policies are the focus of attention. The question that is being investigated is whether the basic legal preconditions for women and men to have equal opportunities to engage in scientific work, have been put in place in Serbia. The Constitution of Serbia guarantees the equality of women and men and obliges the State to pursue a policy of equal opportunities and take special measures in order to achieve gender equality in practice. Our question is whether the State is fulfilling this constitutional obligation, whether it is pursuing a policy of equal opportunities in science, whether it is taking special measures to close the gender gap, whether the measures that are being taken are sufficient and what their effects are.
Feministička teorija i praksa: (dis)kontinuirano prevazilaženje granica

Feministička teorija i praksa: (dis)kontinuirano prevazilaženje granica
(Feminist Theory and Practice: (Dis)Continuous Transcendence)

  • Author(s):Jelena Petrović
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology
  • Page Range:41-50
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:(post) Yugoslav feminism; anti-nationalism; historical (dis) continuity; women’s authorship; women’s issues
  • Summary/Abstract:The position of women in society and public attention has never been unambiguously determined purely by their work and achievements, but has always required much more than that, whether in individual or collective experiences of dealing with the ever-present patriarchal reality. In this paper I wish to point out some repetitive patterns of the exclusion, denial and repression of women in public spheres, primarily in the context of their social and political struggle, but also in the continuous theoretical and practical work to make this struggle visible in the field of engaged knowledge production. From a personal and feminist viewpoint on education and works on these topics, I wish to highlight how boundaries have been overcome and exceeded in (post) Yugoslav society, pointing out the mistakes and misconceptions frequently faced by the supporters of feminist theory and practice.
„Patriotkinje, domaćice, majke i lepotice“: trivijalizacija vesti o naučnicama u Srbiji

„Patriotkinje, domaćice, majke i lepotice“: trivijalizacija vesti o naučnicama u Srbiji
(“Patriots, Housewives, Mothers and Beauties”: The Trivialisation of News about Female Academics in Serbia)

  • Author(s):Sanja Lazarević Radak
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology
  • Page Range:51-56
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:female academics; media; discourse; trivialisation; gender roles
  • Summary/Abstract:Insights into newspaper articles, television shows and websites confirm the presence of gender stereotypes and procedures for the discursive “normalisation” of women academics in Serbia. The stories that the Serbian media run about female academics were analysed on the basis of the concept of “other news” presented by John Langer in his book Tabloid Television. Female scholars become visible at times when that visibility contributes to the maintenance of power structures, while three criteria – the use of patriotic discourse, aesthetics and compliance with traditionally understood gender roles – determine their representation in the media. Drawing readers’ attention to “trivia” or side news, such as that concerned with women academics, enables the reproduction of existing political, social and gender structures
Moć, umrežavanje i prakse otpora rodnom režimu u polјu naučnoistraživačkog rada

Moć, umrežavanje i prakse otpora rodnom režimu u polјu naučnoistraživačkog rada
(Power, Networking and Practices of Resistance to the Gender Regime in the Field of Academic Research)

  • Author(s):Tatjana Rosić Ilić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology
  • Page Range:57-72
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:female academics; networking; gender; neoliberal market of academic research; symbolic capital; visibility; exile; precariat; ageism; resistance practices
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper analyses the networking process as one that is key for the creation and increase of symbolic capital, as well as for the realisation of the social visibility and influence of women’s academic work. The difficulties of the networking of women academics in the neoliberal 21st century labour market are analysed: exile and migration, the precariat, as well as the generation gap and ageism. These problems show that modern academia has become a highly competitive neoliberal field of mutual competition in which the process of female academic networking is conditioned by the laws of the neoliberal labour market. The paper highlights the necessity of renewing feminist history and resisting silent strategies of (re)programming women’s knowledge networks: strategies designed to re-obstruct the hard-won social visibility and influence of women’s academic work.
Rodna perspektiva u nastavi na Univerzitetu u Beogradu

Rodna perspektiva u nastavi na Univerzitetu u Beogradu
(Gender Perspective in the Courses at Belgrade University)

  • Author(s):Gordana Daša Duhaček, Milica Miražić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology
  • Page Range:73-87
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:TARGET; Gender Equality Plan; female academics; academic educational content; gender studies
  • Summary/Abstract:As part of the TARGET (Taking a Reflexive Approach to Gender Equality for Institutional Transformation) project, the University of Belgrade adopted a Plan for Achieving Gender Equality in 2019. The initial assumptions for formulating this plan were to collect and present data that provided a statistically accurate overview of both student and teacher populations from a gender equality perspective. These data are valuable and the University of Belgrade will continue the quantitative representation of the position of women in its academic institutions. However, in order to achieve gender equality, it is important to go one step further than increasing the number of women in higher education. Throughout the history of the struggle for their rights, when women have demanded the right to education, this right has implied not only that they have free access to education, but also that they are able to analyse systematically and review the educational content that they, as well as their male colleagues, adopt. In this respect, academic educational content is of particular importance. Its critical rethinking has been one of the goals of establishing academic programmes for women’s studies, or gender studies, around the world. The paper presents the content of the programmes of the University of Belgrade, considering whether, to what extent, and in which manner, courses and programmes in the field of women’s studies and gender studies are represented. In addition, the paper also discusses the ways in which these programmes have been institutionalised within the University of Belgrade, and which non-institutional programmes have had a significant role in this still ongoing process.
Intra-family Engagement? A Study of Female Academic Staff at the University of Belgrade

Intra-family Engagement? A Study of Female Academic Staff at the University of Belgrade
(Intra-family Engagement? A Study of Female Academic Staff at the University of Belgrade)

  • Author(s):Jelena Ćeriman, Irena Fiket
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology
  • Page Range:89-98
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:academics; patriarchal norms; engagement; family; science and higher education
  • Summary/Abstract:According to the results of various studies, women remain responsible for most household duties. This distribution is also reflected in the position of women in academia, since the family-dominant model tends to be reproduced within the academic community as well. This imbalance is reflected in the distribution of “lower rank” jobs in academia, and the shifting of most responsibilities for such jobs to women, leaving men with more time to pursue academic work. This situation, originating in the issue of family responsibilities, actually raises academic questions. The analysis in the paper is based on empirical insights from a 2017 survey conducted among academic staff at the University of Belgrade, and focuses on the following question: what factors lead to engagements within the family which seek to change patriarchal patterns as expressed in the unequal distribution of domestic and family care work, and which indirectly affect the distribution of responsibilities between men and women in the academic sphere?
Da li rod umanjuje karijerne potencijale žena u akademskoj profesiji? Studija slučaja polja visokog obrazovanja u Srbiji

Da li rod umanjuje karijerne potencijale žena u akademskoj profesiji? Studija slučaja polja visokog obrazovanja u Srbiji
(Does Gender Impair Women’s Careers Prospects in Academic Profession? The Case Study of Higher Education in Serbia)

