WPŁYWY JĘZYKA ROSYJSKIEGO NA SYSTEM GRAMATYCZNY POLSZCZYZNY XIX I POCZĄTKÓW XX WIEKU W ŚWIETLE ÓWCZESNYCH ŹRÓDEŁ POPRAWNOŚCIOWYCH
THE INFLUENCE OF RUSSIAN ON THE GRAMMATICAL SYSTEM OF POLISH OF 19TH CENTURY AND THE BEGINNINGS OF 20TH CENTURY IN THE LIGHT OF CONTEMPORARY SOURCES ON LINGUISTIC CORRECTNESS

Summary/Abstract: The article is an attempt at presentation of the range and forms of influence of the Russian language on the grammatical system of Polish of the nineteenth century and the first two decades of the twentieth century. The basic sources were the publica­tions on orthoepy from the years 1870 - 1926 showing about 200 detailed facts on the influence of Russian on contemporary Polish. The influence is visible in all the systems of language but phonology and the most intensive and extensive influence is seen in the syntax. Some of the more important forms of influence of Russian should be men­tioned: the change of grammatical gender of some nouns, caiques made of structural models of comparison of adjectives and past tense, keeping of the word formation suffixes active, linguistic caiques of structural kind of prepositions and prepositional phrases, caiques of semantic functions of some conjunctions and prepositions, caiques of word order, numerous caiques in the rection of verbs, of grammatical form of some clauses of sentences and ways of combining sentences lastly the borrowings of sentence struc­tures of the type: kto by nie był, gdzie nie byłem (instead of ktokolwiek by był, gdziekolwiek byłem) etc. The analysis showed that the influence of Russian was more intensive in the borderline. The comparison with the contemporary orthoepic sources and con­ temporary spoken Polish shows that despite the great extent of influence of Russian on Polish of 19th and the beginnings of 20th centuries only a small group of borrowings studied was consolidated in the Polish language. The smallest number of them appears in a correct written Polish; the greatest number in the language of the press and in spoken colloquial Polish.

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