ТВОРЧЕСТВО ПУШКИНА БОЛДИНСКОЙ ОСЕНИ 1830 ГОДА КАК ПРОБЛЕМНО-ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫЙ ЦИКЛ. СЕНТЯБРЬ (СТАТЬЯ ПЕРВАЯ)
PUSHKIN’S WORKS OF THE BOLHINOVSKA!A AUTUMN OF 1830 AS A PROBLEM AND ARTISTIC CYCLE. SEPTEMBER (THE FIRST ARTICLE)

Summary/Abstract: The author of the article, using the assumption, adopted in science on the cyclization as the characteristic phenomenon in Pushkin’s later work and analysing the composition and principles of combining problem and subject uniformities indicated by the researches and concerning problems and subjects, introduces the notion of the “cycle of the second order”. In differentiation from the uniformity as far as themes and genres are concerned which are conventionally defined as “cycles of the first order” (e.g. fables, Belkin’s Tales “small tragedies”, epigrams or Imitations of Koran), cycles of the second order are resolved into problem uniformities containing works which differ in respect to themes, genre and kind but which manifest objective, problem-structural mutual relations condi­tioned by the development of the loosely understood principal problem. Such cycles are characterized by the internal dialectics and dynamics which expresses the logic of development of artistic thinking of the writer at a definite moment of time and that is why may be analysed as the artistic model of creative consciousness. The dynamic uniformity of the creative system was considered on the example of Pushkin’s literary activity during one month of Boldinov autumn of 1830. In the first article there was made a systems analysis of the folkloristic tendency (Devils, The Tale of Bald, The Tale of She-bear) whose properties — problem and aesthe­tic — point to its organic relation to the first part of Tales of Belkin ('Coffin-maker, Postmaster) — the relation conditioned by the appearance in Pushkin of a democratic hero and search of rules of aesthetic transformation of “humble prose” of Russian reality. This discovery led to the presentation of new aspects of the hero of the times in Onegin’s Journey and in a fundamental way influenced the formation of the new artistic programme of the poet. The analysis of the works of Boldinov of the systems uniformity allows also to prove the correlation between “the old” and “the new” author, that is to solve the problem of “Pushkin and Belkin”.

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