  • Author(s):Isidora Jarić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology
  • Page Range:99-110
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:gender; women; women scientists and scholars; academic profession; higher education; Serbia
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper examines the impact of gender on career prospects within the academic profession. The analysis is based on several different types of empirical data: (1) official statistics, (2) relevant researches on the position of women in science and the various problems they deal with, and (3) testimonials with biographical elements of renowned women scientists (including their own autobiographies, biographies, interviews, articles…). In the paper is made an attempt to interpret data from official statistics related to the representation of women within the field of higher education (including data of the representation of female students, as well as graduates of different levels of study, female employees in the positions of associates and teachers) and perceived matrix in gender distribution in contemporary and historical perspective, with the help of discursive analysis. The discursive analysis situates these data in a concrete social and historical, local and global, context and shows that gender imbalance in the historical perspective within the academic field decreases, especially in positions that generate less social power (such as student and associate positions), while in positions that generate higher levels of social power (such as teacher) gender inequalities distribution is still retained, true to a reduced extent. Based on available researches and testimonials the analysis mapping and analyzing spots of tension in: (a) societal (related to the broader social and cultural context), (b) systemic (related to higher education) and (c) individual plan, which preclude the establishment of an academic climate that will not further generate and perpetuate the matrix of gender inequalities.
Ažinova škola poezije: konstrukcija istorije i budućnost druge linije

Ažinova škola poezije: konstrukcija istorije i budućnost druge linije
(AŽIN’s School of Poetry: The Construction of History and the Future of the Second Line)

  • Author(s):Dubravka Đurić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Theory of Literature
  • Page Range:113-119
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:self-reflexivity; AŽIN’s school of poetry; historicisation of poetry; poetic experiment; second line
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper considers AŽIN’s school of poetry as a specific historicisation illustrating two significant levels. The first level refers to the realisation of a creative community of female authors who, through their practice, developed an engaged poetic discourse in the context of feminist institutions in the 1990s. This discourse arises from the belief that poetry is a specific field of knowledge within which it is possible to develop self-reflexive writing positions. The result of that effort is the hybridisation of poetic procedures in mixing poetry and theory, and work on the formal aspects of the poem. On the second level, in the process of a new historicisation of experimental poetry, I will place their practice in the context of the second line (to use Ješa Denegri’s term). The discontinuities of experimental poetic practice as a specific female practice in a historical perspective are revealed. At the same time, a question about the future of the poetic experiment in the local context arises. Th is narrative will reveal the struggles within a marginal field such as poetry to define poetic practice as a theory of practice.
Žene u astrofizici

Žene u astrofizici
(Women in Astrophysics)

  • Author(s):Olga Atanacković
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology
  • Page Range:121-130
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:women in science; history of science; astrophysics
  • Summary/Abstract:The first part of the paper will be dedicated to women who have made significant contributions to the development of astrophysics in the world from the end of the 19th century to the present, as well as their position in science and society. The second part will describe the beginnings of the development of astrophysics in our country and offer short biographies of the first female professors at the University of Belgrade, who laid the foundations of university teaching in this field and significantly influenced its promotion and popularisation in society. Finally, the representation of women at all levels of astronomy and astrophysics studies throughout the five decades that astrophysics has been taught at the University of Belgrade will be discussed, along with their most important achievements in science, education and society in general.
Zastupljenost žena u STEM naukama: oblast matematike u periodu od 1980-ih do 2010-ih godina

Zastupljenost žena u STEM naukama: oblast matematike u periodu od 1980-ih do 2010-ih godina
(Representation of Women in the Field of STEM Sciences: Mathematics from 1980s to 2010s)

  • Author(s):Senka Gavranov, Aleksandra Izgarjan, Slobodanka Markov
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology
  • Page Range:131-140
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:gender equality; representation; female mathematicians; STEM sciences
  • Summary/Abstract:The article discusses engagement of women in the field of mathematics from 1980s to 2010s. So far, a number of studies has pointed to the disproportionate numbers of men and women in the field of STEM sciences (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics), particularly mathematics. Our research focused on analysis whether and to what extent the following factors affect the success of women in the field of mathematics: family environment; education; professional development, academic obligations and private life; family obligations and (dis)satisfaction of women with their career choices.
Strategije akterki feminističke jurisprudencije

Strategije akterki feminističke jurisprudencije
(The Strategies of Feminist Jurists)

  • Author(s):Zorica Mršević
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology
  • Page Range:141-153
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:feminist jurisprudence; female law professors; female researchers; legal practice; social justice; gender based violence; gender equality
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper indicates that the gradual increase in the number of women professors and researchers in the academic field of legal studies has contributed to the formation of a critical mass of feminist-oriented legal theorists, who have brought jurisprudence and feminism together. Jurisprudence, the science or philosophy of law, like the whole of legal scholarship until the second half of the 20th century – given the almost complete absence of women legal theorists – has had no points of contact with feminism, which advocates the promotion of women’s rights and roles in society. It is only women law professors, legal scholars and researchers who have created a connection with the theory and practice of feminism, which, arising from the equality of women and men, seeks social change in order to end social, legal, political and economic discrimination against women. The starting point is the fact that women in society have a traditionally maintained disadvantage, which can be altered by systematic changes in the legal domain of activities that make women’s problems specific and visible, recognised and adequately evaluated, by identifying violence against women and indicating discrimination against and the unequal treatment of women. Feminist jurists are shaping their activities on the academic, theoretical and political left , open to and focused on equality and human rights. At this meeting point of jurisprudence as merely a seemingly neutral legal theory and very openly engaged feminism, practitioners from the field of legal academia articulate feminist jurisprudence as an academic critical analysis of legal theory, legislation, and their procedural and institutional applications as essentially patriarchal institutions. Accordingly, feminist jurists seek to reflect critically on the legal position of women in an effort to improve it. Feminist jurists find their true academic ally in left -wing critical jurisprudence, articulating common arguments for social justice and equality, advocating the need to sanction sexism, misogyny, genderbased violence, hate speech and crimes, xenophobia, homophobia, Islamophobia and anti-Semitism.
Vrednovanјe ženskog stvaralaštva i kritičkog doprinosa žena u nauci o književnosti

Vrednovanјe ženskog stvaralaštva i kritičkog doprinosa žena u nauci o književnosti
(Evaluation of Women’s Writing and Criticism in Literary Studies Today)

  • Author(s):Vladislava Gordić Petković
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Studies of Literature, Theory of Literature
  • Page Range:155-161
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:women’s literature; value; literary canon; evaluation; literary studies
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the categorization of female literary tradition within the history of Serbian literary criticism, in which the most prominent position is either taken by or atributed to Isidora Sekulić. The evaluation of her contribution to Serbian literary canon is often reduced to celebrating her unique taste and style, which are unjustly constructed as inherently feminine. The term “literary canon” refers to literary works that are considered the most important of a particular time, period or place. The addition of women writers to the canon implies they should meet the standards generally applied to male authors, but feminists criticized such concept, suggesting alternative readings of canonical texts or even developing a counter-canon. Since Elaine Showalter offered a new perspective of women’s literary history with the term “gynocriticism”, the new critical practice has explored the creativity of women with an ambition to fight against the shortcomings of the male-oriented literary canon. Wishing to reshape Anglophone literary heritage, Showalter focuses on marginalized and neglected women writers, and advocates the intention to study the production of women’s writing in relation to female experience and gender roles.
Istorijska antropologija žena na Balkanu: metodologija i škola Svetlane Slapšak

Istorijska antropologija žena na Balkanu: metodologija i škola Svetlane Slapšak
(The Historical Anthropology of Balkan Women: Svetlana Slapšak’s Methodology and School)

  • Author(s):Lada Stevanović
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Gender Studies
  • Page Range:163-170
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Balkan women; anthropology; history; Svetlana Slapšak; methodology
  • Summary/Abstract:The importance of studying women’s history, and the social role of women throughout history, is indisputable and, over the years, these topics have received particular attention in the context of women’s and gender studies. The invisibility of women has been so great throughout history that, by pointing to this problem, many questions have been raised not only in historiography, but in various humanities. The need for new methodologies has emerged because existing epistemological tools were either insufficient or inadequate for topics that they had never before considered. In this paper the methodology of the historical anthropology of Balkan women, developed by Svetlana Slapšak from the research practices of the French School of Anthropology of the Ancient World, to which Slapšak herself belongs, will be introduced. An important methodological feature of this school is that, in the study of historical anthropology, it freely combines approaches, theories and disciplines, opening space not only for a new methodology and a more careful reconstruction of the historical context, but also for new topics, such as researching the marginalised – women, children, slaves, foreigners, etc. Focusing on this, Slapšak has developed a methodology for the historical anthropology of Balkan women, primarily aimed at recognising and reconstructing women’s voices throughout history – both of those women who left their mark (although unrecorded in the chronicles and canons) and of anonymous actors whose voices were constantly muted. One of the possibilities of studying the invisibility of women and the inaudibility of the female voice is provided by myth – not, of course, as a historical source, but as a story that always carries within itself the dominant values of society.
Angažovanje na etnografskom terenu: pozicioniranje, identiteti i aktivnosti

Angažovanje na etnografskom terenu: pozicioniranje, identiteti i aktivnosti
(Engaging in the Field: Multiple Positions, Identities and Actions)

  • Author(s):Magdalena Sztandara
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Gender Studies, Sociology
  • Page Range:171-180
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:militant ethnography; activism; engagement; feminist ethnography
  • Summary/Abstract:Among anthropologists in Poland, the notion of “engagement” still raises some incomprehensible concern. There are probably many factors behind it. On the one hand, the positivist model of science, which dominated for quite a long time, caused many researchers to argue that they were “objective” in their endeavors. On the other hand, the “idle talk” concerning engagement seems to be based on the tactic of separating “proper” and “wrong” forms of engagement. “Wrong” implies here “politically engaged social activity” and thus is transformed into “activism, which means the loss of critical distance, enabling understanding”. Namely, the “proper” engagement turns out to be one that simply involves conducting ethnographic fieldwork. Yet, anthropology is always engaged, thus the question should not be “whether or why we should engage”, but rather “how to do it”? In this paper, based on a long-term ethnographic fieldwork, I focus on the possibilities and traps of feminist ethnography in the context of positionality, engaged feminist research and activism. To clarify the problematic position of the researcher, I propose to examine the methodological approach, which Jeffrey Juris describes as “militant ethnography”. This is a method of studying social movements and activism from within, which includes adopting many identities and roles and constantly moving between supportive actions and internal critique, as well as belonging and distance.
Da li u antropologiji postoje ženske teme? Prilog kritičkoj istoriji discipline

Da li u antropologiji postoje ženske teme? Prilog kritičkoj istoriji discipline
(Does Anthropology Have Female Themes?)

  • Author(s):Aleksandra Pavićević
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Gender Studies, Sociology
  • Page Range:181-189
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:themes; humanities; ethnology/anthropology; death studies; female writing
  • Summary/Abstract:In this paper, the author will endeavor to offer a reflection on the choice of topics that women and men in anthropology deal with. In literary criticism we often hear of “women’s writing”. The author suggests that such a thing exists in anthropology, as well as in other humanities. One of the topics within the history of ethnology that now seems to belong almost exclusively to women is the theme of death. This gender inequality in dealing with the anthropology of death is confirmed by the international conferences in which the author has participated. Is the way of choosing a topic connected with gender/sex, and is it societal or “natural” predispositions that affect the selection, not just of themes but also of professions in academia? Some figures and statistics as well as some norms will be presented, however any final conclusions will be avoided.
Centar za rodne studije Univerziteta u Novom Sadu: doktorske studije

Centar za rodne studije Univerziteta u Novom Sadu: doktorske studije
(The Centre for Gender Studies in the University of Novi Sad: Doctoral Studies)

  • Author(s):Svenka Savić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology, Higher Education , State/Government and Education
  • Page Range:191-209
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Keywords:Centre for Gender Studies UNS; inequality; curriculum; changes
  • Summary/Abstract:The Centre for Gender Studies was founded at the University of Novi Sad in the academic year 2003/04 within the Association of Centres for Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies and Research (ACIMSI), which is directly administered by the Rectorate of the University of Novi Sad, not by any of its faculties. The aim of the foundation was the promotion of gender studies within interdisciplinary studies as a new form of knowledge that could be a driving force for change in society, as part of changing the awareness of the pre-existing unequal position of women in relation to men, in Serbia and beyond. Over the 15 years of its existence so far (up to 2020), it has been the only program of gender studies in Serbia that had the levels of PhD, master, magister and specialistic programs. Forty different female lecturers and several male lecturers have taken part in the teaching, while over 200 professors have been involved in reading, commenting on and criticising papers as committees during the defence of works (on average three people per committee), at the same time learning more about gender studies, and gender in relation to other academic disciplines. The students and teachers have been drawn from different Yugoslav centres, so this programme may be considered regional. In the paper, I present the basic information about the development of the Centre for Gender Studies in the University of Novi Sad, the plan and the programme, the difficulties that we have encountered and make some suggestions for changing the current situation.
Does Gender Matter? Current Academic and Public Discourses in Bulgaria

Does Gender Matter? Current Academic and Public Discourses in Bulgaria
(Does Gender Matter? Current Academic and Public Discourses in Bulgaria)

  • Author(s):Ana Luleva
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Education, Sociology, Higher Education
  • Page Range:213-219
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:gender; gender studies; anti-gender campaign
  • Summary/Abstract:After the collapse of the communist regime in Bulgaria, the issue of gender equality disappeared from the public discourse. It was considered by the mainstream political parties that the equality between men and women was achieved, and that the struggle for it was unimportant and even destructive for the “normal” gender order. The rejection and insensitivity to gender issues escalated and resulted in many aggressive anti-gender campaigns. Nowadays the (neo)traditionalist discourse dominates the publicity and directs the social policies regarding women and family. Two important documents – the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence and the National Strategy for the Child 2019–2030 − were withdrawn after disinformation and anti-gender campaigns. The aspirations of the conservative neo-traditionalist influencers are directed also to the academia, university curricula and school education. The paper explores the current situation in Bulgarian academia regarding gender studies and the position of women scholars in the context of the public discourses about gender and family.
What Can Women Do: Making the Hidden Women’s Culture Visible

What Can Women Do: Making the Hidden Women’s Culture Visible
(What Can Women Do: Making the Hidden Women’s Culture Visible)

  • Author(s):Mirjana Prošić-Dvornić
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Cultural history, Sociology, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Sociology of Culture
  • Page Range:221-232
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:women anthropologists; revealing women’s cultures; dynamics created at the meeting point of history and biography.
  • Summary/Abstract:This article presents a small selected number of women anthropologists who have left their mark in the development of the discipline in the 20th century. They pursued different research agendas, followed different career paths, or remained “silent partners” working with their husband anthropologists, faced different historic circumstances in which they could realize their goals, but always left a contribution that only their gender could have done.
Gender Equality at Research and Higher Education Institutions in Sweden and Strategies for Achieving Equal Opportunities

Gender Equality at Research and Higher Education Institutions in Sweden and Strategies for Achieving Equal Opportunities
(Gender Equality at Research and Higher Education Institutions in Sweden and Strategies for Achieving Equal Opportunities)

  • Author(s):Vladana Vukojević
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Education, Sociology, Higher Education
  • Page Range:233-251
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Keywords:gender equality; education institutions; discrimination; preconceived opinions; “kvotering”
  • Summary/Abstract:Sweden is among the most developed and research intensive countries. It is also regarded to be one of the world’s most gender equal countries. However, certain facts prove that female professionals in Sweden face discrimination and preconceived opinions as in the rest of the world. In this paper I present a brief account on gender equality development in Sweden, the challenges that Swedish female professionals meet and give examples of how they work to eradicate the gender equality gap and achieve equal opportunities for themselves and the generations to come.
Žensko pitanje, obrazovanje i jugoslovenska država u revolucionarnom periodu 1942–1953

Žensko pitanje, obrazovanje i jugoslovenska država u revolucionarnom periodu 1942–1953
(The Women’s Issue, Education, and the Yugoslav State in the Revolutionary Period, 1942–1953)

  • Author(s):Jelena Batinić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Gender Studies, Sociology, Gender history
  • Page Range:255-264
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:revolution; “women’s issue”; women’s education; modernisation; gender equality; Women’s Antifascist Front (AFŽ); gender policies
  • Summary/Abstract:During the war and in the early post-war years, the Yugoslav Communist leadership introduced a series of socio-economic and cultural programmes aimed at transforming society and building a new socialist nation. Addressing the so-called “women’s issue” was an integral part of this groundbreaking project, and women’s education was seen as key to integrating them into the new order. Focusing on the formative period of the socialist state (1942–1955) and the rapid modernisation that characterised it, the paper analyses measures to educate women, create new intelligence, and overcome gender inequalities. Special attention was given to the activities and female activists of the Women’s Antifascist Front, an organisation tasked with working to eliminate illiteracy and raise political awareness among women. In the closing comments of the paper, the author discusses the achievements of the revolutionary gender policy, as well as of the gender policy of Yugoslav socialism in general.
Socijalistička učiteljica – novo lice roda

Socijalistička učiteljica – novo lice roda
(The Female Socialist Teacher – The New Face of Gender)

  • Author(s):Sanja Petrović Todosijević
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Gender Studies, Cultural history, Sociology, Gender history, School education, State/Government and Education
  • Page Range:265-272
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:female teachers; “new school”; policy on education and upbringing; girls; mothers; solidarity; patriarchal society
  • Summary/Abstract:The political decision to reform the entire school system in Yugoslavia, along with the decision to reform the primary school system as one of its component parts, was taken at the Fifth KPJ (Communist Party of Yugoslavia) Congress at the Third Plenum of the CK-KPJ (Central Committee – Communist Party of Yugoslavia) in December 1949. The reform of the primary school system conducted in Yugoslavia (and thus in Serbia) in the period from 1949 until 1958 (which actually began in 1953) when the General Law on Schools introduced a unified eight-grade primary school system across the country, was a framework for the implementation of new policies on education and upbringing. Starting from the legislator’s belief that “the new school” could not be built unless the whole community took responsibility for it, education policies and upbringing moved from the school to the streets for the first time. One of the key roles in establishing new policies on education and upbringing, but also in building a modern school system, was entrusted to the men and women who taught in it. The cultural transformation of society could not be imagined without the contribution of the teachers who were important not only in raising awareness of the importance of attending school and gaining an education, but also in the environments where they worked: their role was as a “lighthouse”, intended to bring the entire community together in the process of enlightenment. The “exit” of the teacher from school, their positioning in the public space, in a predominantly agrarian society, particularly exposed the women who devoted themselves to the teacher’s vocation to great challenges. The role of “female leaders” in small communities, expected to set an example for others through their behaviour, placed many female teachers at the heart of the challenges and demands of patriarchal society. In the course of doing their work, the female teacher adapted to, yet also changed that society. The presence of women “teachers” in small and conservative environments was particularly important for empowering two social groups: girls and mothers. Others were given a particularly important role in the process of establishing the new policy on education and upbringing, even though one in five of the mothers of children afected by the reform was illiterate when the reforms of 1953–1958 began. The solidarity that was established among women has especially contributed to the greater visibility of women in society and their empowerment in the further course of the education and upbringing process.
Socijalizam i feminizam na Istoku: neobični slučaj Jugoslavije

Socijalizam i feminizam na Istoku: neobični slučaj Jugoslavije
(The Unusual Case of Yugoslav Feminism: Feminism and Socialism in the East)

  • Author(s):Adriana Zaharijević
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Gender Studies, Sociology, Gender history
  • Page Range:273-282
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Eastern bloc; feminism; emancipation; periodicals; socialism
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper starts from the well-established assumption that there was no feminism in the Socialist Eastern Bloc. Taking the “Comrade Woman” conference (1978), which was most definitely a unique event, as a starting point, the paper will follow the ideas of emancipation and liberation in the way they are articulated in academic and literary periodicals, from “Comrade Woman” up to the late 1980s. The written material is grouped into three sections, according to how the “women’s issue” is treated. Re-reading these texts will help us understand whether feminism had a place in the dominant socialist discourse of the time, or whether it was treated as a mere import from the West. The thesis that will be represented is that the Yugoslav case is truly “unusual”, since it was the only country where feminism developed out of socialism, in the constant negotiation of “Western” definitions and socialist reality.
Feminističke studije periodike u Institutu za književnost i umetnost

Feminističke studije periodike u Institutu za književnost i umetnost
(Feminist Periodical Studies at the Institute for Literature and Arts)

  • Author(s):Stanislava Barać
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Gender Studies, Cultural history, Sociology, Gender history
  • Page Range:283-291
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:feminist studies of periodicals; Slobodanka Peković; Institute for Literature and Arts.
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper aims to show how female scholars employed by the Institute for Literature and Arts have, over several generations, shaped and consolidated the humanities (sub)discipline of feminist periodical studies. Slobodanka Peković had a pioneering but also medial role in the process, so her work (from the mid-1970s to the present) on researching women’s literary heritage and literary magazines is highlighted. The paper recognises Slobodanka Peković’s research as one of the connection points of the processes which began in the wake of the foundation (1969) and development of an institute project specialising in the study of (the history of Serbian literary) periodicals, and the gradual stabilisation of feminist approaches in the Yugoslav and Serbian academic humanities (and thus at the Institute and at the Faculty of Philology at Belgrade University). The rejection by the Academic Council of the Institute of her project proposal Women and Literature – The Presence and Contribution of Women Writers in Recent Serbian Literature (submitted in the late 70s), based on 19th century periodicals, therefore has illustrative significance. T e paper will briefly introduce further research into women’s and feminist periodicals, unhindered since the beginning of the 21st century, at the Institute and at the Faculty of Philology, and the merging of these two academic streams around 2010, as well as current activities and results in this field. The role of the policies of the Ministry of Science in Serbia from 2000 onwards, as well as specific staffing at the Institute for Literature and Arts, in conditioning and facilitating this developmental outcome of feminist periodical studies – from individual efforts to organised team ventures – will thereby be explained.
Savremeno proučavanje feminističkih časopisa: Ženski pokret (1920–1938)

Savremeno proučavanje feminističkih časopisa: Ženski pokret (1920–1938)
(A Contemporary Study of Feminist Magazines: Women’s Movement (1920–1938))

  • Author(s):Jelena Milinković
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Gender Studies, Cultural history, Sociology, Gender history
  • Page Range:293-299
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Women’s Movement magazine; Women’s Movement 2020 Working Group; feminist journals; periodical studies; digital humanities
  • Summary/Abstract:Women’s Movement magazine (1920–1938) was the first and longest-running Yugoslav feminist magazine. The study of this journal provides general insights into the history of the feminist movement in Serbia / Yugoslavia, as well as the particular problems that plagued feminists in the first half of the 20th century. In addition to the primary aspect of activism, which gathers together one segment of the “meaning” of this magazine, since it was established as a newsletter of the Society for the Enlightenment of Woman and Protection of Her Rights, at another level, the magazine also provides information on the position of women as public workers / editors / writers / academics. From a contemporary perspective, it is possible to see a number of similarities and analogies with the current position of women in activities such as publishing, humanities, education, etc. The hundredth anniversary of the founding of this journal (2020), along with strong tendencies of social repatriarchalisation, not only motivated the conversation about the magazine itself and the remembrance of its contributions, but also turned out to be an opportunity to organise several activities, such as the development of a bibliography and the digitalisation of the magazine, alongside the organisation of an international conference. These activities are being carried out within the framework of the Women’s Movement 2020 Working Group, under the auspices of the periodical study project at the Belgrade Institute for Literature and Arts. The aim of this paper is to show how the study of material from the past produces contemporary feminist knowledge, and how this knowledge is positioned in the current academic environment and becomes its constituent element. As a complex and multidisciplinary activity, the project covers different areas: librarianship, IT sector, science, education, social activism. The paper will therefore also introduce the inter-institutional, multidisciplinary and inter-professional network of female associates necessary for comprehensive academic achievements and results, that is, the importance of the feminist principle of solidarity and co-operation in contemporary humanities will be emphasised.
Centar za ženske studije između dva svetska rata

Centar za ženske studije između dva svetska rata
(The Centre for Women’s Studies between the Two World Wars)

  • Author(s):Žarka Svirčev
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Gender Studies, Gender history
  • Page Range:301-309
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Women’s Movement (Ženski pokret); women scientists and scholars; women’s studies; feminist knowledge; education
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper will present the alternative, that is to say non-institutional, academic and educational practices of intellectuals who engaged with feminism in the period between the two World Wars in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes / Yugoslavia. These practices were a response to the failure to legitimise the problematic corpus of the “women’s issue” in the academic community in which they acted or sought to act. The focus of the research is Women’s Movement magazine (1920– 1938). The journal represents one of the key institutions of the feminist counterpublic in the Kingdom, and one of its constituent features is the academic discourse and collaborative circle to which prominent female scholars of that era belonged. The journal reported on the activities of members of the Association of University Educated Women, as well as other associations in which women academics worked, and transmitted their articles, studies, and essays. Based on the material provided by Women’s Movement, the representative intellectual preoccupations and research interests of female scholars emerging from feminist positions can be distinguished – this interdisciplinary corpus attests to the persecution of female academics in order to oppose the meritorious knowledge that was spreading from university departments and their microinstitutions in the public sphere. Based on both domestic and international epistemic and interpretative communities, and reflecting thoroughly on their experiences, research into this movement is directed towards the creation of knowledge, and how their achievements transcend the context in which they originated, still being current today. Women’s Movement provides further insight into strategies for disseminating knowledge and creating collaborative networks (public lectures, focus groups and seminars with well-defi ned discussion topics and references), promoting each other through critical texts and presentations (drafting bibliographies, publishing, holding thematic exhibitions, etc.).
Feminističko znanje i pedagogija: ženska i feministička periodika u nastavi

Feminističko znanje i pedagogija: ženska i feministička periodika u nastavi
(Feminist Knowledge and Pedagogy: Women’s and Feminist Periodicals in Teaching)

  • Author(s):Ana Kolarić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology, Gender history
  • Page Range:309-316
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:feminist critique; feminist pedagogy; women’s and feminist periodicals in literature teaching; gender theories in teaching
  • Summary/Abstract:The focus of the presentation is the introduction of feminist critique and feminist pedagogy in the classroom, through the research of women’s and feminist periodicals in the teaching of literature. The syllabi of several subjects in undergraduate and postgraduate studies at the Faculty of Philology of the University of Belgrade are considered from several angles: the production of feminist knowledge and the re-examination of the so-called legitimate knowledge; feminist solidarity and the formation of women’s (academic) groups: then and now; activist / feminist pedagogy in the classroom. One of the aims of the presentation is to highlight that the production and legitimisation of feminist knowledge in higher education is a necessary element for reflection and the realisation of any changes at lower educational levels.
Feminističko znanje u visokoškolskom obrazovanju i naučnoj periodici

Feminističko znanje u visokoškolskom obrazovanju i naučnoj periodici
(Feminist Knowledge in Higher Education and Academic Periodicals)

  • Author(s):Katarina Lončarević
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Education, Sociology, Higher Education
  • Page Range:317-330
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Gender Studies; institutionalization; university education; academic periodicals; feminist journals
  • Summary/Abstract:In this text I analyse challenges of institutionalisation of Gender Studies at Belgrade University, important, above other things, for the production and spreading of feminist knowledge. Turning attention to the journal Genero, I point shortly to important sphere of production of feminist knowledge – academic journals dedicated to feminist theory, because these are the source of feminist knowledge but also important tool for its spreading: through University lectures, through researches, as well as through the process of (textual) networking of women scientists of different generations and finally through the process of the coming of age of new generations of feminist theorists who publish their first texts in such journals.
Bolje nacista nego žena: neki vidovi namernog zaboravljanja Anice Savić Rebac

Bolje nacista nego žena: neki vidovi namernog zaboravljanja Anice Savić Rebac
(Better a Nazi than a Woman: Some Forms of the Deliberate Forgetting of Anica Savić Rebac)

  • Author(s):Svetlana Slapšak
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology, Gender history
  • Page Range:333-341
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Anica Savić Rebac (1892–1953); Ernesto Grassi (1902–1991); ancient aesthetics; female academics; marginalisation strategies / repression policies
  • Summary/Abstract:In the 1970s, the Belgrade publishing house Srpska Književna Zadruga published The Theory of the Beautiful in Antiquity by Ernesto Grassi, an expert on antiquity, a Nazi and the founder, under Hitler’s patronage, of the Institute for the Humanities in Berlin in 1942. SKZ paid for the royalties, translation and publishing of an average work, instead of reprinting Anica Savić Rebac’s Ancient Aesthetics and the Science of Literature, an original work of exceptional epistemological value, with new knowledge and incomparably greater international significance than Grassi’s. At the same time, the copyrights belonged to the University Library, and thus to the people. From this illustrative instance, I develop the fate of the reception of a great scholar’s position in a small patriarchal space.
Ksenija Atanasijević - autoportret u portretima

Ksenija Atanasijević - autoportret u portretima
(Ksenija Atanasijević – Self-Portrait in Portraits)

  • Author(s):Ivana Bašić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Philosophy, Gender history
  • Page Range:343-349
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Ksenija Atanasijević; portraits of women; women’s creativity; feminist tradition
  • Summary/Abstract:Ksenija Atanasijević (1894–1981), the first female Doctor of Philosophy and Assistant Professor in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, an eminent philosopher of her time, was contemporaneously a highly socially engaged thinker, especially in the fields of pacifism, anti-fascism, anti-Semitism and feminism. In addition to numerous discussions on feminism, Atanasijević authored texts on significant female historical figures – from philosophers and writers to rulers and saints. The focus of the paper is on how Atanasijević, writing about the poets and philosophers of ancient Greece, but also about Saint Teresa of Ávila or George Sand, wrote her own understanding of the importance of women’s scholarly and artistic creativity and the emancipation of women. At the same time – through her choice of different women’s creative individualities, and by the inspired interpretation of their works, characters and existences – Atanasijević painted her own intellectual and emotional portrait.
Život i rad Smilje Kostić-Joksić (1895–1981) profesorke Medicinskog fakulteta u Beogradu

Život i rad Smilje Kostić-Joksić (1895–1981) profesorke Medicinskog fakulteta u Beogradu
(The Life and Work of Smilja Kostić-Joksić (1895–1981) Professor at the Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade)

  • Author(s):Dragomir Bondžić, Ivana Pantelić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Gender Studies, Gender history
  • Page Range:351-360
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Dr. Smilja Kostić-Joksić (1895–1981); women; education; university; emancipation
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper analyses the life and scientific career of Smilja Kostić-Joksić, professor at the Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade. Born in 1895 in Belgrade, where she attended grammar school, she participated in the Balkan Wars and the First World War as a nurse. She completed her medical studies in France in 1921, where she began her career at the Children’s Clinic in Strasbourg. However, in 1922 she returned to Belgrade, where she worked at the newly established Faculty of Medicine, first as a teaching assistant, and then, from 1939, as an assistant professor of pediatrics – the first female assistant professor at this institution. She was elected associate professor in 1948 and confirmed in 1950. Due to her “ideological and political inadequacy”, she was expelled from the school in 1954. She worked at the Children’s Clinic, practised pediatrics, established an infant counselling centre, and published several monographs and more than 120 scientific and professional papers. In particular, she was concerned with childhood tuberculosis and the protective effects of the BCG vaccine, the safety of which she proved. For scientific results she was awarded the French Order of the Légion d’honneur. In addition to scientific, professional and pedagogical work at the school and health institutions, she was also involved in social work, advancing medical knowledge, promoting health and hygiene among the general public, especially among women and children. The work and life of Smilja Kostić-Joksić are viewed and presented in a broader social, political and cultural context, within the framework of Serbia and Yugoslavia in the first half of the 20th century, and especially in the context of the development and operation of the Faculty of Medicine and the University of Belgrade, their teaching staff , and ideological and political circumstances that led to her expulsion from the Faculty and University. She died in Belgrade in 1981. She was married to Aleksandar Kostić, who had also been a student in France, a prominent scientist, physician and professor at the Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade, who was similarly expelled from teaching in 1952 because of his “ideological and political inadequacy”. In the course of the research we use documents contained in the fonds of the Archives of Serbia and the Archives of Yugoslavia.
Dr Margita Hercl (1900–1942): antifašistkinјa i lekarka

Dr Margita Hercl (1900–1942): antifašistkinјa i lekarka
(Dr Margita Hercl (1900–1942): Antifascist and Paediatrician)

  • Author(s):Margareta Bašaragin, Draga Gajić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Gender Studies, Gender history
  • Page Range:361-371
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Dr Margita Hercl; medicine; Women’s Movement; National Liberation Struggle (NOB); antifascism; activism
  • Summary/Abstract:Margita Hercl was born in Subotica at the beginning of the 20th century (22 February 1900) in a well-to-do, multi-lingual, Jewish family: besides Hungarian and Serbian she spoke German and French by the time she went to study medicine in Vienna. After completing her studies and passing the Professional Paediatrics exam (1928), she worked first as an apprentice in Subotica, later becoming head of the Children’s Polyclinic in 1932. From 1936 she continued her professional career in the Institute of Hygiene in Banja Luka, and opened a private practice there in 1938. She was active in the Banja Luka Women’s Movement from its inception (September 1, 1935) and initiated various social activities related to her chosen profession, and also to issues of women’s equality. In December 1941, she became involved in the national liberation struggle: she was head of the Čemernica Detachment Hospital, where she died in a Chetnik attack in 1942. In this paper, we explore the life story of the antifascist Dr Margita Hercl, with the aim of reviving her memory in her hometown of Subotica, as well as in Banja Luka, where she worked professionally, thus connecting the region through women’s activism (which is considerable). We combine a biographical method with other people’s memories and documentation preserved in the two cities.
Palimpsest o Ani

Palimpsest o Ani
(Palimpsest on Ana)

  • Author(s):Gordana Stojaković
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Gender history
  • Page Range:373-389
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Keywords:Ana Cimer; Ана Грес; Czimmer Anna; dr G. Czimmer Anna; Gresz Bélané; Gresz Cz. Anna
  • Summary/Abstract:In this paper, I will attempt to investigate the data on the life and work of physician and scientist (bacteriologist and pharmacologist), Ana Cimer (Arad, 1906 – Novi Sad, 1967), who belonged to three cultures: Hungarian, Serbian, and Romanian. Of all the personal information about her, the most consistent is her given name – Ana. Chronologically simplified, she was Dr Ana (Anna), born Cimer (Czimmer), as a married woman Gres (Gresz), widow of Béla Gresz, buried as Gresz Belané. Among these simplifications are several variations of the surnames as Ana wrote them at different times in her life, which hint at, and sometimes clearly testify to, her fruitful work and tragic fate. There is a certain lack of information about her life and work, due to the fact that an extremely interesting correspondence (including photographs and many other important documents) was burned at Ana’s explicit wish. It is unclear exactly when she came to Novi Sad. Written records so far show that the Yugoslav Army hired Dr Ana Gres from January to June 1945, probably for the needs of the newly established Military Transfusion Station, at the Main Provincial Hospital in Novi Sad, which ceased operations after the end of hostilities. There is further written evidence that in January 1948 she returned to Novi Sad at the request of the Ministry of Labour of the FPRY as a foreign expert. From then until the time when serious illness confined her to bed, she would head the bacteriology ward at the tuberculosis hospitals in Venac and Novi Sad. In Arad, where she was born, Transylvanianism involved multilingualism and connectedness, creating a special, shared cultural awareness to which Ana Cimer, as the child of a mixed marriage and a connoisseur of multiple languages, belonged. As Dr Ana Cimer, she worked in Szeged (where she had successfully completed her medical studies in 1931) as a part of the team of Albert Szent-Györgyi von Nagyrápolt, the winner of the 1937 Nobel Prize for Medicine. There, she was part of the elite from Erdelj (Transylvania) who, after the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Kingdom of Hungary), sought their place in the mother country – the Kingdom of Hungary. The 1930s were the most prolific period of Ana Cimer’s research work. She published scientific and professional papers in professional journals during her work at the Debrecen Pharmacological Institute, the Szeged Bacteriological Institute (The Szeged Theoretical Institute) and the Budapest State Hygiene Institute. Anna Cimer was a noted expert in Romanian literature (from Benuce to Sadoveanu), and is known to have translated novels by Marcel Aymé and Saint- Exupéry (The Little Prince) from French. In addition, she worked directly (through articles in Lumina and Híd magazines) and indirectly (through an informal literary salon in her apartment and correspondence with many Hungarian writers) in the field of literary creativity in the mid-20th century in Hungarian, Serbian and Romanian. Severely ill and lonely, she died at the age of 61. She was buried in the Old Catholic Cemetery in Novi Sad, although her grave, a humble mound with a wooden cross, is nowhere to be found today. This paper aims to preserve the memory of Dr Ana Cimer Gres.
Marica Radojčić: naučnica i umetnica

Marica Radojčić: naučnica i umetnica
(Marica Radojčić: Scientist and Artist)

  • Author(s):Sanja Kojić Mladenov
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Gender history
  • Page Range:391-399
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Professor Marica Radojčić (1943–2018); science; art; mathematics; digital art; interdisciplinarity; women
  • Summary/Abstract:Throughout her academic and artistic career, mathematician and multimedia visual artist Professor Marica Radojčić (Novi Karlovci, 1943 – Belgrade, 2018) actively linked art and science through an interdisciplinary approach, striving to demonstrate the inseparability of the creative process in each of these two fields. From the late 1960s she was employed by the Faculty of Mathematics of the University of Belgrade, where she had graduated and completed her postgraduate and doctoral studies. She studied in Germany and in the USA as a Fulbright scholar. She was a visiting professor and researcher at many international universities (Bonn, Hamburg, Moscow, Berkeley, Stanford, New York, …). She started a seminar on applied mathematics and mathematical linguistics, and established a Mathematical Art Workshop at the Faculty of Mathematics. In her artistic experiments, she simultaneously applied knowledge in the field of natural sciences, especially mathematical linguistics, logic and algebra, fostering philosophical and metaphysical discourse. Her specific interdisciplinary-experimental artistic approach began in the early 80s, when her alternative method was misunderstood in the artistic intellectual environment of Serbia, and she achieved success by exhibiting on the foreign art scene, primarily in America and then in Europe. She developed a specific multimedia artistic practice, based on experiments in painting, media installations, spatial environments and digital animations. She participated in the founding of Interdisciplinary Studies at the University of the Arts in Belgrade, the Digital Arts Group – the first digital art programme in our country – on which she also taught. Disappointed by the inefficiency of the academic and institutional systems, she founded the independent Arts and Sciences Association (UMNA), continuing her own innovative activity at home and abroad. After a large solo exhibition at the Matica Srpska Gallery in Novi Sad, she left a signifcant part of her artistic oeuvre to this institution, which was to become the basis for her legacy. The aim of this paper is, by using the example of Marica Radojčić’s profession “between” science and art, to draw attention to the importance of the permeation of science and art as inseparable parts in a unique process of creativity, where both are necessary and essential. In doing so, I point to the contribution she made in these fi - elds, intertwining their mutual knowledge, methods and approaches, analysing the (non-)acceptance and (in)visibility of her work by the expert audience.
Mileva Filipović – začetnica rodnog diskursa u Crnoj Gori

Mileva Filipović – začetnica rodnog diskursa u Crnoj Gori
(Mileva Filipović: the Initiator of Gender Discours in Montenegro)

  • Author(s):Ervina Dabižinović
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Gender Studies, Gender history
  • Page Range:401-408
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Montenegro; Mileva Filipović; gender studies; translation
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of this paper is to present the life and work of Mileva Filipović (1938) to the academic community in the region. The first female academician, Filipović founded the academic postgraduate programme Women and Law, at the Faculty of Law in Podgorica, which introduced the gender aspect into academic discourse and research in Montenegro. There are two creative periods in Mileva Filipović’s career: in the SFR Yugoslavia in the 20th century, when she built an academic career along with her social engagement; in the 21st century when she established an almost complete framework for questions of gender and gender studies. In addition to creating a gender studies curriculum, since 2000 she has undertaken intensive editorial work within the Femina imprint of the CID publishing house in Podgorica, where she has published her translation of the French author Pierre Bourdieu’s Masculine Domination (2001), and books by Alain Touraine (The Women’s World [Le Monde des Femmes], 2011) and Sylviane Agacinski (Woman Between Sex and Gender [Femmes entre sexe et genre], 2015), as well as her research results in The Social Power of Women in Montenegro (2003). By doing so, she is gradually forming her readers’ opinion on gender and gender studies in the 21st century in Montenegro and the region. Translating literature about women and for women is one of the important contributions to be made for readers in this region when talking about female academics. By researching the position and role of women in Montenegrin society, Mileva Filipović has opened up the topic of the exclusion of women from academia and from the networks of academic institutions. The originality and empirical validity of her research, the use of modern academic achievements, as well as the overall contribution to the development of academic thought in our country, remains unacknowledged by the highest academic institution – although nominated to join the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, she was not elected. The message sent by this act is demotivating to the entire population of female academics in Montenegro.
Između Lete i Mnemosine: slučaj jedne (ne)zaboravljene vizantološkinje

Između Lete i Mnemosine: slučaj jedne (ne)zaboravljene vizantološkinje
(Between Leto and Mnemosyne: One (Un)Forgotten Woman Byzantologist)

  • Author(s):Larisa ORLOV VILIMONOVIĆ
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Gender Studies, Sociology, Gender history
  • Page Range:409-419
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Ninoslava Radošević (1943−2007); Byzantology; classical studies; female scholars.
  • Summary/Abstract:Byzantology, as a field of research with a long tradition at the University of Belgrade, has almost always been presented to the public (but also academically) through the activities of a several male scholars – Dragutin Anastasijević, Georgije Ostrogorski, Božidar Ferjančić, Ivan Đurić and Ljubomir Maksimović. One prominent Byzantologist, however, is an exceptional female Byzantine classicist who has endowed generations of future Byzanthologists with her decades of dedicated work and great skills, heuristic talent and immense knowledge of Greek, who increasingly remains in the shadows, regardless of her academic oeuvre. Ninoslava Radošević (1943−2007) was also a world-renowned Byzantologist, and her “departure in silence”, as described in the introduction of the 45th volume of the journal Zbornik radova Vizantološkog instituta, should not be translated into her “survival in silence”, or sure oblivion in the history of Serbian Byzantology. This paper is dedicated to the life and work of Ninoslava Radošević, with particular emphasis on the gender aspect of the forgetting of scholars in the history of Serbian academia.
Sestre Janković: pionirski rad na polju etnokoreologije

Sestre Janković: pionirski rad na polju etnokoreologije
(The Janković Sisters: Pioneering Work in the Field of Ethnochoreology)

  • Author(s):Selena Rakočević, Mladena Prelić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Gender history, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology
  • Page Range:421-430
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Ljubica S. Janković (1894–1974); Danica S. Janković (1898–1960); ethnochoreology; traditional dance
  • Summary/Abstract:Although educated as professors of Yugoslav literature, the sisters Ljubica (Aleksinac, 14/26 June 1894 – Belgrade, 3 May 1974) and Danica S. Janković (Podrinjska Lešnica, 7/19 May 1898 – Belgrade, 18 April 1960) devoted almost the entirety of their professional lives to collecting and studying traditional dances, or folk dances, as they called their subject, and to establishing ethno-choreology as a distinct academic discipline in Serbia. The many years over which the Janković sisters collaborated in field work, beginning in 1934, have produced a wealth of material, mainly from Serbia and Northern Macedonia, which has for the most part been published in a multitude of scholarly works and in a nine-volume capital edition called Folk Dances. The first eight books from this edition were printed in the period from 1934 to 1964, while the ninth book was published posthumously in 2016. Ljubica and Danica Janković can be considered the founders not only of ethnochoreology, but also of ethnomusicology in Serbia. The life story of the Janković sisters can be seen as a story of scientific success and recognition of two talented, educated and dedicated women, despite their still relatively traditional, patriarchal environment. In the final comments, however, we point out the possibility that more or less hidden patriarchal patterns also marked their life path.
Biti žensko u srpskoj tradicionalnoj i savremenoj kulturi: etnografski rad Miroslave Malešević kroz prizmu rodnog pitanja

Biti žensko u srpskoj tradicionalnoj i savremenoj kulturi: etnografski rad Miroslave Malešević kroz prizmu rodnog pitanja
(Being Female in Traditional and Contemporary Serbian Culture: The Ethnographic Work of Miroslava Malešević through the Prism of the Gender Issue)

  • Author(s):Sonja Radivojević
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):History, Gender Studies, Gender history, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology
  • Page Range:431-439
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Miroslava Malešević; gender; women; humanities; ethnography; feminism.
  • Summary/Abstract:Although, from the birth of the feminist movement and women’s activities within the so-called first wave feminism of the 19th century, through the second wave feminism that emerged in the 1960s, to contemporary third wave feminism, a large range of (in)formal rights have been gained, women’s efforts to establish a level playing field in society continue, keeping this issue current. Labeled the second sex, women throughout history have been deprived of participation in social and political life, while remaining cut off from the mainstream of academia, both as researchers and writers, and as those written about. Women in academia, and the academics of women, and their unknown achievements, began to be heard during the second wave feminism, and anthropology, as a discipline that traditionally gives a voice to otherness, was a natural ally in this struggle, contributing to the continual rethinking of gender. Although today the gender issue is one of the main investigative themes of modern ethnology and anthropology, it has been in the shadow for a long time in the domestic context. One of the founders of a systematic and consistent interest in gender issues in Serbia is the ethnologist-anthropologist Miroslava Malešević, who has maintained a permanent interest in gender, and especially women. Considering the importance, quality and quantity of not only ethnographic material concerning women’s perspectives on everyday life, the construction of gender and gender relations in the traditional and contemporary context, in the village and the city and among different categories of women, but also the theoretical and methodological importance for a wider range of domestic social sciences and humanities, I present in this paper the author’s scholarly and ethnographic work based on a reading of two monographs – Didara and Female – while drawing attention to the overall contribution to science that can be attributed to it.
Biti žena u nauci – naučnica: problemi i perspektive. O projektu Etnografskog instituta SANU pod pokroviteljstvom Uneska

Biti žena u nauci – naučnica: problemi i perspektive. O projektu Etnografskog instituta SANU pod pokroviteljstvom Uneska
(To be a Woman in Science: Problems and Perspectives. About the Institute of Etnography Project Supported by UNESCO)

  • Author(s):Miroslava Lukić Krstanović
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Sociology
  • Page Range:443-456
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:project; women scientists and scholars; status; UNESCO; Serbia; problems
  • Summary/Abstract:Why is it important to talk about, and fill in the knowledge gaps of women scholars and scientists? These and other questions were the theme of the project of the Institute of Ethnography of Serbian Academy of Science and Arts under the auspices of UNESCO Participation Program 2018/2019, entitled The Status of Women Scholars and Scientists in the Labour Market and Society in Serbia. The Project consisted of the following programs: a seminar “Women Scholars for women Scholars – Methodologies of Feminist Researches”; “Women Scientists in Society”, a conference with more than 70 participants from Serbia and abroad; exhibition of publications by women scientists and scholars; and a documentary film Women Scientists and Scholars in Society – Significant but Invisible. Both the project, and the public debate raised important questions related to the status and position of women scholars and scientists, such as: gender inequity in research funding; deficient knowledge, heritage and social memory of historic women scholars and scientists; lack of information about the importance of women scholars and scientists in a society; trivialisation in the shaping of identity of women in science; absence of gender sensitive topics; invisibility in the country of origin of scientists and scholars who emigrated (especially female); problems of ageism; problems of feminist activism in academia and so on.
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